scholarly journals ROLE OF VENTILATION, CALCIUM AND BORON ON SHOOT TIP NECROSIS AND HYPERHYDRICITY REDUCTION OF IN VITRO ROORSTOOCKS OF PISTACIO ‘BADAMI’ ȘI ‘UCB1’

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (37) ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
Mahmoudi Meimand Mohammad Javad ◽  
◽  
Malekzade Khalil ◽  
Hossein Shamshiri Mohammad ◽  
Reza Dehghani Mohammad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloride Content ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Standard Medium ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Polypropylene Membrane ◽  
Ventilation Parameter ◽  
Shoot Tip Necrosis

Shoot tip necrosis (STN) is one of the main physiological disorders in the micropropagation of pistachios. In the current study, the effects of CaNO3.4H2O at 196 mg/L and 291 mg/L, H3BO3 at 196 mg/L and 291 mg/L, and CaCl2.2H2O at 2,980 mg/L on STN and hyperhydricity reduction of Pistacia vera L., ‘Badami’ and ‘UCB1’ rootstocks were assessed, compared to the MS standard medium containing 3% sucrose, 0.7% agar supplemented with benzyladenine (BA) (1.5 mg/L), indole butyric acid (IBA) (0.1 mg/L). For ventilation parameter, filter container vessels with a 50-µm microporous polypropylene membrane (Pardis®) were used. Based on the results, an increase in calcium chloride content of the MS standard medium prevented hyperhydricity in the UCB1 rootstock, whereas it increased STN, yellow leaves, decreasing the multiplication of shoots in the ‘Badami’ rootstock. The results also showed that increasing boric acid from 196 mg/L up to 291 mg/L decreased STN in the UCB1 rootstock and increased this disorder by 37% in the ‘Badami’ rootstock. Ventilation showed no significantly reducing effect on the percentage of STN in the regenerated shoots of the ‘Badami’ rootstock, whilst it decreased the STN of the ‘UCB1’ rootstock to the lowest percentage. For the ‘Badami’ rootstock, CaNO3.4H2O at 196 mg/L led to the highest proliferation rate, shoot height, shoot diameter, and leaf number, but for the ‘UCB1’ rootstock, an increase in the concentration of CaNO3.4H2O up to 291 mg/L under ventilated conditions resulted in an increase in proliferation, shoot height, and shoot diameter.

scholarly journals Influence of Ca2+ and 6-benzyladenine on chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) in vitro shoot-tip necrosis

Plant Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Piagnani ◽  
Graziano Zocchi ◽  
Ilaria Mignani
Keyword(s):  
Castanea Sativa ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Castanea Sativa Mill ◽  
Shoot Tip Necrosis

Boron on in vitro growth and enzymatic activity of Blueberry

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessé Neves dos Santos ◽  
Ricardo Antonio Ayub ◽  
Isabela Letícia Pessenti ◽  
André Belmont Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Boric Acid ◽  
High Activity ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
In Vitro Growth ◽  
The Third ◽  
Shoot Tip Necrosis

Abstract Boron (B) is essential for plants metabolism and most culture mediums use the same concentration, but in different quantities this nutrient may provoke growth alterations. Thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of B on in vitro growth of blueberry in three experiments. The first experiment of multiplication (evaluated at 90 days) used 3 concentrations of 2-isopentenyladenine-2iP with 4 concentrations of boric acid-BA (factorial scheme 3x4). The second used 4 concentrations of BA and 1 concentration of 2iP and the third (rooting) used 4 concentrations of BA and 1 concentration of indolbutyric acid-IBA both evaluated at 180 days (unifactorial scheme). All the experiments had 4 replicates with explants. 6.2 mg L-1 of B and 5.0 mg L-1 of 2iP generated the highest shoot quantity (18.4, 25.5 respectively). From the interaction of these concentrations, there was the highest activity of POD and PPO enzymes. Under B deficit was seen a larger number of shoot-tip necrosis (9), red leaves (31) and high activity of the PAL, IAAO and POD enzymes. With IBA the correlation between IAAO and the roots’ growth was positive, showing that blueberry rooting depends of both B and IAAO regulation.

scholarly journals Influence of Root Zone Calcium on Subapical Necrosis in Potato Shoot Cultures: Localization of Injury at the Tissue and Cellular Levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
pp. 653-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
James S. Busse ◽  
Senay Ozgen ◽  
Jiwan P. Palta
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Apical Meristem ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Primary Injury ◽  
Shoot Tip Necrosis

Shoot tip necrosis has been attributed to calcium deficiency in in vitro cultures, resulting in death of the stem tip, the loss of apical dominance, and axillary branch development. Using an in vitro shoot culture system with Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dark Red Norland, we studied the development of injury symptoms at the microscopic and tissue levels at a range of media calcium concentrations varying from 6.8 to 3000 μm. Light and electron microscopic studies revealed that the primary injury due to calcium deficiency was the death and collapse of expanding pith cells below the shoot apex. The structure and organization of the shoot apical meristem was the same when plants were cultured on sufficient or suboptimal media calcium concentrations. However, the apical meristem senesced following subapical shoot tissue collapse. Death of the shoot apical meristem was a secondary effect of calcium deficiency, resulting in loss of apical dominance. Studies with 45Ca indicated that calcium was distributed in a gradient along the shoot, with highest concentration at the base and the lowest at the apex. Shoot tip necrosis developed after 20 days of culture on the suboptimal calcium concentration medium. The development of these symptoms and axillary shoot growth was associated with the lack of calcium accumulation in the shoots. Our results provide evidence that a primary injury of calcium deficiency is localized in the expanding pith cells below the shoot apical meristem and this injury results in the collapse of subapical cells. Death of the shoot apical meristem is a secondary injury resulting from calcium deficiency.

scholarly journals Influence of calcium content of tissue on hyperhydricity and shoot-tip necrosis of in vitro regenerated shoots of Lavandula angustifolia Mill.

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 636-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marília Pereira Machado ◽  
André Luís Lopes da Silva ◽  
Luiz Antonio Biasi ◽  
Cícero Deschamps ◽  
João Carlos Bespalhok Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Content ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Shoot Tip Necrosis

scholarly journals In vitro Shoot Regeneration and Control of Shoot Tip Necrosis in Tissue Cultures of Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss.

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishore K. Chiruvella ◽  
Arifullah Mohammed ◽  
Gayathri Dampuri ◽  
Rama Gopal Ghanta
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Multiple Shoots ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Nodal Explants ◽  
Nodal Segments ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Shoot Tip Necrosis

Soymida febrifuga (Roxb.) A. Juss., (Meliaceae) an indigenous lofty deciduous tree, endemic to India, has extensive pharmacological activity. Continuous destruction of plants due to environmental and geopolitical instability has posed a major threat to endemic tree species. In vitro propagation techniques are also problematic due to high incidence of shoot tip necrosis (STN). The effect of various culture conditions on regeneration and STN of Soymida febrifuga were investigated. Nodal segments from field grown plants were used as explants and cultured on MS supplemented with different concentrations of BA, KN, NAA and IAA. The synergistic effect of BA (2 mg/l) and NAA (0.2 mg/l) induced a mean of 6.3 ± 0.09 shoots from the nodal explants with a frequency of 80.4%. Frequent subculturing of nodal explants from in vitro derived shoots increases the number of multiple shoots, but the regenerated shoots exhibited the symptoms of STN. Various factors such as strength of the media, different carbon sources activated charcoal and different calcium sources have been investigated for reducing the incidence of shoot necrosis. STN can easily be recovered by increasing the levels of calcium. Transfer of shoots showing early signs of necrosis to half strength MS supplemented with CN (556 mg/l), CP (1.0 mg/l), AC (20 mg/l) and fructose (100 mg/l) facilitated recovery of more than 98% of the shoots. Rooted plantlets produced, using the optimized protocol, were acclimatized successfully.   Key words: Soymida febrifuga, Shoot regeneration, Shoot tip necrosis   D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v21i1.9559   Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 21(1): 11-25, 2011 (June)

Factors contributing to in vitro shoot-tip necrosis and their physiological interactions

2009 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Bairu ◽  
Wendy A. Stirk ◽  
Johannes Van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Tip ◽  
Shoot Tip Necrosis
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