scholarly journals Child soldier realty in Uganda: International law and reintegration

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-202
Author(s):  
Zeynep Banu Dalaman ◽  
Türkan Melis Parlak
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
International Community ◽  
Child Soldier ◽  
The United Nations

The use of children who have been most exposed to the destructive effects of wars for various military activities has been seen throughout history. Child soldiers are involved in civil wars and conflicts in many countries, especially in Africa, without discrimination. Even if the participation of 15-year-olds in the Army is accepted as a war crime by the United Nations, some 300,000 children are actively involved in wars today. The key to child soldiers is the reintroduction and retraining of these children. However, what should be mentioned here is that these children are guilty? Or a victim? In this article, the child soldier problem will be discussed from two angles. First, the effectiveness of the decisions taken to prevent criminal organisations and states from committing this crime to recruit child soldiers within the framework of international law rules will be discussed. Secondly, based on the example of Uganda, the programs prepared by the international community for the reintegration of former child warriors to society will be analysed.

Transboundary Harm: The International Law Commission’s Study of “International Liability”

1986 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Barstow Magraw
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
International Community ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
International Liability ◽  
International Law Commission ◽  
Law Commission

The International Law Commission of the United Nations is currently studying a topic entitled “International Liability for Injurious Consequences Arising out of Acts Not Prohibited by International Law” (hereinafter “international liability” or “topic”). That topic has proven to be as serpentine as its title suggests and consequently is difficult to define. It is generally understood as encompassing, in particular, harmful transnational environmental effects of internationally lawful activities. This aspect alone has made the topic increasingly important, as demands on resources have intensified, technological advances have given rise to threats of widespread and even catastrophic transboundary harm, and the international community has grown more interdependent in other ways.

What is a Child?

Small Arms ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
Mia Bloom
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
International Community ◽  
The United Nations

The United Nations estimated that over 300,000 boys and girls under the age of 18 were under arms as soldiers, spies, informants, couriers, and sex-slaves in the 30-plus conflicts around the globe; serving as combatants in 75 per cent of the world's conflicts. However, the United Nations and the international community have arbitrarily designated the legal age to be 18 and thus child soldiers are any combatants below that age. For the purposes of this research we have determined that 15 is a more appropriate age than 18 and culturally sensitive designation of adulthood in Islamic societies. This is based on religious rulings regarding the age at which a young person can take on adult responsibilities.

Fiduciary Principles in International Law

2019 ◽  
pp. 342-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan J. Criddle
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
International Community ◽  
League Of Nations ◽  
Military Occupation ◽  
Fiduciary Duties ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
United Nations Charter

This chapter explores how fiduciary principles have shaped international law from colonial times to the present. Fiduciary principles are evident not only in the text of the League of Nations Covenant and the United Nations Charter, but also in various subfields of international law, including the law governing U.N. missions, military occupation, the legal status and duties of states, and the role and responsibilities of diplomatic officers. In each of these contexts, the international community has affirmed that certain offices and institutions attract fiduciary duties under international law. Nonetheless, the international community has struggled to develop credible mechanisms for enforcing these fiduciary duties.

The Gulf Crisis and African-American Interests Under International Law

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry J. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Community ◽  
Desert Storm ◽  
Enforcement Action ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Cold War

It has now been two years since the end of the United Nations Security Council’s military enforcement action against Iraq, popularly known as “Operation Desert Storm.” The glow of military success suffused the American atmosphere, and its aftermath is clearly shaping international expectations about the United Nations, its legal authority, human rights, and more general issues of power, wealth and loyalties of peoples. Also shaping expectations is the end of the Cold War, which left the United States as the sole “superpower.” How well the international community and the American polity are adjusting to the absence of the Soviet Union as a major state and convenient enemy remains open to question. International law is thus challenged to regulate an international community suddenly transformed in many ways.

scholarly journals International law and humanitarian intervention

2007 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-48
Author(s):  
Sava Savic
Keyword(s):  
Moral Responsibility ◽  
International Relations ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Security Council ◽  
Humanitarian Intervention ◽  
International Community ◽  
United Nations Security Council ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The United Nations

Taking an action by the international community, individual states or their organizations with the aim of protecting citizens in some country from the tyranny of their own authorities has been defined as a humanitarian intervention. According to international law the use of power as an instrument in international relations is, however, prohibited and therefore, any approach to humanitarian intervention is stretched out between the challenges of moral responsibility and limitations of legislature. The subject of discussion in this article is the legislative aspect of humanitarian intervention by force. The research is focused on law and legitimating of humanitarian intervention by force without the United Nations Security Council approval. .

Procedures for Establishing the Invalidity or Termination of Treaties under the International Law Commission’s 1966 Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties

1967 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 976-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert W. Briggs
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Community ◽  
Official Organ ◽  
Draft Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Law ◽  
Intensive Work ◽  
International Law Commission ◽  
Law Commission

The 1966 Draft Articles on the Law of Treaties, drafted over a period of five years of intensive work by an official organ of the international community—the International Law Commission of the United Nations—is more comprehensive and more reflective of community consensus than any previous draft prepared by international lawyers on the law of treaties. In contrast with the excellent Draft Convention on the Law of Treaties completed by the Harvard Eesearch in International Law in 1935, preparation of the Commission’s draft had the advantage of participation by members representative of all continents and of the views of states which were not in existence in 1935.

Declarations of Independence in Civil Wars

Wars of Law ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 161-191
Author(s):  
Tanisha M. Fazal
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Civil Wars ◽  
International Community ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
The United Nations

This chapter asks: why, given a rise in secessionism, are secessionists decreasingly likely to issue formal declarations of independence? The main argument of the chapter is that secessionists are especially sensitive to the preferences of the international community, which has expressed strong opposition to unilateral declarations of independence since the founding of the United Nations. The chapter introduces and uses an original dataset on civil wars and three civil war case studies to assess, and ultimately find support for, this claim.

The United Nations Convention on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Certain Conventional Weapons, 1981

1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm Shaw
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
International Community ◽  
Armed Force ◽  
Conventional Weapons ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Self Defence

It may come as a surprise to many that the international community through the mechanisms and methods of international law should seek to involve itself in the techniques of war-making to the extent that it does. We all accept that international law is deeply concerned with the prevention of the use of armed force and most people are aware, if in a rudimentary fashion, of the categories of aggression, self-defence, use of force to protect nationals and so forth. It would be a cause of great amazement should the rules and techniques of international law not be heavily engaged in constraining as far as possible the impulses of states to resort to the use of force. It is rather different to find international law actually descending to the battlefield, tacitly acknowledging its own failures, and attempting to pontificate on the types of weapons to be used in the destruction of life and property. Or is it? The same general concerns that impel international law to restrain states from using violence against each other are also operative when one considers the methods of warfare, despite the irony.

scholarly journals A Reintegração de Crianças-Soldado em Serra Leoa | The Reintegration of former-child-soldiers in Sierra Leone

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Luiza Bizzo Affonso
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Child Soldiers ◽  
Child Soldier ◽  
Civilian Life ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
Former Child Soldiers ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Keywords Child

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir a reintegração das ex-crianças-soldado à vida civil, tendo como exemplo ilustrativo Serra Leoa. Analisa-se se os programas de libertação e reintegração para ex-crianças-soldado, em Serra Leoa, pode ser considerado um exemplo de sucesso. Observa-se que, embora a Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU) e suas agências percebam Serra Leoa como um sucesso na reintegração de jovens e crianças, a literatura e algumas Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs), que atuaram no país, percebem falhas nesse processo.ABSTRACTThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the reintegration of former-child-soldiers to the civilian life in Sierra Leone. Then, liberation and reintegration programs for former-child-soldiers in Sierra Leone are discussed so as to check if the they can be considered a case of success. Despite the fact that the United Nations (ONU) and its agencies see Sierra Leone as a case of success in the reintegration of youngsters and children, literature and some Non-Government Organizations (NGOs) which have acted there notice flaws in this process.Palavras-chave: Criança-soldado; DDR; Serra Leoa. Keywords: Child-soldier; DDR; Sierra Leone.DOI: 10.12957/rmi.2016.25025Recebido em 08 de Agosto de 2016 | Aceito em 29 de Novembro de 2016Received on August 08, 2016 | Accepted on November 29, 2016 

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