scholarly journals Biomarkers of Neurodegenerative Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 341-353
Author(s):  
F. Yusupov ◽  
A. Yuldashev
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Less Invasive ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Detection Of Biomarkers

The proportion of neurodegenerative diseases among all neurological disorders is growing year after year. This is explained by the duration of the latency period and the manifestation of signs after the death of about 40–60% of neurons. According to WHO forecasts, neurodegenerative diseases will be the biggest problem in the healthcare system of the XXI century. Among them, the most acute can be considered Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Specific biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases (diseases: Alzheimer’s; Parkinson’s; Huntington’s) are discussed. Currently, the highest priority in neurology is the identification of specific biomarkers in the blood serum for each nosology. In medicine, less invasive, atraumatic methods are always encouraged, therefore, the detection of biomarkers in the blood has advantages over the detection in the cerebrospinal fluid, the production of which is more invasive. The review examines the biomarkers of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases.

scholarly journals The Study of Cerebrospinal Fluid microRNAs in Spinal Cord Injury and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Methodological Problems and Possible Solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Irina Baichurina ◽  
Victor Valiullin ◽  
Victoria James ◽  
Albert Rizvanov ◽  
Yana Mukhamedshina
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Rna Isolation ◽  
Cord Injury

Despite extensive research on neurological disorders, unanswered questions remain regarding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the course of these diseases, and the search continues for effective biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis, or therapeutic intervention. These questions are especially acute in the study of spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurodegenerative diseases. It is believed that the changes in gene expression associated with processes triggered by neurological disorders are the result of post-transcriptional gene regulation. microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression and, as such, are often looked to in the search for effective biomarkers. We propose that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is potentially a source of biomarkers since it is in direct contact with the central nervous system and therefore may contain biomarkers indicating neurodegeneration or damage to the brain and spinal cord. However, since the abundance of miRNAs in CSF is low, their isolation and detection is technically difficult. In this review, we evaluate the findings of recent studies of CSF miRNAs as biomarkers of spinal cord injury (SCI) and neurodegenerative diseases. We also summarize the current knowledge concerning the methods of studying miRNA in CSF, including RNA isolation and normalization of the data, highlighting the caveats of these approaches and possible solutions.

scholarly journals STUDY OF MACRO- AND MICROELEMENTS COMPOSITION IN THE BIOLOGICAL MEDIA, CLINICAL AND NEUROLOGICAL CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH CONSEQUENCES OF TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansur Aliev ◽  
Abdurakhmon Mamadaliev
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Glasgow Outcome Scale ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Biological Media ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this research was to investigate the macro- and microelements composition in the cerebrospinal fluid and in the blood serum of patients, with different consequences of TBI before and after complex treatment, with the use of endolumbal and intracystal introduction of ozone and pyracetam in dynamics.Macro- and microelements composition was investigated in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum of 83 patients. State of neurological disorders in patients evaluated by the Glasgow Outcome Scale was extended. Thus, positive changes may be noted in the metabolism of macro- and microelements in the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients who were treated according to our suggested methods – endolumbal introductions of nootropic ozone mixture and endocystal introductions of ozone. 

scholarly journals Long Non-coding RNAs Associated with Brain Disorders: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Abdolmaleki ◽  
Sevin Ferdowsi ◽  
Asadollah Asadi ◽  
Yassin Panahi
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Context: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are neurological disorders characterized by the degeneration of the central nervous system (CNS). Studies have examined interactions between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and functioning of the CNS in NDs. In this study, we summarized the role of different lncRNAs in most NDs. Methods: In this study, different papers published between years 2003 and 2020 were reviewed. Results: LncRNAs can play a significant role in the development of brain disorders. Conclusions: The dysregulation of lncRNAs has been shown to affect NDs such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson’s diseases (PD). In this review, we compiled recent findings related to the main lncRNAs associated with brain disorders.

scholarly journals Improved Bioavailability of Montelukast through a Novel Oral Mucoadhesive Film in Humans and Mice

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Johanna Michael ◽  
Diana Bessa de Sousa ◽  
Justin Conway ◽  
Erick Gonzalez-Labrada ◽  
Rodolphe Obeid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Preclinical Model ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Model Of Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure

The leukotriene receptor antagonist Montelukast (MTK) is an approved medication for the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis. The existing marketed tablet forms of MTK exhibit inconsistent uptake and bioavailability, which partially explains the presence of a significant proportion of MTK low- and non-responders in the population. Besides that, tablets are suboptimal formulations for patients suffering from dysphagia, for example, seen in patients with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, a disease with increasing interest in repurposing of MTK. This, and the need for an improved bioavailability, triggered us to reformulate MTK. Our aim was to develop a mucoadhesive MTK film with good safety and improved pharmacological features, i.e., an improved bioavailability profile in humans as well as in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. We tested dissolution of the MTK mucoadhesive film and assessed pharmacoexposure and kinetics after acute and chronic oral application in mice. Furthermore, we performed a Phase I analysis in humans, which included a comparison with the marketed tablet form as well as a quantitative analysis of the MTK levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. The novel MTK film demonstrated significantly improved bioavailability compared to the marketed tablet in the clinical Phase 1a study. Furthermore, there were measurable amounts of MTK present in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In mice, MTK was detected in serum and CSF after acute and chronic exposure in a dose-dependent manner. The mucoadhesive film of MTK represents a promising alternative for the tablet delivery. The oral film might lower the non-responder rate in patients with asthma and might be an interesting product for repurposing of MTK in other diseases. As we demonstrate Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB) penetrance in a preclinical model, as well as in a clinical study, the oral film of MTK might find its use as a therapeutic for acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases such as dementias and stroke.

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated neurofilament heavy protein concentrations in equine neurodegenerative diseases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. Edwards ◽  
Callum G. Donnelly ◽  
Stephen M. Reed ◽  
Stephanie Valberg ◽  
Munashe Chigerwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases

Detection of 14-3-3 brain protein in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with paraneoplastic neurological disorders

1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 774-777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Saiz ◽  
Francesc Graus ◽  
Josep Dalmau ◽  
Alex Pifarr� ◽  
Concepci� Mar�n ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Brain Protein ◽  
Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders

Multitarget therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: an opportunity or an illusion?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria João Matos
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Options ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Recent Information ◽  
Temporary Relief ◽  
Parkinson’S Diseases ◽  
Innovative Approaches

Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease are the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases and the leading causes of dementia worldwide. The etiology of these multifactorial pathologies is not completely known. The available therapeutic approaches can cause temporary relief of symptoms but cannot slow down their progression or cure them. Life-changing therapeutic solutions are urgently needed, as the number of people suffering from these pathologies has been increasing quickly over the last few decades. Several targets are being studied, and innovative approaches are being pursued to find new therapeutic options. This overview is focused on the most recent information regarding the paradigm of using multitarget compounds to treat both Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.

Evaluation of structural variations in the pituitary gland, hormonal status and laboratory markers of the central nervous system functioning in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Ekaterina A. Kondratyeva ◽  
Alina O. Ivanova ◽  
Maria I. Yarmolinskaya ◽  
Elena G. Potyomkina ◽  
Natalya V. Dryagina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Minimally Conscious State ◽  
Conscious State ◽  
Disorders Of Consciousness ◽  
Unresponsive Wakefulness Syndrome ◽  
Level Of Consciousness ◽  
Chronic Disorders ◽  
Minimally Conscious ◽  
Chronic Disorders Of Consciousness

BACKGROUND: Consciousness is the state of being awake and aware of oneself and the environment. The disorders of consciousness result from pathologies that impair awareness. The development of effective comprehensive personalized interventions contributing to the recovery of consciousness in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness is one of the most pressing and challenging tasks in modern rehabilitation. AIM: The aim of this study was to understand structural problems of the pituitary gland, blood levels of gonadotropins and melatonin as well as brain damage markers in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in patients with chronic disorders of consciousness and to analyze the levels of the above markers among different groups of patients depending on the level of impaired consciousness. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We examined 61 chronic disorders of consciousness patients and identified three groups depending on the level of consciousness including 24 patients with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, 24 patients with a minus minimally conscious state, and 13 patients with minimally conscious state plus. We performed magnetic resonance imaging of chiasmatic-sellar region and determined blood serum levels of follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones and melatonin, as well as urinary level of 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and the content of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), apoptosis antigen (APO-1), FasL, glutamate, and S100 protein in the blood serum and cerebrospinal fluid. RESULTS: The patients were examined in the age ranging from 15 to 61 years old. Patient groups were homogeneous by the level of consciousness in terms of age and duration of chronic disorders of consciousness by the time of examination. The patients did not differ in the pituitary volume regardless of the level of consciousness. No significant differences were found between the groups with different levels of consciousness when studying the levels of melatonin in the blood serum and its metabolite in the urine. A peak in melatonin secretion was detected at 3 a.m. in 54.5 % of the patients, which can be considered as a favorable prognostic marker for further recovery of consciousness. Hypogonadotropic ovarian failure was found in 34 % of the patients, with normogonadotropic ovarian failure in the remaining patients. Serum APO-1 and BDNF levels were significantly higher in patients with minimally conscious state relative to those with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome. Significantly lower levels of glutamate in the cerebrospinal fluid were detected in women with unresponsive wakefulness syndrome compared to patients with minimally conscious state. CONCLUSIONS: Further in-depth examination and accumulation of data on patients with chronic disorders of consciousness may provide an opportunity to identify highly informative markers for predicting outcomes and to develop new effective approaches to rehabilitation of consciousness in this category of patients.

The relationship between CSF and serum findings when diagnosed with syphilis

1935 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-138
Author(s):  
F. Каug
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Specific Reaction ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Positive Serum ◽  
The Relationship

The authors studied the question of whether a highly sensitive and strictly specific reaction of blood serum flocculation can be an auxiliary tool in assessing positive reactions of cerebrospinal fluid. A study of 1400 cases has proven that a positive serum flocculation reaction invariably accompanies a special colloidal reaction (Goldsolreaktion).

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