scholarly journals Anatomical study of the leaves and evaluation of the chemical composition of the volatile oils from Psidium guineense Swartz leaves and fruits

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e49110615929
Author(s):  
Fernando Yano Abrao ◽  
Henrique Marques da Costa ◽  
Tatiana de Sousa Fiuza ◽  
Camila Aline Romano ◽  
Heleno Dias Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Leaf Powder

Psidium guineense Swartz is a bush used in urinary tract diseases, diarrhea, and dysentery. The present study aims to perform the anatomical study of the leaves and evaluation of the chemical composition of the volatile oils from Psidium guineense Swartz leaves and fruits. The botanical material was collected in Hidrolândia, Goiás. Anatomical characterization and phytochemical screening of the leaves were performed by conventional methods. Leaf and fruit (green fruits, immature fruits, and ripe fruits) powders were submitted to hydrodistillation in the Clevenger apparatus and the identification of the chemical components of the volatile oils obtained was done by GC-MS. The leaf blade is hypoestomatic with paracytic and anisocytic stomata. Secretory cavities are observed in the central vein, mesophyll, petiole, and young stem. The powder moisture content was 7.4%. The total ash content of the leaf powder was 6.3% and the acid-insoluble ash content was 0.8%. The presence of tannins, flavonoids, and saponins in the leaves were identified. Leaves volatile oil’s majority compounds were 2Z,6E-farnesol (23.1-25.4%), α-copaene (17.7-20.3%), muurola-4,10(1.4) dien-1-β-ol (5.8-6.7%), epi-α-cadinol (5.5- 6.3%), and δ-Cadinene (5.0- 5.9%). Fruits volatile oil’s majority compounds were 2Z,6E-farnesol (31.9-41.4%), α-copaene (13.3-26.6%), δ-cadinene (5.4-9.8%), γ-himachalene (3.8-6.1%), and cubenol (2.6-6.1%). This is the first report on anatomical study of the leaves, and chemical composition of volatile oils from leaves and fruits of P. guineense collected in Hidrolândia, Goiás.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF HYPHAL AND SCLEROTIAL WALLS OF SCLEROTIUM ROLFSII SACC.

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Chet ◽  
Y. Henis ◽  
R. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Sclerotium Rolfsii ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Chemical Components

The chemical components of the sclerotial and hyphal walls of the fungus Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. are compared. Sclerotial walls contain a melanin-like pigment which is absent from hyphal walls. They are also higher in non-hydro-lyzable residue, in lipids, and in ash content. In both walls, glucose, mannose, and glucosamine are found after acid hydrolysis. Acid hydrolysates of sclerotial and hyphal walls contain 10 and 13 amino acids, respectively, L-arginine, L-serine, and L-proline being absent from sclerotial walls. The possible role of some of these components in the resistance of the sclerotia to biological and chemical degradation is discussed.

scholarly journals Ecological anatomy of Eugenia luschnathiana (O.Berg) Klotzsch ex B.D.Jacks. (Myrtaceae) leaves in the Restinga region, state of Ceara

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane de Oliveira Thomaz Lemos ◽  
Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de Lucena ◽  
Oriel Herrera Bonilla ◽  
Bruno Edson-Chaves ◽  
Marina Arruda de Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Bundle ◽  
Leaf Blade ◽  
The State ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Palisade And Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Secretory Cavities ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Sun And Shade ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Sun Leaves

Abstract Eugenia luschnathiana (O.Berg) Klotzsch ex B.D.Jacks. (Myrtaceae) species, commonly known as pitomba-da-baía, occurs in Restinga region in the state of Ceara and has medicinal potential. The present study aimed to characterize the anatomy of E. luschnathiana leaves in the rainy and dry seasons, as well as in the sun and shade in the Restinga region of Ceara, aiming to generate useful information to understand the adaptive value of morphoanatomic responses to the natural conditions of occurrence of the species. Collections were performed at the State Botanical Park of Ceara, and leaves were completely expanded and fixed in FAA70, being replaced by 70% ethanol after 24 h. Samples were submitted to standard plant anatomy methodologies in order to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the leaf blade and petiole structures. As a result, there were differences among sun and shade leaves, rain and dry. In relation to luminosity, most determinations were higher in sun leaves: trichome density and frequency; trichome scar frequency; stomatal frequency, stomatal index, length, width and area of stomata; thickness of leaf blade, mesophyll, cuticle, epidermis, palisade and spongy parenchyma; length and width of the central vein, area of the central vein vascular bundle, number of secretory cavities in the central vein; length and width of the petiole, area of the petiole vascular bundle; amount and area of secretory cavities in the petiole. In shade leaves, only the number of druses in the central vein and petiole were larger. Regarding seasonality, all determinations were higher in the rainy season, except for the length and width of the central vein; number of druses in the central vein and petiole; length of the petiole, area of the vascular bundle and secretory cavities of the petiole. Therefore, it could be concluded that E. luschnathiana has great acclimative capacity to conditions of intense luminosity and periods of water deficit.

scholarly journals Morphoanatomical study, seasonal variation, and larvicidal activity of volatile oils from the leaves of Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) O. Berg (Myrtaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e35610313412
Author(s):  
Henrique Margues da Costa ◽  
Tatiana de Sousa Fiuza ◽  
Heleno Dias Ferreira ◽  
Fernando Yano Abrao ◽  
Camila Aline Romano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Seasonal Variability ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Main Vein

The aim of this study was to perform from the morpho-anatomical study, physicochemical characterization, chemical composition, seasonal variability and larvicidal activity of the volatile oils of Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) O. Berg leaves. The botanical material was collected in Hidrolândia, Goiás. Morpho-anatomical characterization and phytochemical screening were performed by conventional methods. Leaf powders were submitted to hydrodistillation in the Clevenger apparatus and the identification of the chemical components of the volatile oils obtained was done by GC-MS. The larvicidal activity was carried out with third-stage larvae of the Aedes aegypti. The leaf blade, the main vein, and the young stem have a uni-stratified epidermis covered by a cuticle. The mesophyll and cortical parenchyma of the main vein and young stem have secretory cavities and idioblasts with crystals. The main rib contains a bicolateral bundle in an open arch. The young stem has a discontinuous band of sclerenchyma external to the phloem cells. Most volatile oil compounds are spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, α-macrocarpene, and z-caryophylleneIn phytochemical analysis, tannins, digitalis, flavonoids, and total phenols were detected. The content of volatile compounds was 7.36%, that of total ash was 1.77%, and that of mucilage was 3.52 ml. The volatile oil at the concentration used was inactive against Ae aegypti larvae. The present study contributes to the taxonomic knowledge of the species and provides parameters for quality control of the plant raw material. This work represents the first description of the chemical compounds and seasonal variability of volatile oils from C. pubescens leaves collected in Goiás state.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and seasonal variation of the volatile oils from Siparuna guianensis Aubl. leaves collected from Monte do Carmo, Tocantins

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. e30011124908
Author(s):  
Joaquim Aurélio Tomaz de Souza ◽  
Liliane de Sousa Silva ◽  
Camila Aline Romano ◽  
Luiz Carlos da Cunha ◽  
Jerônimo Raimundo Oliveira Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Rainfall Index ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Healing Agent ◽  
Index Rainfall

Siparuna guianensis Aubl., known as “negramina”, “capitu”, is a small tree used for headaches, colds, fevers, as a healing agent, insect, and tick repellents. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and seasonal variability of essential oils from the leaves of S. guianensis. Botanical material was collected in Monte do Carmo, Tocantins, Brazil. The powder from the leaves was submitted to hydrodistillation in a Clevenger apparatus, and the identification of the compounds was performed by GC-MS. In volatile oils, 21.32% to 55.44% of sesquiterpenes, 19.95 to 49.73% of oxygenated sesquiterpenes, 0.48 to 1.55% of oxygenated monoterpenes, 0 to 5.67% of monoterpene hydrocarbons were identified, 0 to 48.2% of other compounds. The major compounds were γ-muurolene (13.99 to 35.97%), Curzerene (7.22-19.15%), Curzerenone (7.3-18.13%), 2-undecanone (3.99- 10.63%). The presence of two clusters was verified: cluster I, discriminated by the compounds Curzerenone, β-selinene, δ-elemene, corresponding to the months with the lowest index, and cluster II, discriminated by the β-burbonene, corresponding to the months with the highest index rainfall index. Comparing the present study with data from the literature, it is concluded that S. guianensis presents great chemical variability, which can be explained by genetic factors, seasonality, light, temperature, which can alter the production of metabolites. As S. guianensis has broad therapeutic potential as an antimicrobial and promising larvicidal activity, there is a need for agronomic studies to obtain specimens that require more interesting chemical components for the pharmaceutical industry. This study is the first carried out with oils from leaves collected in Monte do Carmo, Tocantins, Brazil.

scholarly journals Extraction And Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract And Simplicia of Moringa Leaf (Moringa Oleifera Lam.) From Sidikalang, North Sumatera

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 2072-2076
Author(s):  
Ricky Andi Syahputra ◽  
Ani Sutiani ◽  
Pasar Maulim Silitonga ◽  
Zulmai Rani ◽  
Amelia Kudadiri
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Leaf Powder ◽  
Water Soluble Extract

Moringa leaf is a plant that has many uses that comes from the family Moringaceae and it is a tropical plant that is familiar to Indonesian people. Pharmacologically, this plant extract is reported to have antimicrobial and fungicide and it is rich in antioxidants. This metabolite compound contained in Moringa leaves has the potential as an antioxidant, antibacterial, functional and others. This study aims to determine the simplicia characterization of Moringa leaves and to determine the secondary metabolites contained in Moringa leaves, both Moringa leaf powder and Moringa leaf extract. The method of this research is experimental including the simplicia making and ethanol extract of Moringa leaves by maceration method, simplicia characterization and phytochemical screening. The results of the simplicia characterization of Moringa leaves for ethanol soluble extract content was 10,9% and water-soluble extract content was 15,8%, ash content was 9,6% and acid insoluble ash content was 0,6% and water content was 8%. The results of this study also showed that the simplicia powder and ethanol extract of Moringa leaves contained flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid, steroid and saponin.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Ocimum canum Sims. and Ocimum selloi Benth.

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeferson C. Nascimento ◽  
Luiz C.A. Barbosa ◽  
Vanderlucia F. Paula ◽  
Jorge M. David ◽  
Renato Fontana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

This work describes the chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the volatile oils of Ocimum canum and Ocimum selloi, both occurring in Jequié/BA, northeastern Brazil. The plants were collected in the winter/2005 andsummer/2006, the oils extracted by steam distillation and further analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 30 and 31 compounds was identified from the oils of O. selloi and O. canum, respectively. It was observed that the oil content of O. canum showed variation during the seasons, while the oils of O. selloi did not. Methylchavicol and linalool were the main chemical components found in the aerial parts and leaves of O. canum. This finding permitted to characterize this specimen as a new chemotype of O. canum. Regarding the aerial parts of O. selloi, eugenol, 1,8-cineole, transcaryophyllene and linalool were identified as their major components. All extracted oils from the aerial parts showed biological activity against gram-positive cocci - Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 - but only the O. canum one showed activity against gram-negative bacilli - Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF BIOACTIVE VOLATILE OILS FROM SILENE VULGARIS L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiarash Afshar Pour Rezaeieh ◽  
Bunyamin Yildirim ◽  
Ahmet Metin Kumlay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Silene Vulgaris ◽  
Volatile Oils

scholarly journals The chemical composition of Lessonia berteroana (ex L. nigrescens) in kelp harvest management and open access areas near Coquimbo, Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-267
Author(s):  
J.M. Alonso Vega ◽  
Pedro H. Toledo
Keyword(s):  
Resource Management ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Open Access ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Optimal Harvesting ◽  
Harvest Management ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Pressure Indicators ◽  
Lessonia Berteroana

Lessonia berteroana (ex L. nigrescens) is kelp freely harvested from Open Access Areas (OAA), and to some extent controlled, from Management and Exploitation Areas for Benthic Resources (MEABR). Harvesting pressures can change population dynamics, mainly in OAAs. In particular, harvesting may alter the chemical components of plants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the harvesting effects on the chemical composition of L. berteroana from MEABR and OAA sampled during different seasons (spring and fall) and at two sites (Talquilla and Lagunillas) near Coquimbo (30°S), Chile. The crude protein (13.5 ± 1.0%), total lipids (0.9 ± 0.2%), crude fiber (16.3 ± 1.6%), ash (30.1 ± 1.5%), and nitrogen-free extract (39.2 ± 2.0%) contents of L. berteroana were within reference values for Laminariales species. Population descriptors and chemical analyses showed that harvesting had local effects, rather than being affected by a resource management strategy (OAA vs MEABR). The seasonal anticipator nature of L. berteroana may explain the detected seasonality of it's chemical composition. Regarding functional morphological structures, chemical composition in the fronds was more variable than in the stipes and perennial holdfast, probably since leaves are ephemeral structures susceptible to environmental changes and that play a functional, rather than structural, role in kelp. In the context of Chilean kelp resource management, monitoring chemical composition is useful for determining optimal harvesting periods to local scale and for deciding when commercially valuable compounds, such as alginate, should be extracted. These data also complement harvesting pressure indicators based on L. berteroana demographic parameters.

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