scholarly journals Soil supplementation with Si, B and Zn and their synergetic effects in reducing severity of wheat blast (Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum)

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
MH Kabir ◽  
HR Nayan ◽  
MA Abedin ◽  
MB Meah
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Soil Preparation ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
House Condition ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

Wheat blast (Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum) in Bangladesh and South America is recognized as one major limiting factor of wheat production. Its control using chemical pesticides raises concerns about food safety and pesticide resistance, which have dictated the need for alternative blast management approach, nutrient supplementation could be an ecofriendly alternative. Experiments were carried out under confined net house condition for two consecutive cropping seasons. Single doses of the nutrients (Si, B and Zn) were incorporated during soil preparation. Plants of the wheat blast susceptible variety BARI Gom-26 were inoculated with spores (1 x 107 spores ml-1) of Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum at blast vulnerable pre-heading stage of 52 days age. Typical wheat blast symptoms of spike bleaching from top to downward appeared on sight 14 days after inoculation i.e., 66 days age of the crop. Incidence and severity of blast bleaching of spike were scored for four times starting from 68 days age @ three day’s interval. None of the nutrients could stop the incidence of blast on wheat; however, some nutrients reduced the blast incidence significantly. Solo application of Si, B and Zn or combination of two caused significant reduction of spike bleaching. With the mixed application of Si, B and Zn, > 47% reduction of wheat blast severity was obtained. The results revealed that the soil application of silicon, zinc and boron had a synergistic effect on the intensity of blast disease of wheat. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(2): 76-84, Dec 2021

scholarly journals Determining an effective and economic fungicide spray schedule for reducing blast of wheat

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
MH Kabir ◽  
FS Tisha ◽  
HR Nayan ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MA Kashem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Interval Plants ◽  
Single Compound ◽  
Cropping Seasons ◽  
Heading Stage

Wheat blast, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT), constitutes one of the major obstacles to the expansion of wheat production in Bangladesh. In the absence of resistant variety, fungicide control is the first-hand effort. Determining an effective and economic fungicide spray schedule in controlling blast disease of wheat was aimed. Ten fungicides were tested during two consecutive cropping seasons of 2018-2019 to 2019-2020. The wheat plants of blast susceptible cultivar BARI Gom 26 were inoculated with spores (107 spores ml-1) of MoT at pre-heading stage of wheat (52 days age). Fungicides were applied both before inoculation and after the appearance of blast symptoms in cocktail for three times starting from booting of wheat at 7 days interval. Plants received the combination of Filia (Tricyclazole 40% + Propiconazole 12.5%) and Seltima (Pyraclostrobin 10%) had significantly lower blast incidence and severity (1.23% and 3.33%) against untreated plants. Cocktail of Nativo and Trooper (Tricyclazole 75 wp) proved 2nd best curative measure. Application of Nativo (Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25%) alone ranked third in its efficacy. The fungicide spray schedule covered booting, pre-heading and heading stages of wheat. The results indicate a mixture of Tebuconazole + Tricyclazole + Pyraclostrobin is more effective (97% blast reduction) and economic (BCR 1.45) than a single compound application in reducing incidence and severity of wheat blast. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 11(1): 10-16, June 2021

scholarly journals Climate Suitability for Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum Pathotype in the United States

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 1979-1987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian D. Cruz ◽  
Roger D. Magarey ◽  
David N. Christie ◽  
Glenn A. Fowler ◽  
Jose M. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Threshold Levels ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Production Areas

Wheat blast, caused by the Triticum pathotype of Magnaporthe oryzae, is an emerging disease considered to be a limiting factor to wheat production in various countries. Given the importance of wheat blast as a high-consequence plant disease, weather-based infection models were used to estimate the probabilities of M. oryzae Triticum establishment and wheat blast outbreaks in the United States. The models identified significant disease risk in some areas. With the threshold levels used, the models predicted that the climate was adequate for maintaining M. oryzae Triticum populations in 40% of winter wheat production areas of the United States. Disease outbreak threshold levels were only reached in 25% of the country. In Louisiana, Mississippi, and Florida, the probability of years suitable for outbreaks was greater than 70%. The models generated in this study should provide the foundation for more advanced models in the future, and the results reported could be used to prioritize research efforts regarding the biology of M. oryzae Triticum and the epidemiology of the wheat blast disease.

scholarly journals Detection and characterization of fungus (Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum) causing wheat blast disease on rain-fed grown wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Zambia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. e0238724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batiseba Tembo ◽  
Rabson M. Mulenga ◽  
Suwilanji Sichilima ◽  
Kenneth K. M’siska ◽  
Moses Mwale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Wheat Blast

scholarly journals Gene Flow between Divergent Cereal- and Grass-Specific Lineages of the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae

mBio ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Gladieux ◽  
Bradford Condon ◽  
Sebastien Ravel ◽  
Darren Soanes ◽  
Joao Leodato Nunes Maciel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
South America ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Rice Blast ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Disease Emergence ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Delineating species and epidemic lineages in fungal plant pathogens is critical to our understanding of disease emergence and the structure of fungal biodiversity and also informs international regulatory decisions. Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae) is a multihost pathogen that infects multiple grasses and cereals, is responsible for the most damaging rice disease (rice blast), and is of growing concern due to the recent introduction of wheat blast to Bangladesh from South America. However, the genetic structure and evolutionary history of M. oryzae, including the possible existence of cryptic phylogenetic species, remain poorly defined. Here, we use whole-genome sequence information for 76 M. oryzae isolates sampled from 12 grass and cereal genera to infer the population structure of M. oryzae and to reassess the species status of wheat-infecting populations of the fungus. Species recognition based on genealogical concordance, using published data or extracting previously used loci from genome assemblies, failed to confirm a prior assignment of wheat blast isolates to a new species (Pyricularia graminis-tritici). Inference of population subdivisions revealed multiple divergent lineages within M. oryzae, each preferentially associated with one host genus, suggesting incipient speciation following host shift or host range expansion. Analyses of gene flow, taking into account the possibility of incomplete lineage sorting, revealed that genetic exchanges have contributed to the makeup of multiple lineages within M. oryzae. These findings provide greater understanding of the ecoevolutionary factors that underlie the diversification of M. oryzae and highlight the practicality of genomic data for epidemiological surveillance in this important multihost pathogen. IMPORTANCE Infection of novel hosts is a major route for disease emergence by pathogenic microorganisms. Understanding the evolutionary history of multihost pathogens is therefore important to better predict the likely spread and emergence of new diseases. Magnaporthe oryzae is a multihost fungus that causes serious cereal diseases, including the devastating rice blast disease and wheat blast, a cause of growing concern due to its recent spread from South America to Asia. Using whole-genome analysis of 76 fungal strains from different hosts, we have documented the divergence of M. oryzae into numerous lineages, each infecting a limited number of host species. Our analyses provide evidence that interlineage gene flow has contributed to the genetic makeup of multiple M. oryzae lineages within the same species. Plant health surveillance is therefore warranted to safeguard against disease emergence in regions where multiple lineages of the fungus are in contact with one another.

scholarly journals Gamma Radiated Wheat for Combating Devastating Blast Disease (Magnaporthe Oryzae Triticum) In Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD.Harun -Or-Rashid ◽  
M. Bahadur Meah ◽  
Md. Imtiaz Uddin ◽  
Sharif Ahmed ◽  
Md. Abul Kashem
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Prone Area

Wheat is a global food security crop, providing 20 percent of protein and calories consumed worldwide and up to 50 percent in developing countries. It is the second most important cereal next to rice in Bangladesh and playing an important role in attaining food security. But wheat is very susceptible to diseases that often place major biological constraints on production. In 2016, a new wheat disease called “blast” was identified by wheat scientists for the first time in Bangladesh. Wheat blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae triticum is causing enormous yield loss worldwide. At present, control of blast disease is a great challenge due to frequently introduction of new races of the pathogen. The present investigation focused on screening M2 population of gamma radiated wheat where four doses of radiations viz. 150 Gy, 200 Gy, 250 Gy, and 300 Gy were applied to the seeds of three wheat varieties viz. BARI Gom-25, BARI Gom-29 and BARI Gom-30 from a Cobalt 60 source (Gamma Chamber 5000). The irradiated seeds were sown in farmers’ fields of a wheat blast disease-prone area Chandbil, Meherpur Sadar. All the doses of irradiation showed a significant effect on incidence and severity of wheat blast disease in all three varieties. Among the treatments 200 Gy and 250 Gy reduced the disease effectively. Molecular detection of Magnaporthe oryzae triticum was also done using specific primer. The size of the band (350 bp) confirms the infection of M2 families by Magnaporthe oryzae triticum. Development of wheat blast resistant variety through irradiation could be a potential substitute to replace the available chemical control methods and it is described as eco-friendly, sustainable and nonhazardous strategy to reduce wheat yield loss due to blast disease.

scholarly journals Wheat blast disease: Bangladesh and global perspectives of blast resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-132
Author(s):  
M. Thoihidul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Rashid Arif ◽  
Lutful Hassan ◽  
Arif Hasan Khan Robin
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Blast Resistance ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Resistant Variety ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Blast Fungus ◽  
Wide Range

Fearsome wheat blast disease expanded its radius from Latin America to Bangladesh in 2016 with higher degrees of destruction efficiency. In 1985, Brazil was the first hotspot and consecutively Paraguay, Argentina, Bolivia were affected by the wheat blast fungus. Blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is under pyriculariaceae family with three-celled, pyriform, hyaline conidia. Not only wheat and rice are affected by the blast pathogen but also around 50 grass species can be affected and act as host, but the fungus pathotype is specific and distinct for each plant species. Morpho-biometrical analysis revealed similarity between the Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Tritici (MoT) strain of Bangladeshi and Brazil. Through extensive molecular genetics and genomics study unfolded five resistant genes, among those Rmg2, Rmg3, and Rmg7 lost viability but Rmg8 and RmgGR119 still have resistance. In addition, 2NS translocation from Aegilops ventricosa in wheat reports resistance against MoT. CIMMYT based Milan variety is regarded as a resistant variety and plant breeders are trying to develop new resistant varieties. But the main problem regarding blast pathogen is breakdown of resistance and evolving virulent races consecutively which is fueled by global warming. A wide range of molecular markers can potentially be used for blast resistance study. Utilization of medium to high-throughput markers like SSR, InDel and SNP gave pace in blast resistance study. Along with that, allele mining has potentiality for finding out source of resistance. In addition, gene pyramiding will play a vital role in introgression of multiple resistant genes into a superior wheat linage. In future, high-throughput marker technology along with cutting-edge gene editing technology will play a pivotal role. Furthermore, the collaborative research in Bangladesh indicates that international scientific community has taken wheat blast as a serious issue. J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 17(2): 122–132, June 2019

scholarly journals Oligomycins inhibit Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum and suppress wheat blast disease

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0233665
Author(s):  
Moutoshi Chakraborty ◽  
Nur Uddin Mahmud ◽  
Abu Naim Md. Muzahid ◽  
S. M. Fajle Rabby ◽  
Tofazzal Islam
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Wheat Blast

scholarly journals Oligomycins Inhibit Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum and suppress wheat blast disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moutoshi Chakraborty ◽  
Nur Uddin Mahmud ◽  
Abu Naim Md. Muzahid ◽  
S. M. Fajle Rabby ◽  
Tofazzal Islam
Keyword(s):  
Magnaporthe Oryzae ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Blast Disease ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Wheat Blast ◽  
Detached Leaves ◽  
Appressoria Formation

AbstractOligomycins are macrolide antibiotics, produced by Streptomyces spp., show biological activities to several microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, nematodes and peronosporomycetes. Conidiogenesis, germination of conidia and formation of appressoria are crucial for a successful disease cycle and pathogenicity of the filamentous fungal phytopathogen. The goal of this research was to evaluate the effects of two oligomycins, oligomycin B and oligomycin F along with a commercial fungicide Nativo® 75WG on hyphal growth, conidiogenesis, conidia germination, appressoria formation, and disease development of a worrisome wheat blast fungus, Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT) pathotype. Both oligomycins suppressed the growth of MoT mycelia depending on the dose. Between the two natural products, oligomycin F displayed the maximum inhibition of MoT hyphal growth accompanied by oligomycin B with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.005 and 0.05 μg/disk, respectively. The application of the compounds also completely halted the conidia formation in the MoT mycelia in agar medium. A further bioassay showed that these compounds significantly inhibited MoT conidia germination and induced lysis; if germinated, induced abnormal germ tube and suppressed appressoria formation. Interestingly, the application of these macrolides significantly inhibited wheat blast disease on detached leaves of wheat. This is a first report on the inhibition of mycelial growth, process of conidia formation, germination of conidia, morphological changes in germinated conidia, and suppression of blast disease of wheat by oligomycins from Streptomyces spp. A further study is needed to evaluate the mode of action and field trials of these natural compounds to consider them as biopesticides for controlling this devastating wheat killer.

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