A cross sectional study to assess the prevalence of malocclusion in 08-12 years old school age children of the selected urban & rural community of Bangladesh

Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion in school-age children from a selective area of the urban and rural community of Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 748 children aged 08-12 years old were examined from October 2019 to September 2020 in Sylhet Sardar Upazila, Bangladesh. Angle”s classification was used for recording molar relationship with malocclusion traits. The study participants were examined by disposable dental tools (calibrated probs and mirror) including torchlight. After the collection of all data, it was compiled and analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Windows version 23. Chi-square test was used for categorical variables. P values <0.05 were considered as statistically significant. Result: The prevalence of malocclusion in urban school-age children was 237(63.4%) and in rural 213(57.0%).In urban area, the prevalence of malocclusion was 109(58.3%) in boys and 128(68.4%) in girls group. The majority (70.5%) were found Angle’s class I in urban group and 148(69.5%) in rural. One forty three (60.3%) patients were found increased overbite with malocclusion in urban group and 124(58.2%) in rural. Angle’s class-I malocclusion and Increased overbite were the most commonly occurring malocclusion. Conclusion: Prevalence of malocclusion was more in urban school age children when compared with rural. Malocclusion was significantly more in girls than boys in both urban and rural area. Angle’s class-I malocclusion and Increased overbite were the most commonly occurring malocclusion of school age children from a selected urban and rural community of Bangladesh. Update Dent. Coll. j: 2021; 11(2): 10-15

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Factors Related to Behavior Handwashing Using Primary-School-Age Children's Soap on Rt's Covid-19 Pandemic. 008/Rw. 007 Bananas, Ciputat Timur in 2021

Muhammadiyah International Public Health and Medicine Proceeding ◽

10.53947/miphmp.v1i1.168 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1011-1020

Author(s):

Leandra Binar Ilyasa ◽

Andriyani Asmuni ◽

Nur Romdhona ◽

Ernyasih Ernyasih

Keyword(s):

School Children ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Age Children ◽

P Value ◽

School Age ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Role Of Parents

About 40% of the world's human population has no place in their homes to wash their hands with soap and water. The prevalence of handwashing behavior with soap for school children in Indonesia in 2018 was 46%. In 2018 the behavior of washing hands with soap in Banten Province in the group of school children was 44.5%. South Tangerang City has a prevalence of handwashing behavior with soap in school children in 2018 of 69.12%. This research was conducted to Factors Related to the Behavior of Washing Hands with Soap for Elementary School Age Children During the COVID-19 Pandemic at RT.008/RW.007 Pisangan, East Ciputat in 2021. Cross-sectional study design with 86 people as samples, the sampling done by total sampling technique. Data analysis used chi-square test (α = 0.05). Variables related to the handwashing behavior with soap are knowledge (p-value 0,038. OR= 3,4), facilities (p-value = 0,000. OR= 76,3), the role of parents (p-value = 0,005. OR= 4,5). While variables not related to handwashing behavior with soap are attitude (p-value = 0,132. OR = 8,1). Factors Related to the Behavior of Washing Hands with Soap at RT.008 RW.007 Pisangan, East Ciputat are knowledge, facilities, the role of parents. An active parental role is needed so that they can guide, teach and be an example for their children in good handwashing behavior with soap. There is a need for prevention actions such as the distribution of handwashing soap and pamphlets containing an invitation to wash hands and this activity is under the supervision of the Pisangan Health Center

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The Factors Influencing Bullying Actions At School-Age Children In Elementary School 63 Lubuk Basung

Jurnal Kesehatan ◽

10.35730/jk.v9i2.365 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 162

Author(s):

Sri Wahyu Ningsih ◽

Dian Sari

Keyword(s):

Sampling Technique ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

School Factors ◽

Chi Square ◽

Individual Factor ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

School Aged Children

Bullying is one of the most aggressive acts in the world. Previous research in Indonesia found that 7 of 10 children were exposed by violence in schools. Factors causing bullying need to be identified to prevent high bullying in schools. This research aims to determine the factors that influence bullying action include individual factors, family factors, peer factors, school factors and media factors in school-aged children. The type of this research was descriptive analytic with cross-sectional study approach. The population in this study were children of school age grade IV, V and VI. The total sample in this research were 94 students and the sampling technique was purposive sampling. The data collection tool in this research was the questionnaire. The statistical test used was the Chi-Square test. The result of bivariate data analysis shows that there is a significant correlation between individual factor (p= 0,0001), family factor (p = 0,0001), peer factor (p = 0,0001), school factor (p= 0,0001), media factor (p = 0,0001) with bullying in school-aged children. It is expected to the school to improve supervision and counseling to the students. Parents are expected to pay more attention to the activities doing by children and control the development of children.

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HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH IBU DENGAN KEMANDIRIAN ANAK USIA PRA SEKOLAH DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK KUNTUM CERIA AMBON

Jurnal Kesehatan Terpadu (Integrated Health Journal) ◽

10.32695/jkt.v10i1.27 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 21-29

Author(s):

Jacomina Anthonete Salakory ◽

Kariyadi Kariyadi ◽

Adolfina Bumbungan

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Test Results ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Processing Data ◽

Independent Test ◽

Mother And Child

Parenting mother is the ability of the mother to provide a time, concern and support against a child in order to be with the optimum growth and development, both physically, mentally, and social. The purpose of this research is to find out on parenting mother with independence of the pre-school age children in Taman Kanak-Kanak Kuntum Ceria Ambon. The kind of this study is correlational analytic research by using approach to cross sectional study. The samples as much as 77 of the respondents comprising the mother and child the age of a preschool, using a method total sampling. Collecting data obtained from charging questionnaires with the number of statement as much as 16 items. And the sheet observations a total of 15 items. The processing data to test Chi-square. Obtained a picture of parenting applied by the pre-school age in Taman Kanak-Kanak Kuntum Ceria Ambon most is parenting democratic. The level of independence children aged Midwestern obtained a picture that 87.7%f the child has been independent. Test results statistic Chi-square obtained value p= 0,865 means that there is no relationship parenting mother with the independence of the child. It is recommended to further research in order to be done the research against other variable that influence the independence of the child.

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Karakteristik dan Pengetahuan Ibu tentang Stimulasi Dini Berkaitan dengan Perkembangan Anak Usia Pra Sekolah

(JKG) JURNAL KEPERAWATAN GLOBAL ◽

10.37341/jkg.v5i1.103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 48-55

Author(s):

June Ririn Mbeo ◽

Lina Dewi Anggraeni

Keyword(s):

Family Environment ◽

Occupation Number ◽

Total Sample ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Early Stimulation ◽

Number Of Children

Background: Mother’s Characteristics and Knowledge About Early Stimulation Related To The Development of Pre-school Age Children. Children development is influenced by the importance of early stimulation, especially at the pre-school age. Stimulation depends on the people around the child that is parents and family environment. Stimulation is influenced by mother knowledge, age, education, occupation, number of children, and socioeconomic of the family. The purpose of this research was to know the relationship of mother’s characteristics and knowledge about early stimulation with the development of pre-school age children. Methods: The research method was quantitative, design cross-sectional study, used questionnaires. Sample was taken in total-sample, use statistical test of Chi-square and Kendall’s tau-c. Results: Show there is a relationship between the mother’s knowledge with development of children, and relationship between the mother’s occupation with the development of children. Conclusion: Mother’s knowledge is important in providing early stimulation, as well as other factors such as mother’s occupation. It is advisable to conduct counseling about early stimulation to improve mother’s knowledge.

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Pola Asuh Orangtua Berhubungan dengan Tingkat Keberhasilan Toilet Training pada Anak Usia Pra Sekolah

Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa ◽

10.26714/jkj.8.2.2020.217-222 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 217

Author(s):

Moomina Siauta ◽

Selpina Embuai

Keyword(s):

Parenting Style ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Toilet Training ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Training Success ◽

The Way

Kegagalan toilet training mengakibatkan anak tidak percaya diri, rendah diri, malu berhubungan sosial dengan temannya. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui hubungan pola asuh orang tua dengan tingkat keberhasilan toilet training pada anak usia pra-sekolah di TK Dharma Wanita Tunggul Wulung. Desain penelitian ini observasional analitik dengan pendekatan study cross sectional. Sampel diambil dengan menggunakan teknik purposif sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi sebanyak 35 responden. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan korelasi chi-square Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan responden yang menggunakan pola asuh demokratis sebanyak 71,4%, pola asuh permisif sebanyak 25,7%, pola asuh otoriter sebanyak 2.9%, pola asuh penelantar sebanyak 0%. Sedangkan untuk tingkat keberhasilan yang berhasil sebanyak 34,3%, cukup berhasil sebanyak 65,7%. Setelah dianalisis dengan korelasi chi-square diperoleh hasil nilai korelasi positif 0.403 dengan signifikansi α (0.034 < 0.050). Semakin ke arah pola asuh demokratis penerapan toilet training akan berhasil sedangkan semakin ke arah pola asuh penelantar penerapan toilet training kurang berhasil. Kata kunci: anak usia pra sekolah, pola asuh, toilet training PARENTING STYLE RELATED TO THE SUCCESS OF TOILET TRAINING IN PRE-SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN ABSTRACTTherefore parent building for independence of children is needed that was realized by toilet training. Toilet training’s failure can result the children in feeling inferior, unconscionable and ashamed to communicate friendliness. This research was aimed to know the relation between parent’s way of care with degree of toilet training success for children at pre-school age in TK Dharma Wanita Tunggul Malang. Design of this research was analytic observational using approach cross sectional study. Samples were selected using purposive sampling base on inclusive criterion as much as forty respondents. Data were collected using questioner then analysed with correlation of chi-square. From the result of research it was got that the respondent using the way of democratize care was 71,4%, the way of permissive care was 25,7%, the way of authoritative care was 2,9%, the way of neglect care was 0%. Whereas by degree success to success was 34,3%, enough success was 65,7%,. After analyzed using correlation of chi-square it was got positive correlation 0.403 with significance α (0.034 < 0.050). It can be concluded that there was significance relation between the parent’s way of care and degree of toilet training success for children in pre–school age at TK Dharma Wanita Tunggul Wulung Malang. The more democratic care the application of toilet training the more success while the more neglect care the application of toilet training the less success. Keywords: pre-school, the way of care, toilet training

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Factors related to anxiety before surgery in children in urological operating rooms

La Pediatria Medica e Chirurgica ◽

10.4081/pmc.2021.261 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 43 (s1) ◽

Author(s):

Erlis Kurniasari ◽

Nur Agustini

Keyword(s):

Children And Adolescents ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Operating Experience ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Preoperative Anxiety ◽

Capital City ◽

School Age Children ◽

School Age ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional

This study aimed to determine the factors associated with preoperative anxiety in school-age children and adolescents at one of top hospital in the capital city of Indonesia. This study used analytical cross-sectional study. The selection of respondents used proportional stratified random sampling with a total of 86 respondents consisting of 43 school age children and 43 adolescents. Data analysis employed was the Chi-Square and Independent TTest. The results showed that anxiety was being experienced by 54.7% of respondents. In this study, it was found that there was a significant relationship (p<α) among children anxiety before surgery and age, family presence, previous operating experience and patient waiting time. Meanwhile, there was no significant relationship between gender and anxiety level before surgery in children. The results of this study can be used as the basis and reference for the hospital in making policies regarding efforts to manage anxiety before surgery in children. Accordingly, nurses could make appropriate nursing care interventions in preoperative patients to overcome preoperative anxiety experienced by schoolage children and adolescents.

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The characteristics and risk factors of human papillomavirus infection: an outpatient population-based study in Changsha, Hunan

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94635-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bingsi Gao ◽

Yu-Ligh Liou ◽

Yang Yu ◽

Lingxiao Zou ◽

Waixing Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Hpv Infection ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hpv Dna ◽

Test Kit

AbstractThis cross-sectional study investigated the characteristics of cervical HPV infection in Changsha area and explored the influence of Candida vaginitis on this infection. From 11 August 2017 to 11 September 2018, 12,628 outpatient participants ranged from 19 to 84 years old were enrolled and analyzed. HPV DNA was amplified and tested by HPV GenoArray Test Kit. The vaginal ecology was detected by microscopic and biochemistry examinations. The diagnosis of Candida vaginitis was based on microscopic examination (spores, and/or hypha) and biochemical testing (galactosidase) for vaginal discharge by experts. Statistical analyses were performed using SAS 9.4. Continuous and categorical variables were analyzed by t-tests and by Chi-square tests, respectively. HPV infection risk factors were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. Of the total number of participants, 1753 were infected with HPV (13.88%). Females aged ≥ 40 to < 50 years constituted the largest population of HPV-infected females (31.26%). The top 5 HPV subtypes affecting this population of 1753 infected females were the following: HPV-52 (28.01%), HPV-58 (14.83%), CP8304 (11.47%), HPV-53 (10.84%), and HPV-39 (9.64%). Age (OR 1.01; 95% CI 1–1.01; P < 0.05) and alcohol consumption (OR 1.30; 95% CI 1.09–1.56; P < 0.01) were found to be risk factors for HPV infection. However, the presence of Candida in the vaginal flora was found to be a protective factor against HPV infection (OR 0.62; 95% CI 0.48–0.8; P < 0.001). Comparing with our previous study of 2016, we conclude that the subtype distribution of HPV infection is relatively constant in Changsha. Our data suggest a negative correlation between vaginal Candida and HPV, however, more radical HPV management is required in this area for perimenopausal women and those who regularly consume alcohol.

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Attitude towards online classes among school and college going students during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212600 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 3446

Author(s):

Saurav Kumar ◽

Shiv Prakash ◽

Mona Srivastava

Keyword(s):

Family Income ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Online Classes ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Academic Level ◽

College Going ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The aim of the study was to assess the attitude of the school and college-going students towards online classes. Methods: An online cross-sectional study was conducted on 228 school and college-going students fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria selected through purposive sampling methods. A semi-structured online questionnaire consisting of a socio-demographic questionnaire and Attitude towards online classes (ATOC) questionnaire was prepared by the researcher using Google form. The link of the questionnaire was sent to all the selected respondents through WhatsApp messages and emails. The data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS version 20 software. The reliability of the attitude questionnaire was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha test. The association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi-square tests. The comparison between variables was assessed using the students independent t-test.Results: More than half of the respondents (51.32%) were found with a positive attitude towards online classes. There was a significant association found between attitude towards online classes and socio-demographic variables such as age (p<0.05), academic level (p<0.05), and family income (p<0.01). The respondents who attended online classes (p<0.05), have technical knowledge (p<0.01), and got supported by their parents in the study (p<0.05) were found significantly high positive attitudes towards online classes. There was a significant difference found in the attitude of the respondents who faced psychological disturbances such as a decline in attention-concentration (p<0.05), irritation-anger (p<0.01), and tension (p<0.05) due to online classes.Conclusions: Although, online classes are more beneficial for the students and teachers in their academic activities during the lockdown period due to the COVID-19 pandemic but it can’t take place of traditional face-to-face classes.

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Relationship Between Undernutrition and Periodontal Diseases Among Yemen Population: a Cross-sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-132860/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Milad Al-kalisi ◽

Manal Al-Hajri ◽

Sarah Al-Rai

Keyword(s):

Periodontal Diseases ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Categorical Variables ◽

Fisher Exact Test ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Mean Values ◽

Khat Chewing ◽

Chi Square Test

Abstract Background: Undernutrition is an inadequate supply of energy and nutrients. Periodontal diseases (PDs) defined as a broad form of chronic inflammatory diseases of the gingiva, bone and ligaments supporting the teeth. This study aimed to reveal the effect of undernutrition, using body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level (Alb) on PDs and other risk factors as age, smoking and khat chewing. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the faculty of dentistry, Sana’a University. Of 1920 patients attended to clinics, only 229 matched the study criteria. Oral examination was performed to assess the periodontal clinical parameters measurements. BMI and Alb was measured. Statistical analysis was used to present the association between categorical variables was assessed using Chi square test and Fisher-Exact test. ANOVA was used to assess the differences in the mean values of the quantitative outcomes. Chi square test was used to evaluate the association between BMI and age, gender, occupation, education level, smoking, khat chewing as well as BMI with PDs. Results: Most of participants (58.5%) were males and most of the study sample (91.3%) was at the age group of (18-35). Among all subjects, (81.2%) of cases were diagnosed with gingivitis. (60.7%) of study participants were mildly undernourished according to BMI. (93%) of participants showed normal Alb level. Regarding to habits, only (18.2%) of patients were smokers and more than half of participants (59.4%) were khat chewers. Conclusion: There was a relationship between PDs and undernutrition which was obviously seen between gingivitis and mild undernutrition.

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Habit of tooth brushing with the dental caries incidence

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20183240 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (8) ◽

pp. 2606

Author(s):

Dwi Retnaningsih ◽

Rani Arinti

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Well Being ◽

Statistical Test ◽

Tooth Brushing ◽

School Age Children ◽

P Value ◽

School Age ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nonparametric Correlation

Background: Teeth and mouth are important parts that must be kept clean, because through these organs various germs can enter. In general, dental and oral hygiene was very important for the health and well-being of the human body because it can affect the function of mastication, speech and confidence.1 Dental caries was an infectious disease that damages tooth structure and can cause cavities. Children age under 12 years old who suffer from dental and oral diseases can be affect with student achievement in school. A preliminary study conducted at SDN 2 Ngabean was 7 out of 10 children with dental caries marked with cavities, accumulating plaque and black teeth.Methods: Quantitative research with Cross Sectional study design. The population in this study were all students of grade 4 and 5 SD Negeri 2 Ngabean Boja District Kendal District in the academic at June 2017 amounted to 80 students. Statistical test using Chi Square. Iinstrument used in this study was a questionnaire of 14 questions submitted to respondents using Likert scale type. The statistical test used was chi square nonparametric correlation because independent and dependent variables use ordinal and nominal scale.Results: Results of research obtained from 80 respondents in school-age children in SD Negeri 2 Ngabean showed that of respondents students who experience dental caries as many as 48 students (60.0%), while students who did not experience dental caries as many as 32 students (40.0%). Based on the result of chi square test it can be seen that p value = 0.000 (p value <α) or 0.000 <0.05 then Ho was rejected, and Ha accepted.Conclusions: There was a correlation of tooth brushing habit with the dental caries incidence of school age children at the elementary school state Ngabean 2 Boja District, Kendal Regency.

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