scholarly journals Drugs used for the treatment of COVID-19: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
MM Bodiuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The City

COVID-19 is primarily a respiratory disease caused by a newly discovered SARS-CoV-2 virus and identified in the city of Wuhan, China in December 2019. World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this disease as a pandemic, and warned other countries. Presently this has affected 221 countries, areas or territories worldwide, Spreading of this disease is very fast in USA, India, Brazil, and Russia than in the country of its origin China. Like other coronaviruses, this may develop respiratory tract infections in the patients range from mild to fatal illness like pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Bangladesh, a country of 170 million people, is not an exception regarding COVID-19; it has been reported 5,70,800 confirmed cases with 8690 documented deaths. Still now no effective drug, vaccine, or any procedure is available and experiments are underway. However, empirical therapy is being followed to manage and save the lives of the patients. There is a need for pharmacological alternatives to combat this deadly virus and its complications. Based on the previous experiences with similar coronavirus management and present preliminary data from uncontrolled studies, drugs like Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Remdesivir, Lopinavir/Ritonavir, and Favipiravir have been recommended by the researchers to manage COVID-19. This review had assessed the potential mechanisms, safety profile, availability and cost of these drugs. This review concludes that the drugs mentioned above are having different properties and act differently in combating the COVID-19 viruses. Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2021;16(1):45-51

scholarly journals FOOD SAFETY MANAGEMENT IN LIGHT OF PANDEMIC COVID-19FOR MEDIUM CARE POSITIVE CASES UNIT(MCU)AT 57357CCHE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (02) ◽  
pp. 953-960
Author(s):  
Afaf A. Amin ◽  
◽  
Gulsen A. Saleh ◽  
Ahmed S. Khedr ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
The City

COVID-19 is a new strain of coronavirus to which humans have not got immunity. It originated in China and has quickly spread around the world.It is a disease caused by an infection by SARS-CoV-2 virus, first identified in the city of Wuhan, in Chinas Hubei province in December 2019. COVID-19 was previously known as 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) respiratory disease before the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the official name as COVID-19 in February 2020. Like the other coronaviruses, the SARS-CoV-2 virus primarily causes respiratory tract infections, and the severity of the COVID-19 disease can range from mild to fatal.

scholarly journals An Overview of Antivirals for Treating Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Elvira Cruz Jiménez ◽  
Liliana Quintanar Vera ◽  
J. Armando Lujan-Montelongo
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
World Health ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract. Covid-19 has resulted in a worldwide epidemic (pandemic) with high morbidity and mortality, which has generated efforts in various areas of research looking for safe and effective treatments to combat the virus that generates this disease: SARS-CoV-2. However, several viruses have been emerged/adapted in the last few decades, also affecting the respiratory system. According to the world health organization (WHO), lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and viruses are playing important roles as the cause of these infections. In contrast to the vast repertoire of antibiotics that exist to treat bacteria-caused LRTIs, there are a very few antivirals approved for the treatment of virus-caused LRTIs, whose approach consists mainly of drug reuse. This minireview deals on the main viral pathogens that cause LRTIs and some of the most relevant antivirals to counter them (available drugs and molecules in research/clinical trials), with concise comments of their mechanism of action.   Resumen. Covid-19 ha resultado en una epidemia mundial (pandemia) con alta morbilidad y mortalidad, lo que ha generado esfuerzos en diversas áreas de investigación en la búsqueda de tratamientos seguros y eficaces para combatir el virus que genera esta enfermedad: el SARS-CoV-2. Sin embargo, un número de virus han surgido o se han adaptado en las últimas décadas, que también afectan el sistema respiratorio. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), las infecciones en vías respiratorias inferiores (LRTIs, por sus siglas en inglés) son una de las principales causas de muerte a nivel mundial, siendo los virus de los principales patógenos causantes de estas infecciones. En contraste con el repertorio amplio de antibióticos que existen para tratar LRTIs causadas por bacterias, existen muy pocos antivirales aprobados para su tratamiento, cuyo enfoque consiste principalmente en la reutilización de fármacos. Este ensayo consiste en una breve revisión de los principales agentes virales que causan LRTIs y de los antivirales más relevantes para combatir los virus que las causan (tanto fármacos disponibles como moléculas en fases de investigación o clínicas), con comentarios concisos sobre su mecanismo de acción.

scholarly journals The Pandemic Hits Us Hard, but We Don’t Lose Hope

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Krisna Yuarno Phatama ◽  
Sholahuddin Rhatomy, MD ◽  
Asep Santoso ◽  
Nicolaas C. Budhiparama
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Health Organization

At the end of 2019, we faced a new variant of the coronavirus that can cause pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome-like symptoms. It started in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and spread quickly to the whole world.This new virus is called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and can manifest as a disease called coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). On March 13th, 2020 World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic, and the story of frightening pandemic begin.

scholarly journals Pathomorphological Changes In The Lungs Of COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeshan Ali
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
World Health ◽  
Severe Respiratory Failure ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, a novel virus was discovered in China causing severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and the virus was designated as SARS-CoV-2 [1]. On 11th March 2020, the Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) [2]. Millions of people worldwide have been affected by this virus [3]. Most of the patients shows mild symptoms. Severe cases lead to the death of patients due to severe respiratory failure. Multiple organ failure has been seen in many patients suffering from COVID-19

scholarly journals Multiorgan Involvement in COVID-19 and Possible Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Prachee Sathe ◽  
Vijay Sundar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
World Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractIn late 2019, China reported cases of respiratory illness in humans, which involved a novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (also known as 2019-nCoV). The World Health Organization (WHO) termed the disease COVID-19 (i.e., Coronavirus disease 2019). Most of the morbidity and mortality from COVID-19 is largely due to acute viral pneumonitis that leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This article will discuss the clinical features of the multiorgan involvement in COVID-19 as well as the management of patients who become critically ill due to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Do pollution and climate influence respiratory tract infections in children?

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Duarte Passos ◽  
Rosa Estela Gazeta ◽  
Ana Paula Felgueiras ◽  
Patrícia Costa Beneli ◽  
Micheline de S. Z. S. Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
World Health ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

To review if pollution and climate changes can influence respiratory tract infections in children. Data source: articles published on the subject in PubMed, SciELO, Bireme, EBSCO and UpTodate were reviewed. The following inclusion criteria were considered: scientific papers between 2002 and 2012, study design, the pediatric population, reference documents such as the CETESB and World Health Organization Summary of the data: We analyzed research that correlated respiratory viruses and climate and/or pollution changes. Respiratory syncytial virus has been the virus related most to changes in climate and humidity. Other "old and new" respiratory viruses such as Human Bocavirus, Metapneumovirus, Parechovirus and Parainfuenza would need to be investigated owing to their clinical importance. Although much has been studied with regard to the relationship between climate change and public health, specific studies about its influence on children's health remain scarce.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hira Karim ◽  
Muhammad Shahzeb Khan
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Viral Strain ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Tract Infections

Emerging and reemerging pathogens is a global challenge for public health. Recently, a novel coronavirus disease emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province of China, in December 2019. It is named COVID-19 by World Health Organization (WHO). It is known to be caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that affects the lower respiratory tract and manifests as pneumonia in humans. Coronaviruses (CoVs) are structurally more complicated as compared to other RNA viruses. This viral epidemic has led to the deaths of many, including the elderly or those with chronic disease or compromised immunity. Viruses cause infection and diseases in humans of varying degrees, upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) cause common cold while lower respiratory tract infections induce pneumonia, bronchitis, and even severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The costs of COVID-19 are not limited. It equally affects all the medical, sociological, psychological, and economic aspects globally. This is regarded as the third deadly outbreak in the last two decades after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS (2002–2003) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome MERS (2012). Based on the sequence homology of SARS-CoV-2, different animal sources including bats, snakes, and pangolins have been reported as potential carriers of this viral strain. Real-time RT-PCR represents the primary method for the diagnosis of new emerging viral strain SARS-CoV-2. The transmission dynamics suggest that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted from person-to-person through direct contact or coughing, sneezing, and by respiratory droplets. Several anti-viral treatments including lopinavir/ritonavir, remdesivir, chloroquine phosphate, and abidor are also suggested with different recommendations and prescriptions. Protective and preventive strategies as suggested by various health organization i.e. WHO and US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) must be adopted by everyone. This review covers the important aspects of novel COVID-19 including characteristics, virology, symptoms, diagnostics, clinical aspects, transmission dynamics, and protective measures of COVID-19.

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