A Review of Botanical Characteristics, Chemical Composition, Pharmacological Activity and Use of Scorodocarpus borneensis

Scorodocarpus borneensis, an indigenous tree from Kalimantan, was used traditionally. This forest plant is from the genus Olacaceae with a unique characteristic of their bark that smells like onions. The scientific information about the potential activity of this plant was very limited. In this study, the chemical compounds and potential activities of S. borneensis were reviewed in this article. The information was collected from several databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, DOAJ, and Elsevier. Chemical compounds of S. borneensis were dominated by the volatile compound. That species has several activities, such as antioxidant, antibacterial

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Volatile Compounds in Oleo-gum Resin of Socotran Species of Burseraceae

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun201765010073 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 73-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Petr Maděra ◽

Zuzana Paschová ◽

Alena Ansorgová ◽

Boris Vrškový ◽

Samuel Lvončík ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Volatile Compounds ◽

Volatile Compound ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

High Rate ◽

Chemical Compositions ◽

Sample Analysis ◽

Resin Sample ◽

Socotra Island ◽

The World

Socotra Island is well known for its high rate of plant species endemism and having the highest concentration of frankincense species in the world. Thirteen species in Burseraceae occur on the island, of which 12 are endemic. A total of only four species from the island have had the chemical compositions of their resins published. Moreover, in general, most studies on chemical composition of frankincense and myrrh resins have analysed samples that were not freshly collected (including some of considerable age). Our study therefore aimed at analysing the volatile compound composition of all Socotran Burseraceae species, using fresh resin sample analysis. We found a total of 103 volatile compounds in all the species, with 53 of them fully identified, 27 of them partially determined and 23 still unidentified. These include four compounds (α‑fenchene, calarene, trans‑β‑farnesene, α‑elemene) newly reported from Boswellia and two (phytol and ledene) newly reported from Commiphora. Our results suggested the huge potential to find new chemical compounds among endemic Burseracean species.

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Phytochemical and Psychotropic Research of Motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) Modified Dry Extracts

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10020230 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 230

Author(s):

Oleh Koshovyi ◽

Ain Raal ◽

Igor Kireyev ◽

Nadiya Tryshchuk ◽

Tetiana Ilina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Pharmacological Activity ◽

Ellagic Acid ◽

Hydroxycinnamic Acids ◽

Psychotropic Activity ◽

Phytochemical Analysis ◽

Phenolic Substances ◽

Leonurus Cardiaca

The prospect of creating a new medicine with psychotropic activity is shown as a result of studying the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of modified dry extracts of motherwort (Leonurus cardiaca L.) tincture. The most promising substances were the dry extracts, modified by adding small amounts of arginine, valine, phenylalanine, glycine, lysine, and alanine. A total of 15 main phenolic substances were found in the extracts, and eight of them were identified. There were also 10 hydroxycinnamic acids in these extracts, three of which were identified (chlorogenic, caffeic, and rosmarinic acids). The dominant hydroxycinnamic acids were chlorogenic and caffeic acids. Among flavonoids, catechin, hyperoside, and rutin were identified. It should be noted that the extracts had a significant content of ellagic acid. On the basis of the results of the phytochemical analysis of the extracts, it can be concluded that the composition of phenolic compounds does not differ significantly, and the main differences are related to amino acids, which obviously have an impact on the overall pharmacological effect. The results obtained indicate the presence of anxiolytic activity in the motherwort extracts studied in complex with amino acids. The extracts with glycine, valine, and arginine were more effective in reducing anxiety in animals.

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Chemical composition and in vitro potential activity on glucose metabolism and cytotoxicity of leaves of Erythroxylum monogynum Roxb.

Medicinal Plants - International Journal of Phytomedicines and Related Industries ◽

10.5958/0975-6892.2020.00069.6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 568-579

Author(s):

G. Bindu ◽

Ch Ramana Venkata Devi ◽

B.S. Ravi Kumar ◽

Kiran S. Ravi

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Potential Activity

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Changes in Chemical Composition of Soluble Organic Chemical Compounds during Litters Decomposition into Tropical Forest of <i>Milletia laurentii</i> De Wild

Open Journal of Forestry ◽

10.4236/ojf.2019.91003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 (01) ◽

pp. 70-87

Author(s):

Gouolaly Tsiba ◽

Mavoungou Naïving Flovique Rosère ◽

Edzonga Josianne ◽

Milandou Matoko Jodhry Préféré ◽

Malonga Urielle Marini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Tropical Forest ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Organic Chemical

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Proximate Analysis of Kijing Taiwan Carcass (Anodonta woodiana) in Wet and Dry Forms

e-Journal BUDIDAYA PERAIRAN ◽

10.35800/bdp.2.3.2014.5702 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Nurrahmi I Saiful ◽

Cyska Lumenta

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Proximate Composition ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Nutrient Content ◽

Proximate Analysis ◽

Crude Fiber ◽

Fish Feed ◽

Field Practice ◽

Anodonta Woodiana

Field practice activities conducted in laboratory incluiding the process of carcass removal from its shells was done in the Laboratory of Nutrition and Fish Feed Technology, and also analysis of Kijing Taiwan carcass chemical composition was done in the Research and Industrial Standardization Institute of Manado. The purpose of field practice are: Analyzing the Proximate composition, Vitamin C, Calcium, and Energy of Kijing Taiwan carcass taiwan in wet and dry form. Providing scientific information about the nutrient content of Kijing Taiwan in wet and dry form. Acquire skills in operating the Proximate instruments of Vitamin C, Calcium, and Energy in the laboratory. Based on the results of the Kijing Taiwan (Anodonta woodiana) carcass proximate analysis in wet form, the data showed, 11.59% of protein, 80.66% of water, 0.26% of fat, 3.06% of ash, 0.23% of crude fiber, 4.20% of carbohydrate, 65.5 kcal of energy, 0.59% of calcium, 3.86 mg/100 g of Vitamin C. While the dry form of the data showed, 54.84% of protein, 12.18% of water, 4.08% of fat, 14.92% of ash, 0.53% of crude fiber, 13.45% of carbohydrates, 309.88 kcal of energy, 0.55% of calcium, 14.88% of vitamin C mg/100 g. Keywords: Carcass, Anodonta woodiana, proximate analysis, vitamin C, calcium, and energy

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Micro-Raman Spectroscopy Assessment of Chemical Compounds of Mantle Clinopyroxenes

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min10121084 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 1084

Author(s):

Anastasiya D. Kalugina ◽

Dmitry A. Zedgenizov

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Peak Position ◽

Mantle Xenoliths ◽

Wide Range ◽

Stretching Vibration ◽

Raman Modes ◽

Non Destructive ◽

Heterovalent Isomorphism

The composition of clinopyroxenes is indicative for chemical and physical properties of mantle substrates. In this study, we present the results of Raman spectroscopy examination of clinopyroxene inclusions in natural diamonds (n = 51) and clinopyroxenes from mantle xenoliths of peridotites and eclogites from kimberlites (n = 28). The chemical composition of studied clinopyroxenes shows wide variations indicating their origin in different mantle lithologies. All clinopyroxenes have intense Raman modes corresponding to metal-oxygen translation (~300–500 cm−1), stretching vibrations of bridging O-Si-Obr (ν11~670 cm−1), and nonbridging atoms O-Si-Onbr (ν16~1000 cm−1). The peak position of the stretching vibration mode (ν11) for the studied clinopyroxenes varies in a wide range (23 cm−1) and generally correlates with their chemical composition and reflects the diopside-jadeite heterovalent isomorphism. These correlations may be used for rough estimation of these compounds using the non-destructive Raman spectroscopy technique.

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Genotoxic and Carcinogenic Potential of Compounds Associated with Electronic Cigarettes: A Systematic Review

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2019/1386710 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Isaac Armendáriz-Castillo ◽

Santiago Guerrero ◽

Antonella Vera-Guapi ◽

Tiffany Cevallos-Vilatuña ◽

Jennyfer M. García-Cárdenas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Human Health ◽

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Electronic Cigarettes ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Electronic Cigarette ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Carcinogenic Potential ◽

Chemical Abstracts Service ◽

First Time

Background. Many studies, comparing the health associated risks of electronic cigarettes with conventional cigarettes focus mainly on the common chemical compounds found between them. Aim. Review chemical compounds found exclusively in electronic cigarettes and describe their toxic effects, focusing on electronic-cigarette-only and dual electronic-cigarette and conventional cigarette users. Data Sources. Literature search was carried out using PubMed. Study Eligibility Criteria. Articles related exclusively to conventional and electronic cigarettes’ chemical composition. Articles which reported to be financed from tobacco or electronic cigarettes industries, not reporting source of funding, not related to the chemical composition of electronic and conventional cigarettes and not relevant to tobacco research were excluded. Methods and Results. Chemical compounds reported in the selected studies were tabulated using the Chemical Abstracts Service registry number for chemical substances information. A total of 50 chemical compounds were exclusively reported to be present in electronic cigarettes. Crucial health risks identified were: eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation, with almost 50% of incidence, an increment of 10% in cytotoxic effects, when compared to compounds in common with conventional cigarettes and around 11% of compounds with unknown effects to human health. Limitations. Articles reporting conflicts of interest. Conclusions and Implications of Key Findings. Despite being considered as less harmful for human health, compounds found in electronic cigarettes are still a matter of research and their effects on health are yet unknown. The use of these devices is not recommended for first time users and it is considered hazardous for dual users.

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Contact Toxicity and Repellency of the Essential Oil from Bupleurum bicaule Helm against Two Stored Product Insects

Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2018/5830864 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Xiao-Meng Wei ◽

Shan-Shan Guo ◽

Hua Yan ◽

Xian-Long Cheng ◽

Feng Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mass Spectrometry ◽

Gas Chromatography ◽

Chemical Composition ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Bornyl Acetate ◽

Contact Toxicity ◽

Lasioderma Serricorne ◽

Stored Product Insects

Essential oils obtained from many plants showed various kinds of insecticidal properties; some of them have been considered as alternative insecticides for pest control. The present study was aimed at determining the chemical composition of the essential oil from the roots of Bupleurum bicaule Helm, as well as evaluating the contact and repellent activities of the oil and four identified compounds against Lasioderma serricorne and Liposcelis bostrychophila adults. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and its components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). 26 components were determined and the main compounds included trans-2-isopropylbicyclo[4.3.0]non-3-en-8-one (25.9%), 4,5-dimethyl-1,2,3,6,7,8,8a,8b-octahydrobiphenylene (23.5%), and 1,4-dimethoxy-2-tert-butylbenzene (4.3%). It was found that the essential oil exhibited contact toxicity against L. serricorne (LD50 = 11.91 μg/adult), but the contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila could not be observed. The essential oil also showed strong repellent activity against L. serricorne with percent repellency of 100% at 78.63 nl/cm2. Four chemical compounds, 1,4-dimethoxy-2-tert-butylbenzene, bornyl acetate, (2E,4E)-2,4-nonadienal, and β-bisabolene, exhibited various levels of bioactivities. The experimental results indicated that the essential oil of B. bicaule and its individual compounds could be used in insecticidal and repellent strategies for stored product insects.

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From the Laboratory to The Vineyard—Evolution of The Measurement of Grape Composition using NIR Spectroscopy towards High-Throughput Analysis

High-Throughput ◽

10.3390/ht8040021 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Aoife Power ◽

Vi Khanh Truong ◽

James Chapman ◽

Daniel Cozzolino

Keyword(s):

Chemical Composition ◽

Hyperspectral Imaging ◽

High Throughput ◽

Analytical Methods ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Nir Spectroscopy ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Spectroscopic Techniques ◽

High Throughput Analysis ◽

Laboratory Methods

Compared to traditional laboratory methods, spectroscopic techniques (e.g., near infrared, hyperspectral imaging) provide analysts with an innovative and improved understanding of complex issues by determining several chemical compounds and metabolites at once, allowing for the collection of the sample “fingerprint”. These techniques have the potential to deliver high-throughput options for the analysis of the chemical composition of grapes in the laboratory, the vineyard and before or during harvest, to provide better insights of the chemistry, nutrition and physiology of grapes. Faster computers, the development of software and portable easy to use spectrophotometers and data analytical methods allow for the development of innovative applications of these techniques for the analyses of grape composition.

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