scholarly journals Fire Risk Situation Analysis in the Nimtoli Area of Old Dhaka

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Masaba Tasneem Sahebi ◽  
Md Marufur Rahman ◽  
M Maksudur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Situation Analysis ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Mixed Use ◽  
Risk Situation ◽  
Fire Spreading ◽  
Electrical Cables

Assessment of the fire risk situation of Nimtali area by using eight indicators related to the fire source, fire spreading and evacuation during fire incidents was conducted. The results revealed that none of the buildings has emergency exits, fire protection measures, fire hydrant and provision of a fire drill. The area is densely populated. Most of the buildings are mixed-used and have no space in between. Electrical cables are haphazardly hanging from poles. Access roads are incredibly narrow. By analyzing eight indicators, it is found that the entire Nimtoli area is still at risk of fire hazard. Within Nimtoli, 32% area is at high risk, and 45% is at moderate risk of fire hazard. Proper fire safety measures and safety inspection, regular maintenance of utility lines, awareness about fire hazards among the dwellers, proper implementation of Bangladesh national building code (BNBC) and regulation of mixed-use of buildings can drastically reduce the fire risk in the urban area of Bangladesh. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 46(1): 91-102, June 2020

scholarly journals SOCIALIZATION OF FIRE MITIGATION IN DENSELY POPULATED AREA AT JATI SAMPURNA, BEKASI

ICCD ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 616-617
Author(s):  
Anjas Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Populated Area ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Fire Victims ◽  
Fire Mitigation ◽  
Special Rules ◽  
The City

During the first quarter of 2019, from January to March 2019 there were 45 fire incidents in the city of Bekasi with losses ranging from Rp. 2,365,000,000 (based on data from the Bekasi City fire dept Service). From 45 events in the city of Bekasi, 3 of them occurred in Jatisampurna sub-district. Based on the type of object 45 events 15 of which are residential houses.With the data above, it can be said that the risk of fire can cause material and immaterial losses and can also cause trauma to fire victims. The importance of knowledge and information on fire hazard mitigation and how mitigation measures against fire hazards need to be conveyed to people who live in densely populated areas where the risk of fire is quite large. Laws or regulations on fire are not yet widely owned by most regions, so there are no special rules that can be covered in relation to fire risk.

Methodology for assigning objects of protection to a certain risk category in the field of fire safety

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
Денис Валерьевич Зобков ◽  
Александр Алексеевич Порошин ◽  
Андрей Александрович Кондашов ◽  
Евгений Васильевич Бобринев ◽  
Елена Юрьевна Удавцова
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Risk Categories

Проанализирован международный опыт реформирования проверок соблюдения требований пожарной безопасности и внедрения риск-ориентированного подхода. Разработана модель отнесения объектов защиты к категориям риска в зависимости от вероятного причинения вреда, который рассчитывается исходя из количества погибших и травмированных при пожарах людей. Сформулированы критерии отнесения объектов защиты к категориям риска. Выполнен расчет категорий риска для групп объектов, однородных по группам экономической деятельности и классам функциональной пожарной опасности. Проведено сравнение с существующей классификацией объектов защиты по категориям риска. The international experience of reforming of fire safety compliance checks and implementing a risk-based approach is considered. There are presented methodological approaches to calculating the risk of causing harm (damage) in buildings (structures) as a result of fire for the purpose of assignment of buildings and structures according to risk categories as well as justification of the frequency of scheduled inspections at these facilities. There is calculated the probability of fire occurrence for a group of objects of protection that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes in order to assign objects of protection to certain risk categories. The social damage expressed in the death and injury of people as a result of fire is also calculated in order to assign objects of protection to certain risk categories. Classification of objects of protection according to the risk categories is performed using the indicator of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires. This indicator characterizes the degree of excess of the expected risk of negative consequences of fires for the corresponding group of objects of protection in relation to the value of the permissible risk of negative consequences of fire. The permissible risk of negative consequences of fires is calculated on the basis of statistical data, taking into account the value of the individual fire risk of exposure of critical values of fire hazards on person in buildings and structures. The criteria for assigning groups of objects of protection to the appropriate risk categories are formulated on the basis of formation of distribution of numerical values of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires. There are carried out the assessment of the severity of potential negative consequences of fires for objects of protection that are homogeneous by type of economic activity and functional fire hazard classes, and also the risk categories of the corresponding groups of objects are determined. The proposed classification of objects of protection according to risk categories is compared with the existing classification. The obtained results of calculations showed that scheduled inspections of objects of protection by the Federal state supervision bodies, depending on the assigned risk category and with corresponding frequency, have significant role in improving the level of fire safety of objects. The decrease in the intensity of scheduled inspections, at the same time, may lead to a corresponding decrease in the level of fire protection of objects.

scholarly journals Assessment of Fire Hazard on the Readymade Garment Industry in Chittagong City, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahidul Islam ◽  
Rafion Islam Roman
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Short Circuit ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Average Condition

The Readymade Garments (RMG) industries are in Bangladesh is the largest contributor to the national export earnings and second largest in GDP of the country. Starting from the late Seventies as minor as well as non-traditional sector with a negligible of exporting, the RMG sector has dramatically grown up a geometric progression over the few decades. Although the country has a glorious history of textile, cloths and clothing’s from the ancient period of time. At present, about 75% of the total exports of the country having from this sector and one of the principle key points of employment. Over the preceding decade, fire and fire hazard is the continual problem in the country’s readymade garments industries. Only in 2012 about 169 people died and huge people are injured because of fire hazards in RMGs. Considering this as a crucial problem, the study was carried out a geo-spatial analysis on Chittagong Export Processing Zone (CEPZ) and Baizid Industrial hub of Chittagong city, Bangladesh. The study was mainly done by primary field survey while secondary sources were also used in comparing and basement of analysis. There are two types of parameters (Hard and Soft Parameters) generally used to assess the fire hazard of readymade garments. The research has been done by adopting the soft parameter, as exit door locked, emergency exit in the factory, fire extinguisher etc. The Fire Risk Index has been developed on the basis of 19 soft parameters. In Chittagong EPZ area 25 garments factories have been surveyed instantly to observe the current status of fire risk for the lack of 19 parameters. Results show that in CEPZ area for 19 parameters the mean safety is 90.45% or 9.55% deviation from the standard. On the contrary, the average condition of 19 parameters is 80.29% fluctuation from the benchmark in the Baizid Industrial area though it is considered as good condition but nearest to the average. Electric short circuit is the prime cause of fire in CEPZ area and also in Baizid industrial hub. At the eleventh hour, it is found from the study that about 80% garments in Baizid Industrial area under in good condition which is (10-20) % deviation from ideal case. On the other hand in CEPZ area about 80% garments are fallen excellent condition, it is only 8% seen in Baizid area. The study also reveals that there is no garments in both area which is in poor or average condition or vulnerable to fire hazards but in Baizid it is about 20% garments are fallen average condition or nearly vulnerable. Before conducting the study, it is seemed that it will be found the garments will be more vulnerable to fire hazards but at the end of the day it is proved as erroneous, for the recurrence of fire hazards in the last few years they have raised the magnitude of fire safety in almost every cases and now the garments are more secured in case of fire hazards.

Assessment of safety measures against seismic and fire hazards in the University of Buner

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Syed Azmat Ali Shah ◽  
Waqas Ahmad ◽  
Shahzada Khan ◽  
Naqash Tayyab ◽  
Amjad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Risk ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
Existing Building ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Safety Compliance ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province ◽  
The University

Safety in schools and universities is essential to guarantee occupants' protection from natural and human-made hazards. An existing building hazard assessment provides the scope to understand the vulnerability situation and recommend safety measures. This study was conducted on buildings within the University of Buner located in the Buner district of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan. Two potential hazards earthquake and fire were considered. UN-Habitat Tools were used for the assessment of safety for multi hazards. To assess the seismic and fire hazards vulnerability, the university structures were assessed for four aspects: planning, architectural, structural and non-structural. It was identified that the building's safety compliance is only 43% as a whole and, in particular, 33% vulnerable to seismic risk and 27% susceptible to fire hazard and requires rehabilitation measures to build the resistance and resilience of the structure to guarantee the safety of the occupants.

scholarly journals Fire hazard in buildings: review, assessment and strategies for improving fire safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatesh Kodur ◽  
Puneet Kumar ◽  
Muhammad Masood Rafi
Keyword(s):  
Fire Protection ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Training Needs ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
And Training

Purpose The current fire protection measures in buildings do not account for all contemporary fire hazard issues, which has made fire safety a growing concern. Therefore, this paper aims to present a critical review of current fire protection measures and their applicability to address current challenges relating to fire hazards in buildings. Design/methodology/approach To overcome fire hazards in buildings, impact of fire hazards is also reviewed to set the context for fire protection measures. Based on the review, an integrated framework for mitigation of fire hazards is proposed. The proposed framework involves enhancement of fire safety in four key areas: fire protection features in buildings, regulation and enforcement, consumer awareness and technology and resources advancement. Detailed strategies on improving fire safety in buildings in these four key areas are presented, and future research and training needs are identified. Findings Current fire protection measures lead to an unquantified level of fire safety in buildings, provide minimal strategies to mitigate fire hazard and do not account for contemporary fire hazard issues. Implementing key measures that include reliable fire protection systems, proper regulation and enforcement of building code provisions, enhancement of public awareness and proper use of technology and resources is key to mitigating fire hazard in buildings. Major research and training required to improve fire safety in buildings include developing cost-effective fire suppression systems and rational fire design approaches, characterizing new materials and developing performance-based codes. Practical implications The proposed framework encompasses both prevention and management of fire hazard. To demonstrate the applicability of this framework in improving fire safety in buildings, major limitations of current fire protection measures are identified, and detailed strategies are provided to address these limitations using proposed fire safety framework. Social implications Fire represents a severe hazard in both developing and developed countries and poses significant threat to life, structure, property and environment. The proposed framework has social implications as it addresses some of the current challenges relating to fire hazard in buildings and will enhance overall fire safety. Originality/value The novelty of proposed framework lies in encompassing both prevention and management of fire hazard. This is unlike current fire safety improvement strategies, which focus only on improving fire protection features in buildings (i.e. managing impact of fire hazard) using performance-based codes. To demonstrate the applicability of this framework in improving fire safety in buildings, major limitations of current fire protection measures are identified and detailed strategies are provided to address these limitations using proposed fire safety framework. Special emphasis is given to cost-effectiveness of proposed strategies, and research and training needs for further enhancing building fire safety are identified.

scholarly journals Performance-Based Evaluation of Large Steel-Framed Structures in the Overall Fire Process

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Guoqing Zhu ◽  
Guowei Zhang ◽  
Guanglin Yuan ◽  
Qingtao Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Steel Structures ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Smoke Toxicity ◽  
Structural Collapse ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Performance Based Evaluation

This paper proposes a systematic analysis of fire hazards within an oversized steel-framed building that is taller and wider than usual, using a performance-based approach. We put forth both the method and the performance criteria for performance-based fire design of oversized steel-framed buildings and quantitatively evaluate the hazard factors (smoke temperature, smoke visibility, smoke toxicity, and structural collapse) in fire condition. FDS large eddy simulation and a modified temperature rise model of oversized steel structures were proposed for the quantitative analysis of hazard factors. Furthermore, we also studied evacuation process from oversized buildings and found that the Pathfinder model (developed based on water conservation model and behavior model) can accurately predict the evacuation process from oversized buildings based on our experimental study of an evacuation from a stadium. By comparing the time of occurrence of fire hazard factors (smoke temperature, smoke visibility, smoke toxicity, and structural collapse) and the time needed for safe evacuation, we could conduct a quantitative fire risk assessment on personal evacuation. And the time of occurrence of fire hazard factors can also provide a theoretical reference for emergency rescuers.

Experimental Study on Flame Behavior in Under-Ventilated Train Car

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. L. Wong ◽  
W. K. Chow ◽  
Y. W. Ng
Keyword(s):  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Mass Loss Rate ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Controlled Burning ◽  
Subway System ◽  
Closed Door ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Flame Behavior

In Hong Kong, the number of parallel traders has increased quickly within these years. Passengers bring not only handbags as planned for the subway system four decades ago. There are heavy luggage put in trolleys carried by parallel traders. Goods include milk powder, electronic devices, food and drinks. The increase in fire load will enhance the fire risk. Although the subway management limits the maximum allowable luggage to 23 kg, the combustible amount is still large in train cars. Heat release rate (HRR) is the most important parameter in fire hazard assessment. A 1:15 scale modeling test was carried out to find the HRR in a train car under limited ventilation with parallel goods in this paper. The goods were simulated by a propanol pool fire. HRR for six scenarios with all closed door to all opened door were studied. Mass loss rate of fuel, oxygen consumption, air velocity and fire duration were measured. Ventilation was provided by opening different numbers of doors of the train car. The train car fire can then be ventilation-controlled or fuel-controlled. The burning phenomena of fire in the train under limited ventilation including steady burning, oscillating fire and ghosting flame were studied. It was found that the fire size and duration depended mainly on ventilation when oxygen was very limited. When the amount of oxygen supply reached a critical value (the fire at the decay period with continuous supply of oxygen), the fire tended to be fuel-controlled. Burning characteristics of train fire under limited ventilation were also observed. They were different from fires burning in open area. Oscillating flame, ghosting flame and self-extinction were observed. Results are useful to assess fire hazards associated with parallel trading activities. Three repeated experiments on the captioned subject have been done with average results of all experiments presented.

scholarly journals Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment of Kathmandu Valley, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5369
Author(s):  
Rajesh Khatakho ◽  
Dipendra Gautam ◽  
Komal Raj Aryal ◽  
Vishnu Prasad Pandey ◽  
Rajesh Rupakhety ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Central Valley ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Hazard Risk ◽  
Urban Fire ◽  
Hazard Risk Assessment

Natural hazards are complex phenomena that can occur independently, simultaneously, or in a series as cascading events. For any particular region, numerous single hazard maps may not necessarily provide all information regarding impending hazards to the stakeholders for preparedness and planning. A multi-hazard map furnishes composite illustration of the natural hazards of varying magnitude, frequency, and spatial distribution. Thus, multi-hazard risk assessment is performed to depict the holistic natural hazards scenario of any particular region. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, multi-hazard risk assessments are rarely conducted in Nepal although multiple natural hazards strike the country almost every year. In this study, floods, landslides, earthquakes, and urban fire hazards are used to assess multi-hazard risk in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which is then integrated with the Geographical Information System (GIS). First, flood, landslide, earthquake, and urban fire hazard assessments are performed individually and then superimposed to obtain multi-hazard risk. Multi-hazard risk assessment of Kathmandu Valley is performed by pair-wise comparison of the four natural hazards. The sum of observations concludes that densely populated areas, old settlements, and the central valley have high to very high level of multi-hazard risk.

Fire Hazard Factors of Residential-Commercial Composite Buildings through Fire Hazard Cases

2012 ◽  
Vol 468-471 ◽  
pp. 1753-1757
Author(s):  
Yang Wei Shao ◽  
Shih Feng Kao ◽  
Neng Chun Yu ◽  
Yu Shiang Wu ◽  
Chi Jan Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Issues ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Professional Knowledge ◽  
Social Costs ◽  
Fire Prevention ◽  
Dense Population ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Emergency Exit ◽  
In Fire

Although meeting the regulations of the time, early buildings are prone to fire hazards, such as damages to the fire zones, changes of floor entrances and exits, locked emergency exit doors, blocking of entrances and exits by vehicles, increased fire sources, dense population in the buildings, due to insufficient professional knowledge and technology in fire prevention. Once a fire occurs, it can result in major casualties, serious loss of social costs, as well as environmental and social issues. This study investigated 17 major fire cases occurring in residential-commercial composite buildings in the last 20 years in Taiwan. The fire hazard factors were determined based on expert review. The findings can serve as a reference for fire agencies in promoting fire prevention.

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