scholarly journals Summer Cosmos – A Host of Cucumber mosaic virus

1970 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
MS Parvin ◽  
AM Akanda ◽  
AHMA Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Local Lesion ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
End Point ◽  
Thermal Inactivation Point

In order to identify the cause of virus disease-like symptoms developed naturally in Summer cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus) plants at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur campus, a study was conducted during March 2004 to August 2005. The natural symptoms in Summer cosmos were consisted of mosaic, yellowing, shoe-string and leaf curling along with severe stunting of the infected plants. The ailments were found to be sap transmissible. Gomphrena globosa and Chenopodium amaranticolor were found to be good local lesion hosts producing chlorotic local lesion in the inoculated plants. The virus isolates obtained from the infected G. globosa plant had wide host range including Amaranthaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Compositae, Cucurbitaceae, Ligominosae and Solanaceae. The dilution end point, thermal inactivation point and longevity in vitro were determined as 10-6, 65°C and 10 days, respectively. The host range test, dilution end point, thermal inactivation point and longevity in vitro suggested that the virus was identical to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) detected the virus as CMV. The results of the study revealed that the virus disease-like symptoms naturally manifested in summer cosmos plants was identified as CMV. Key words: Summer cosmos, CMV, virus identification. DOI = 10.3329/jard.v5i1.1463 J Agric Rural Dev 5(1&2), 84-93, June 2007

Centrosema mosaic: A new virus disease of Crotalaria SPP. in Papua and New Guinea

1962 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velsen RJ Van ◽  
NC Crowley
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Cuscuta Campestris ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Calopogonium Mucunoides ◽  
Thermal Inactivation Point

A study has been made of an undescribed virus disease which has been called Centrosema mosaic. Observations on its occurrence and symptoms, and data on its host range and modes of transmission are presented. The virus occurs naturally in the field on Crotalaria anagyroides H.U.K., C. goreensis Guill. & Perr., C. retusa L., C. mucronata Desv., Calopogonium mucunoides Desv., Centrosema pubescens Benth., and Desmodium distortum (Aubl.) Macbride. The host range appears to be restricted to the Leguminosae, and mainly to Crotalaria spp. The virus is mechanically transmissible, has a thermal inactivation point between 55 and 58°C, a dilution end-point of 1 in 2000, and a longevity in vitro of less than 6 hr. It is transmitted in a non-persistent manner by the aphids Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis craccivora (Koch), Myzus persicae (Sulz.), and Brachycaudus helichrysi (Kalt.) var. warei (Theob.) and by two species of plant bugs of the genus Nysius. It is readily transmitted by Cuscuta campestris Yuncker, but not by seed or soil.

scholarly journals Lavandula angustifolia Mill. as a natural host of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Kobyłko ◽  
Piotr Dańda ◽  
Beata Hasiów ◽  
Henryk Pospieszny ◽  
Natasza Borodynko
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Subgroup Ii ◽  
Thermal Inactivation Point ◽  
The Stability

Abstract A virus was isolated from Lavandula angustifolia Mill. plants exhibiting yellow mottling and distortion of leaves. After mechanical inoculation it induced in the major part of used test plants symptoms characteristic for Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Its standard properties regarding the stability in crude plant sap were as follows: longevity in vitro 1-2 days, thermal inactivation point 55-60°C, dilution end point log10minus 3 - 4. The virus reacted positive with diagnostic antiserum against CMV in DAS-ELISA test. RT-PCR reaction revealed similarity between the investigated isolate and the isolate of CMV from the Netherlands belonging to subgroup II. In the light of the foregoing facts the isolated pathogen can be identified as the Cucumber mosaic virus and Lavandula angustifolia may be regarded as its natural host.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF PROPERTIES OF A STRAIN OF TOBAMOVIRUS FROM MUCUNA PRURIENS

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
O. O. ODEDARA ◽  
A. C. ODEBODE ◽  
J. A. HUGHES
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Infected Leaf ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
End Point ◽  
The Family ◽  
Thermal Inactivation Point

A virus-infected leaf of Mucuna pruriens was collected and tested for an incidence of a virus through biological properties using various plant host range inoculation tests, longevity-in-vitro, dilution-end-point, thermal-inactivation point and electron microscopy. Results of host range inoculation tests showed the following plant species to be susceptible to the virus; Nicotiana tabacum, N. rustica, N. benthamiana, N. glutinosa, N. occidentalis, N. Sylvesris (Speg and Comes) and others. No plant in the family Convolvulacaee, Cucurbitaceae was found to be infected with the virus.  However Chenopodium quinoa and C. murale in the family Chenopodiaceae were infected with symptoms of mottling and necrotic lesions.  In the family Fabaceae, hybrid cowpea line TVu 76, IT84S – 2114 were infected with mosaic, leaf crinkling and severe leaf curl respectively. The virus had a dilution-end-point of 10-6-10-7, thermal-inactivation-point of 95°C in crude sap of TVu 76. The virus is of agricultural importance because of its incidence on seed coats of legumes which are freely exchanged between agricultural stakeholders.      

scholarly journals Biological and Physico-chemical Properties of Causal Agent of Virus Disease of Coccinia barteri (Hook. f.) Keay in Calabar, Cross River State

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
V. E. Uyoh ◽  
O. T. Umoh ◽  
A. T. Toby ◽  
O. M. Umoden
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Virus Concentration ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Thermal Inactivation Point

The physico-chemical properties of the causal agent of virus disease of Coccinia barteri (Hook. f.) Keay were studied. The virus causing the disease was characterized using diagnostic tools such as host range, longevity in vitro, thermal inactivation point, dilution endpoint and aphid transmission. The virus was mechanically transmitted from the natural host (C. barteri) to the healthy test plants in the green house. In the biological properties, the virus was successfully transmitted by Aphis spiraecola (obtained from Chromolaena odorata (L.) R. M. King & H. Rob.) from infected Cucumeropsis mannii Naudin to a healthy C. mannii in a non-persistent manner and had a narrow host range limited to the family Cucurbitaceae. In the physico-chemical properties based on crude sap with an unknown virus concentration, beyond which infectivity was lost. It was readily inactivated by heating to 35 – 65°C for 10 minutes in determination of thermal inactivation point. The virus had a longevity in vitro of between 4 – 5 days beyond which it was non-infectious. Symptoms induced by the virus were leaf cupping, mottle chlorosis, blisters, stunted growth, rugosity, leaf malformation and mosaic patterns.

scholarly journals A New Virus Disease of Papaya (Carica papaya) in Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-402
Author(s):  
José Adsuar
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Northwestern Part ◽  
The Family ◽  
Thermal Inactivation Point ◽  
The Town ◽  
Yellow Mottling

1. A mosaic virus disease of papaya (Carica papaya) causing yellow mottling, slight wrinkleness of the leaves, and oily spots on the stem but no extreme distortion and deformation of the leaves has been observed in the northwestern part of Puerto Rico near the town of Isabela. 2. The physical properties of the virus are: Thermal inactivation point, 60° C; dilution end-point, 1-100; and it is inactivated in about 72 hours at laboratory temperature (around 74° F.). The virus is not seed- nor soil-transmitted. 3. The virus has been transmitted mechanically thus far only to members of the family Cucurbitaceae belonging to the following genera: Cucumis, Luffa, Citrullus, Lagenaria and Melothria. It has not been possible to transmit mit the virus to plants of the following families: Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae, Phytolacaceae, Malvaceae, Balsaminaceae, Leguminoseae, Scrophulariaceae, Mimosaceae, and Cesalpinaceae. 4 Cross-protection tests have demonstrated that the Isabela mosaic and the Puerto Rican southern coast papaya mosaic viruses are related. 5. Preliminary experiments indicate that the Isabela mosaic virus may be transmitted by the nematode Trichodorus christiei. 6. The results of extensive inoculation trials have shown that Carica candamarcensis Hook, is resistant to the Isabela mosaic virus.

PROPERTIES OF A STRAIN OF CUCUMBER-MOSAIC VIRUS ISOLATED FROM PRUNUS HOSTS

1957 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Willison ◽  
M. Weintraub
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Datura Stramonium ◽  
Stone Fruit ◽  
Thermal Coefficient ◽  
Nicotiana Glutinosa ◽  
Thermal Inactivation Point

Some of the stone-fruit viruses that are transmissible only to cucumber and other cucurbits have occasionally been accompanied by a second virus that can be isolated by transfer to tobacco. This virus, herein called CMVP, appears to be latent in Prunus hosts, but induces symptoms in bean, cowpea, cucumber, Datura stramonium, Nicotiana glutinosa, petunia, tobacco, spinach, sugar beet, Swiss chard, and zinnia. CMVP has a small thermal coefficient, a thermal inactivation point between 65° and 70 °C, and a dilution end point between 10−3 and 10−4. It remains infective in expressed sap up to 96 hours at room temperature and for more than 6 days under refrigeration. It can be transmitted between cucumber and tobacco by Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae, in which it is nonpersistent. Spherical "virus particles" associated with CMVP are about 35 mμ in diameter. Tobacco plants infected with this virus are partially protected against cucumber mosaic virus but not against tobacco ring spot virus.In symptom expression and in some of its properties, CMVP resembles both alfalfa mosaic virus and cucumber mosaic virus. Its particle size and immunological reaction suggest that it is an atypical strain of the latter. It is considered not to be implicated in the etiology of cherry yellows and related stone-fruit viroses.

Tomato black-ring: a new virus disease

Parasitology ◽  
1946 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth M. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Black Ring ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Private Communication ◽  
Tomato Black Ring Virus ◽  
Initial Infection ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
Thermal Inactivation Point

A new virus disease of tomatoes is described for which the name tomato black-ring is suggested. The host range of the virus is wide but no insect vector has yet been identified. The longevity in vitro of the virus is 7 days or longer, the thermal inactivation point is about 58° C. and the concentration of the virus in the host plant is low. Tomato black-ring is essentially a disease of young plants which rapidly lose their symptoms if they survive the severe initial infection. The virus is carried without symptoms by a large number of miscellaneous plants.Note added in proof. In a private communication Kassanis has pointed out that the tomato black ring virus produces enations on the undersides of the leaves of cucumber. The writer has confirmed this but finds that the enations develop only in the greenhouse type of cucumber, never on the outdoor or ridge variety. The enations do not seem to develop under winter conditions.The writer's best thanks are due to Miss Margaret Short for her assistance in this work and to Dr Roy Markham for taking the photographs.

scholarly journals A Strain of Squash-Mosaic Virus and other Cucurbit Viruses Found in Puerto Rico, During 1958-62

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 141-153
Author(s):  
J. Enrique Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Watermelon Mosaic Virus ◽  
Virus Group ◽  
Severe Strain ◽  
Group 2

1. A virus causing mottle and blistering in leaves of Cucumis melo var. Smith Perfect was isolated from an experimental planting at Río Piedras, P.R., in 1958. Its host range, dilution end-point, thermal inactivation, resistance to freezing, and serological similarity with a severe strain of squash-mosaic virus from Wisconsin (SSV) indicated that it belonged in the squash-mosaic virus group. 2. The studies reported above, as well as tests performed on samples from commercial and experimental cucurbit plantings in Puerto Rico during 1960-62, show that at least three cucurbit viruses are present in Puerto Rico. These are: Cucumber-mosaic virus, squash-mosaic virus, and watermelon-mosaic virus.

scholarly journals Occurrence, Distribution and Properties of Alfalfa Mosaic Virus

2002 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
A.D. Zadjaii ◽  
A.R. Matrooshi ◽  
S.M. Moghal
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Ammi Majus ◽  
Thermal Inactivation Point ◽  
Heliotropium Europaeum

Alfalfa Mosaic Virus (AlflMV) was recorded on 21 hosts comprising of four field crops, 14 vegetables, one ornamental plant and two new weed species (Heliotropium europaeum and Ammi majus) belonging to nine families. The virus was identified and confirmed on the basis of its biological, serological (ELISA) and physical properties. The leaves, stem and crown from systemically infected alfalfa plant contained high concentration of the virus. It was nonpersistently transmitted by cotton aphids (Aphis gossypii). The wide host range, including virus reservoirs, seed-borne infection and insect transmission account for high incidence and distribution of AlfMV in the country. The virus isolate had a dilution end point between 1 x 10-3 to l x 10-4, 65-67 °C thermal inactivation point and a few days in-vitro longevity and appears to be similar to the AlfMV-S strain.  

scholarly journals Topical Application of Double-Stranded RNA Targeting 2b and CP Genes of Cucumber mosaic virus Protects Plants against Local and Systemic Viral Infection

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 963
Author(s):  
Maria C. Holeva ◽  
Athanasios Sklavounos ◽  
Rajendran Rajeswaran ◽  
Mikhail M. Pooggin ◽  
Andreas E. Voloudakis
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Topical Application ◽  
Plant Virus ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Double Stranded Rna

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a destructive plant virus with worldwide distribution and the broadest host range of any known plant virus, as well as a model plant virus for understanding plant–virus interactions. Since the discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) as a major antiviral defense, RNAi-based technologies have been developed for plant protection against viral diseases. In plants and animals, a key trigger of RNAi is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) processed by Dicer and Dicer-like (DCL) family proteins in small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). In the present study, dsRNAs for coat protein (CP) and 2b genes of CMV were produced in vitro and in vivo and applied onto tobacco plants representing a systemic solanaceous host as well as on a local host plant Chenopodium quinoa. Both dsRNA treatments protected plants from local and systemic infection with CMV, but not against infection with unrelated viruses, confirming sequence specificity of antiviral RNAi. Antiviral RNAi was effective when dsRNAs were applied simultaneously with or four days prior to CMV inoculation, but not four days post inoculation. In vivo-produced dsRNAs were more effective than the in vitro-produced; in treatments with in vivo dsRNAs, dsRNA-CP was more effective than dsRNA-2b, while the effects were opposite with in vitro dsRNAs. Illumina sequencing of small RNAs from in vivo dsRNA-CP treated and non-treated tobacco plants revealed that interference with CMV infection in systemic leaves coincides with strongly reduced accumulation of virus-derived 21- and 22-nucleotide (nt) siRNAs, likely generated by tobacco DCL4 and DCL2, respectively. While the 21-nt class of viral siRNAs was predominant in non-treated plants, 21-nt and 22-nt classes accumulated at almost equal (but low) levels in dsRNA treated plants, suggesting that dsRNA treatment may boost DCL2 activity. Taken together, our findings confirm the efficacy of topical application of dsRNA for plant protection against viruses and shed more light on the mechanism of antiviral RNAi.

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