scholarly journals Inheritance of Special Productivity Characters by Hybrids F1 of Spring Triticale in the Conditions of the Vladimir Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
D. Zuev ◽  
A. Tyslenko
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Correct Selection ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Parental Form ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Ear Number

The main method of breeding spring hexaploid Triticale is intravariety hybridization. At the same time, the effectiveness of breeding work depends on the correct selection of parental forms for crosses. However, the parental forms show different combining ability according to selective characteristics. In this regard, selection is more effective if it is based on information about their inheritance obtained through genetic analysis. The purpose of the research is to study the nature of inheritance of the main characteristics of productivity of the main ear (number of spikelets per ear, number of grains per ear, weight of grain per ear, weight of 1000 grains) hybrids of spring triticale F1 in agroecological conditions of the Vladimir region. The material of the study was 20 reciprocal hybrid combinations of spring triticale in comparison with the parental forms. To create hybrids of the first generation, four varieties of domestic selection and one Belarusian with high indicators of economically valuable traits were involved in hybridization. A different degree of phenotypic dominance has been established, which determines the type of inheritance of quantitative signs of productivity of the main ear. Reciprocal F1 hybrids differed in the degree of dominance from depression (negative overdominance) to heterosis (positive overdominance). The heterosis effect depended on which parental form was taken for the maternal, and which for the paternal. Hybrid F1 combinations with a high degree of overdominance of the main characteristics of the productivity of the main ear are identified: Lotas × Norman, Norman × Lotas, Norman × Grebeschok, Amigo × Grebeschok, Amigo × Norman.

scholarly journals The study of the nature of the inheritance of quantitative traits in F1 hybrids of winter soft wheat

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00084
Author(s):  
Olga Antoshina ◽  
Julia Odnodushnova ◽  
Gennadiy Fadkin ◽  
Irina Kondakova ◽  
Olga Fedosova
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Intraspecific Hybridization ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Ear Number

In the conditions of the south of the Nonchernozem Zone, intraspecific hybridization of winter soft wheat was carried out. When selecting parental forms used in crossing, special attention was paid to such economically valuable traits as productive tilling capacity, the number of grains and the mass of grain per spike. The true (Htru) and hypothetical heterosis (Hhyp) on the basis of “plant height”, “length of the lower internode”, “length of the upper internode”, “general tilling capacity”, “productive tilling capacity”, “spike length”, “number of spikelets”, “number of grains” and “grain weight per spike” were determined. It was established that the inheritance of quantitative traits in hybrids of the first generation was distinguished by the complex nature of distribution by types. Studies have made possible to identify 5 hybrid combinations F1, in which the effect of heterosis manifests itself simultaneously on five quantitative characteristics (ear length, number of spikelets per ear, number of grains per ear, grain weight per ear, mass grain from a plant).

scholarly journals Productivity and Adaptive Properties of Spring Triticale in the Non-Chernozem Zone (Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 197-205
Author(s):  
A. Tyslenko ◽  
D. Zuev ◽  
S. Skatova
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Parental Form ◽  
Spring Triticale ◽  
Vladimir Region ◽  
Grain Crop

Spring triticale is a new grain crop created by the artificial crossing of winter rye with wheat. By productivity, biochemical qualities of grain, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses exceed the initial parental form. In this regard, it is in great demand in animal husbandry non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The purpose of the work is to identify the spring triticale varieties adapted to the climatic conditions of the Vladimir region. Evaluation of the breeding material was carried out according to the Methodology of state variety testing of agricultural crops. As a result of a four-year study of 14 zoned recognized varieties and promising numbers, it has been established that the formation of their yields occurs mainly due to the number of productive haulm stands, grains and productivity of the ear, with a thousand–kernel weight. The yield of feed grain varied from 2.30 t/ha to 6.16 t/ha, depending on the climatic conditions of the year. A high correlation was established between the yield and the structural elements of the ear — the number of grains in the ear (+0.60±0.12), the mass of grain from the ear (+ 0.56±10); medium — with a mass of 1000 grains (+0.46±16). Short-growing varieties Amore, Dorofeya and Amigo showed a maximum yield index of 43 — 46.1%. Varieties of spring triticale Norman, Dobroe, Dorofeya and promising numbers no. 35, T-396 was the most adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the zone and are recommended for cultivation in agricultural production.

scholarly journals HYBRID VIGOUR EFFECT IN SORGHUM SELECTION

2019 ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
O. P. Kibalnik
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Parental Form ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Dominant Genes ◽  
Inflorescence Length

The authors see application of hybrid vigour in the hybrids obtained on the basis of mother lines with cytoplasmic male sterility as a promising way of sorghum selection. The selection is aimed at increasing sorghum productivity. Hybrid vigour is observed in the first generation of hybrids which was caused by interaction among genes (dominance and epistasis) and additive effect of dominant genes. Its effect is weakened in further generations. The paper explores the effect of heterosis of F1 hybrids obtained on the basis of CMC lines with A1, A2, A3, A4, M-35-1A, 9E types of sterility and productive pollinator varieties which are resistant to biotic and abiotic factors in the region. The experiment was carried out on the pilot plots of Research and Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn “Rossorgo” in 2015-2016. The area of the plot was7.7 m2; frequency observed was three times; landfill location was random. The density of new hybrids, standards and parental forms was 100 thousand plants pro a hectare. The frequency of pure (superior to the superior parental form), hypothetical (superior to the average value of parental forms) and competitive (excess of the sign of hybrid F1 over the released hybrid) heterosis in terms of: plant height, inflorescence length, grain mass per panicle and 1000 grains, yield. Heterosis was more frequent in terms of plant height, inflorescence length, weight of 1000 grains, and less frequently (mainly in 2016) in terms of yield and weight of grain from a panicle. The authors indicate the prospective combinations of crosses with low effect of competitive heterosis in plant height and the highest yield as: A1 O-Yang 1/Avance, A1 O-Yang 1/Topaz, A3 Feterita 14/Mercury, A4 KP 70/Volzhskoe 4. These hybrids form the grain yield of 4.09-9.15 t/ha (2015-2016) and are characterized by the effect of competitive heterosis in2016 interms of grain yield from 2.1 to 71.4%. Hybrids A1 O-Yang 1/Volzhskoe 4 and A2 KVV 114/Avance differ in competitive heterosis by weight of 1000 grains (51.7-60.0%) and grains from one panicle (5.8-52.9%). The hybrids outlined are expected to be relevant for further tests.

Inheritance of Some Morphological Characteristics of Parental Lines in Mustard-Rape Hybrid

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Hybrid Plant ◽  
Distant Hybridization ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Row Width ◽  
The Difference

Distant hybridization is known to play an important role in expanding the gene pool of any crop. It is believed that the combination of different genomes in one nucleus, as a rule, is accompanied by the phenomenon of “genomic shock”, resulting in a variety of genetic and epigenetic changes. This provides a wealth of material for the selection of genotypes adapted to different environmental conditions. Interspecific hybrids in different combinations were obtained in the genus Brassica, however, until now, interest in distant hybridization in this genus has not died out, since such important crops as rapeseed and mustard demand an improvement of many important agronomic traits. The aim of this work was to study the degree of manifestation of morphological characters of a leaf, flower, and plant as a whole in the hybrid obtained by crossing of brown mustard of the variety Slavyanka and a collection specimen of spring rape. Seeds were sown in the spring of 2019 in a field with 30 cm row width. During the flowering period a number of morphological characters of a flower, leaf, and the whole plant were analyzed. Each parameter was evaluated with 10 plants. The degree of dominance in first-generation hybrid was calculated by the formula of Beil, Atkins (1965). The dominance coefficients were not determined in the case when the difference between the parental samples was insignificant. Differences between parental samples were determined by Student t-test. The level of heterosis was calculated according to the formula of Rasul et al (2002). In a mustard-rapeseed hybrid, the size of the leaves of the lower row was inherited by the type of rapeseed, which had larger leaves than mustard. The height of the hybrid plant was inherited by the type of mustard (hp = 1.32, Ht = 4.89%), and intermediate inheritance was observed for the length of the internodes (hp = -0.48). The size of the flower petals and sepals was inherited by the type of rapeseed, and significant heterosis was observed for the length of the pistil (Ht = 33.57%). The data obtained are of interest for understanding the interaction of genes of different genomes in the genus Brassica.

scholarly journals Combining Ability and Heterosis for Grain Yield and its Component Traits in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikrishna LATHA ◽  
Deepak SHARMA ◽  
Gulzar S. SANGHERA
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Standard Heterosis ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Yield Trials

The nature and magnitude of heterosis and combining ability was studied in 18 F1 hybrids involving three CMS lines and six testers using line × tester analysis. The analysis of variance for combining ability of all the traits showed that variances due to treatments, parents, hybrids were highly significant. The line ‘CRMS 32A’ and testers viz. ‘Super rice-8’, ‘R 1099-2569-1-1’ and ‘Jitpiti’ were identified as good general combiners. The significant differences between lines x testers interaction indicates that SCA attributed heavily in the expression of these traits and demonstrates the importance of dominance or non additive variances for all the traits. The hybrid ‘CRMS 32A’/‘R 1099-2569-1-1’ and ‘APMS 6A’/‘Super rice-8’ were promising for grain yield. The magnitude of relative heterosis, heterobeltiosis and standard heterosis were also estimated for different characters. A high degree of relative heterosis was observed for grain yield (20.45- 82.37%) in the hybrids viz., ‘CRMS 32A’/‘Super rice-8’, ‘APMS 6A’/‘Super rice-8’, ‘APMS 6A’/‘Jitpiti’ and ‘CRMS 32A’/‘R 1099-2569-1-1’. While, a higher degree of: heterobeltiosis (13.60 -68.37%) was observed for grain yield in the hybrids viz., ‘CRMS 32A’/‘Super rice-8’, ‘CRMS 32A’/‘R 1099-2569-1-1’, ‘APMS 6A’/’Super rice-8’ and ‘APMS 6A’/’Jitpiti’. A high degree of standard heterosis was observed for grain yield in the hybrid ‘CRMS 32A’/‘R 1099-2569-1-1’. The hybrid ‘CRMS 32A’/ ‘R 1099-2569-1-1’ recorded a high degree of relative heterosis (62.01%), heterobeltiosis (57.35%) and standard heterosis (15.05 and 25.51% over check hybrids, ‘Mahamaya’ and ‘Indirasona’, respectively) that can be tested on yield trials for its further testing over locations.

scholarly journals Unravelling the hybrid vigor in domestic equids: the effect of hybridization on bone shape variation and covariation

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Hanot ◽  
Anthony Herrel ◽  
Claude Guintard ◽  
Raphaël Cornette
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Morphological Integration ◽  
Hybrid Vigor ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Shape Variation ◽  
Locomotor System ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
Functional Mechanisms ◽  
Underlying Processes

Abstract Background Hybridization has been widely practiced in plant and animal breeding as a means to enhance the quality and fitness of the organisms. In domestic equids, this hybrid vigor takes the form of improved physical and physiological characteristics, notably for strength or endurance. Because the offspring of horse and donkey is generally sterile, this widely recognized vigor is expressed in the first generation (F1). However, in the absence of recombination between the two parental genomes, F1 hybrids can be expected to be phenotypically intermediate between their parents which could potentially restrict the possibilities of an increase in overall fitness. In this study, we examine the morphology of the main limb bones of domestic horses, donkeys and their hybrids to investigate the phenotypic impact of hybridization on the locomotor system. We explore bone shape variation and covariation to gain insights into the morphological and functional expressions of the hybrid vigor commonly described in domestic equids. Results Our data reveal the occurrence of transgressive effects on several bones in the F1 generation. The patterns of morphological integration further demonstrate that the developmental processes producing covariation are not disrupted by hybridization, contrary to functional ones. Conclusions These results suggest that an increase in overall fitness could be related to more flexibility in shape change in hybrids, except for the main forelimb long bones of which the morphology is strongly driven by muscle interactions. More broadly, this study illustrates the interest of investigating not only bone shape variation but also underlying processes, in order to contribute to better understanding how developmental and functional mechanisms are affected by hybridization.

scholarly journals Evaluation of onion samples (Allium cepa L.) of various origins in the foothill zone of the North Caucasus and creation of source material fo

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-64
Author(s):  
I. S. Mastyaev ◽  
A. F. Agafonov ◽  
L. V. Krivenkov
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
The North ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
High Yields

Relevance. The success of breeding work is largely determined by the source material, the search and creation of which for target breeding begins with the collection and study of collectible samples for the alignment of morphological features; for the precocity and amity of maturation; for the keeping quality and transportability of bulbs; for the quality of vegetable products (high content of biologically active substances and antioxidants); for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors of a specific growing zone.Materials and methods. On the basis of the North Caucasus branch FSBSI FSVC, 90 samples of spring onions from 26 countries of the world were evaluated in the number nursery for the period from 2017 to 2019, 71 of them were varieties and 19 were F1 hybrids. In a hybrid nursery, 25 hybrid combinations obtained from FSBSI FSVC (VNIISSOK) were evaluated. The laying and placement of experiments, agricultural techniques of cultivation, accounting and evaluation of economically valuable traits, biochemical analyses were carried out according to generally accepted methods. The standards are the new Primo and Ampex varieties of the selection of the FSBSI FSVC and the Italian F1 hybrid Ranko, which were placed every 10 collection samples.Results.According to the results of the assessment, among the studied F1 varieties and hybrids, sources of economically valuable traits such as yield (20-27 t/ha), precocity (80-90 days), preservation (more than 85%) when laid for long-term storage up to 7 months, purple, white and pink color of bulbs, as well as sources of long-shaped bulbs were identified. The greatest interest for breeding for yield is represented by 9 promising varieties and 9 F1 hybrids of onions of various origins, as well as 4 hybrid combinations that were distinguished by high yields, the yield of marketable products and the mass of marketable bulbs. These samples are recommended for use in the breeding process as sources for the creation of new varieties and hybrids with high yields for the agro-climatic conditions of the foothill zone of the North Caucasus.r breeding

scholarly journals Успадкування господарсько цінних ознак у гібридів F1 квасолі звичайної в умовах Лівобережної частини Лісостепу України

2013 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
С. І. Силенко ◽  
О. С. Силенко
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Lower Tier ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Доведено, що ступінь фенотипового домінування у гібридів F1 може варіювати від hp > +1 до hp < -1 залежно від компонентів схрещування. Встановлено, що переважна більшість гібридів F1 тривалість веґетаційного періоду та його міжфазних періодів успадковують за типами позитивного наддомінування та позитивним домінуванням. Успадкування висоти рослин відбувається за типами позитивного домінування, проміжного успадкування та за типом негативного домінування. Характер успадкування висоти прикріплення нижнього ярусу бобів у значній мірі визначається поєднанням батьківських компонентів. Так, у першому поколінні у гібридних комбінаціях спостерігається явище наддомінування. За ознаками урожайності та її елементів (урожайність насіння, маса насіння з рослини, маса 1000 насінин, кількість бобів на рослині, кількість насінин із рослини, кількість насінин у бобі) у всіх без виключення гібридів першого покоління спостерігався гетерозис. It was demonstrated that the degree of phenotypic predominance in F1 hybrids can vary from hp to hp < +1 > -1 depending on mating components. The vast majority of the F1 hybrids inherit the length of the growing season and its interphase by type of over& positive dominance. F1 hybrids inherit the height of plants by types of positive dominance, intermediate inheritance and negative domination. The height of the attachment of the lower tier of the beans is largely determined by a combination of parent components. Thus, in the first generation in hybrid combinations there is the phenomenon of over dominance. Due to the yield and its components (seed yield, seed mass per plant, 1000 seeds, number of beans per plant, number of seeds per plant, number of seeds per seedpod) in all first generation hybrids heterosis is observed.

scholarly journals Manifestation of tip burn on white cabbage hybrids of medium-late and late maturation

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-87
Author(s):  
S. V. Koroleva ◽  
N. B. Shulyak
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Calcium Deficiency ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Sunny Weather ◽  
Degree Of Damage ◽  
Late Maturation ◽  
High Degree

Relevance. The most complex and common physiological disease on the cabbage is a tip burn, associated with impaired Ca2 + transport inside the plant. Of all the ways to control this physiological disease, the most effective is the cultivation of tolerant hybrids. Material and methods.The aim of the research was to evaluate the mid-late and late ripening F1 hybrids of white cabbage for a tip burn and to determine the degree of hybrids responsiveness to calcium deficiency depending on weather conditions. The studies were carried out at breeding and experimental plot of the vegetable growing department at All-Russian Rice Research Institute in 2017-2019 on drip irrigation. Material - hybrid combinations of ARRRI breeding.Results. The manifestation of a physiological disturbance called “burn of the top of the inner leaves of the cabbage head” or “tip burn” on individual hybrids was observed during all years of cultivation, but to a different degree; The greatest damage to the heads was recorded in the years (2017 and 2019) with high productivity, which is due to the intensive assimilation ability against the background of warm sunny weather. In 2019, the manifestation of burns was noted in 25% of hybrids, which allowed them to be divided into 4 groups, depending on the degree of damage and the spread of the disease.It was established that hybrids with overmature standing for 2.5-3 weeks and also hybrids that were promptly removed at the time of mass technical ripeness had a high degree of damage. The lines that are most often found in hybrid combinations with signs of burns (269-824, Agr1321, 269Jas13, Byum112, Yas25, etc.) were identified, but it is rather difficult to assume the nature of inheritance, and, therefore, to develop the principle of pair selection when developing relatively stable hybrids also not yet possible.

scholarly journals Improvement of methods of creating hybrids of cabbage

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna I. Mineykina ◽  
Lyudmila L. Bondareva ◽  
Darya V. Shumilina ◽  
Elena A. Domblides ◽  
Alexey V. Soldatenko
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Isolated Microspores ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Complete Diallel Cross ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Pure Lines

Relevance One of the basic directions of the cabbage crop breeding is the creation of F1 hybrids with a complex of economically valuable traits. This process is difficult and time-consuming as to get pure lines must be within 6-12 years hold inbreeding. Herewith not every line gives the desired heterotic effect that also requires additional verification. Methods Biotechnological method culture of isolated microspores in vitro, which allows in the first generation to receive a line with 100% homozygosity, was used to speed up the breeding process. Combination ability were performed in complete diallel cross on the basic morphological signs. Results Culture medium for cultivation of isolated microspores in vitro was optimized for each genotype of cabbage for the best embryoids regeneration. Maximum amount of embryoids was received on medium with pH 6.2 using ampicillin 100 mg/l and zeatin 1 mg/l: 466.7 ± 153.2 PCs/100 buds. A new source material for breeding – doubled haploid lines of cabbage was received. Lines – the best parents for F1 hybrids with high yield, compact rosette of leaves, with optimum inside and short outside cabbage stump was created. Studies have shown that optimization of breeding process in case of creation of pure lines of cabbage in 3 years with microspore culture requires to reduce the breeding process in 2 times.

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