scholarly journals CODE-SWITCHING: STUDY ON THE SPEECH OF INDONESIAN JAVANESE EDUCATED BILINGUALS

Lire Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-232
Author(s):  
Sudarsono Sudarsono
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Doctoral Degrees ◽  
Switching Patterns ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Communicative Strategy ◽  
Natural Settings

The present study aims to investigate the code-switching applied by educated bilinguals. It is a quantitative and qualitative study. The data were collected from the participants doing Master and doctoral degrees at several universities in Melbourne, Australia and their spouses. The data were sorted out of the corpora recorded from discussions, conversations, a monologue equivalent with 50,117 words of talks. They were recorded from natural speeches in natural settings. The data were analyzed and interpreted analytically. The research found out that the bilinguals code-switched in their speech at a system, not at random. The code-switching patterns were categorized into Single Lexical Code-switching, Phrasal Code-switching, Intra-sentential Code-switching, and Inter-sentential Code-switching. Bilinguals code-switched from the matrix language into the embedded language to show their communicative strategy, social-cultural values, and self-expression.

scholarly journals Code-switching within the noun phrase: Evidence from three corpora

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 695-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Carmen Parafita Couto ◽  
Marianne Gullberg
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Noun Phrase ◽  
Word Order ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
Switching Patterns ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Research Questions

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: This study aims to improve our understanding of common switching patterns by examining determiner–noun–adjective complexes in code-switching (CS) in three language pairs (Welsh–English, Spanish–English and Papiamento–Dutch). The languages differ in gender and noun–adjective word order in the noun phrase (NP): (a) Spanish, Welsh, and Dutch have gender; English and Papiamento do not; (b) Spanish, Welsh, and Papiamento prefer post-nominal adjectives; Dutch and English, prenominal ones. We test predictions on determiner language and adjective order derived from generativist accounts and the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) approach. Design/methodology/approach: We draw on three publicly available spoken corpora. For the purposes of these analyses, we re-coded all three datasets identically. From the three re-coded corpora we extracted all monolingual and mixed simplex NPs (DetN) and complex NPs with determiners (determiner–adjective–noun (DetAN/NA)). We then examined the surrounding clause for each to determine the matrix language based on the finite verb. Data and analysis: We analysed the data using a linear regression model in R statistical software to examine the distribution of languages across word class and word order in the corpora. Findings/conclusions: Overall, the generativist predictions are borne out regarding adjective positions but not determiners and the MLF accounts for more of the data. We explore extra-linguistic explanations for the patterns observed. Originality: The current study has provided new empirical data on nominal CS from language pairs not previously considered. Significance/implications: This study has revealed robust patterns across three corpora and taken a step towards disentangling two theoretical accounts. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of comparing multiple language pairs using similar coding.

Conversational Code Switching

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 508-533
Author(s):  
Sharon Carstens ◽  
Lay Hoon Ang
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Consumer Culture ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Language Ideologies ◽  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Personal Names ◽  
Switching Patterns ◽  
Natural Settings ◽  
Individual Conversations

Abstract The mixing of three or more languages in casual conversations, a hallmark of Chinese Malaysian informal speech, expresses a range of sociological and ideological meanings in the ongoing construction of Chinese Malaysian heteroglossic identities. While code-switching patterns sometimes mark different speaker positions, they also express broader language identities and ideologies that transcend individual conversations. This is especially clear when analysing the relative frequency and semantic domains of single lexeme mixing, where English is mostly used for consumer culture, Malay for place names and personal names, and Chinese topolects for expressing emotion. Detailed analysis of 12 adult conversations recorded in natural settings in diverse regions of Malaysia is corroborated by language attitudes expressed in focus groups, Facebook posts, and informal conversations and interviews, revealing the diverse and sometimes contending language ideologies linked to specific languages in the Chinese Malaysian setting.

scholarly journals “PUBLISH OR PERISH” : JAVANESE LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE ON JAVANESE-ENGLISH CODE SWITCHING SONG

Lire Journal ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-167
Author(s):  
Amalina Maharani ◽  
Emy Sudarwati
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Language Maintenance ◽  
First Language ◽  
Language Shift ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Publish Or Perish ◽  
Song Lyrics ◽  
Continuous Use

This descriptive qualitative study aims to shed new light on Javanese language maintenance through the practice of English-Javanese code-switching reflected in a song entitled Lathi by Weird Genius feat Sara Fajira. The intrinsic merit of the song 'Lathi,' covering cultural values, song lyrics significance, and the song's moral message, were deliberately discussed here. The data are taken from interview transcripts, observation, and documentation. The data were analyzed by first classifying the Lathi song lyrics into types of code switching, investigating the youths’ perception regarding the used of Javanese English code switching in Lathi song, and analyze the aspects of the songs highlighted the idea of Javanese language maintenance.  The findings of this study suggest that the phenomenon of code-switching in Lathi songs is deliberately done to keep maintaining Javanese's existence as one of the popular vernacular in Indonesia. Language maintenance of the Javanese language in a song named Lathi can pique the public's interest in learning Javanese by creating Javanese language maintenance represented in its song lyrics. It makes the Javanese language gain popularity in the community, particularly among students and young people. It is, of course, a good sign of minimizing the threat of language shift.  The continuous use of the local language as a language maintenance effort will avoid losing the community's first language.

scholarly journals Structural Analysis of Persian-English Reverse Code-Switching and Code-Mixing

2019 ◽  
pp. 122-131
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Moradi ◽  
Jianbo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
Bilingual Speakers ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Switching Mode ◽  
Communicative Strategy

Code-switching and code-mixing are considered dynamic conversational phenomena in interpersonal interactions, that is an alteration between two or more languages, dialectal variants, language registers, and it is an effective communicative strategy which Persian-English bilinguals consider a genuine thing in their ordinary speech practice. The focus of the present study is on the structural analysis of reverse code-switching between Persian and English that are known to be referred to two typologically different languages. Participants of the present research, all late bilinguals, reported on frequent use of code-switching (CS) and code-mixing (CM) in everyday language practice. CS/CM is quite normal and frequent among Iranian bilinguals, especially in informal settings where bilingual speakers can freely switch between their languages. Furthermore, the results revealed that Iranian bilinguals switch from English to Persian and in verso mostly at the lexical and the phrasal levels (intrasentential switching mode), but less frequently at the clausal or the sentence level (intersentential switching mode). The research states that there are some restrictions on inserting English verbs into the Persian syntactic frame: the Persian language is thought to be the matrix language and the preverbal part comes from English as the embedded language, such incongruity between the morphosyntactic structure and the verbal system of the Persian and English languages impose some constraints on the occurrence of switching codes between the pair of the languages under study.

Functional and sociocultural attitudes of code-switching and its relation to the meaning-making process: The case of dubbing Kim Possible into Arabic

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692110194
Author(s):  
Rashid Yahiaoui ◽  
Marwa J Aldous ◽  
Ashraf Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Meaning Making ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Sociocultural Attitudes ◽  
Switching Patterns ◽  
Switching Functions ◽  
Switching Type ◽  
Lebanese Arabic ◽  
Research Questions

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions: The aim of this study is to investigate the sociolinguistic functions of code-switching and its relation to the meaning-making process by using the animated series Kim Possible as a case study. Design/methodology/approach: This study employs Muysken’s taxonomy to draw on code-switching patterns in lexico-grammar in relation to human behavior. The study also uses the functional approaches of Muysken and Appel and Gumperz as binary investigatory frameworks to locate interlingual and intralingual code-switching particularities and to elaborate on code-switching functions. Data and analysis: The analysis encompasses 48 episodes. Firstly, we extracted and transcribed code-switching occurrences in light of Muysken’s typology episode-by-episode and categorized them according to their code-switching type (interlingual or intralingual). Secondly, we quantified the occurrences according to their syntactic form to make more systematic claims about code-switching patterns. Next, we triangulated the patterns by examining the context of utterances and extralinguistic factors in the original series vis-à-vis the dubbed version to draw upon information beyond the structure or grammar. Findings/conclusions: The Arabic dubbed version was able to communicate the characters’ cosmopolitan diversity, which correlates with the series’ sense of linguistic modernity and humor. At the same time, the Arabic version was able to portray the extralinguistic reality of Lebanon and its multi-linguistic tapestry. Originality: This research is original because it focuses on Lebanese-Arabic, a dialect seldom discussed in the context of translation. The research also examines language variations in the context of dubbed discourse, where code-switching is integrally pertinent to visual-signs and the cultural background of characters. Significance/implications: The study recognizes the intricacy of code-switching as a reflective phenomenon of social reality and power dynamics; therefore, it contributes in the fields of translation and sociolinguistics.

Constraints on Code-Switching: Evidence from Swedish and English

1986 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-82
Author(s):  
Beata Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Code Switching ◽  
Optimal Switching ◽  
Specific Point ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Clear Sense ◽  
Closed Class ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Category Equivalence ◽  
Communicative Context

In this paper, I have shown that Joshi's (1982) framework of codeswitching constraints can largely be applied to Swedish-English code-switches. I feel qualified to conclude that Joshi's claims concerning the non-switchability of closed class items and matrix language and embedded languages are held up by the Swedish- English data. The need for corresponding categories proved to be less clear-cut than originally proposed by Woolford (1983) and others. It seems that optimal switching conditions are given if the categories, rules and metarules correspond in the two languages. Apparently, however, it is also possible to switch if the node admissibility conditions for the matrix language only are met, as was shown by code-switched sentences containing RPs. This requires that the speaker has a clear sense of which language is the host and which is embedded. Rules from the embedded language only are not acceptable. This calls for some sort of determination strategy by the parser. I found no evidence for determining Lm at any specific point in the sentence, except at the topmost S. Rather, the judgments by code-switchers that a sentence “comes from” one language seems to coincide with the fact that the resulting sentence is based on the rules from that language. Other than that, the matrix language is determined by the communicative context as a whole.The data involving RPs also seemed to indicate that RPs are not separate ategories, but are NPs, introduced by a “de-slashing” rule (Sells 1984). If they were separate categories, this would be evidence for there being no need for category equivalence. In this case, we would have to explicitly state all other cases which require category equivalence (the majority of cases), which is undesirable.

scholarly journals Changing Neighborhoods and Residents’ Health Perceptions: The Heart Healthy Hoods Qualitative Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Conde ◽  
Marta Gutiérrez ◽  
María Sandín ◽  
Julia Díez ◽  
Luisa Borrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Health Perceptions ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Constant Change

Cities, and therefore neighborhoods, are under constant change. Neighborhood changes may affect residents’ health in multiple ways. The Heart Healthy Hoods (HHH) project studies the association between neighborhood and residents’ health. Focusing on a middle–low-socioeconomic neighborhood in Madrid (Spain), our aim was to describe qualitatively its residents’ perceptions on the urban changes and their impacts on health. We designed a qualitative study using 16 semi-structured interviews including adult residents and professionals living or working in the area. Firstly, we described the perceived main social and neighborhood changes. Secondly, we studied how these neighborhood changes connected to residents’ health perceptions. Perceived major social changes were new demographic composition, new socio–cultural values and economic changes. Residents’ negative health perceptions were the reduction of social relationships, increase of stress and labor precariousness. Positive health perceptions were the creation of supportive links, assimilation of self-care activities and the change in traditional roles. Neighborhood changes yielded both negative and positive effects on residents’ health. These effects would be the result of the interrelation of different elements such as the existence or absence of social ties, family responsibilities, time availability, economic resources and access and awareness to health-promoting programs. These qualitative research results provide important insight into crafting urban health policies that may ultimately improve health outcomes in communities undergoing change.

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