Post-war Reconstruction in Central America

Author(s):  
Patricia Ardón ◽  
Deborah Eade
Keyword(s):  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Paolo Rosasco ◽  
Leopoldo Sdino ◽  
Benedetta Sdino

Migratory flows which characterized European cities over the last decade have generated profound changes in the social and economic tissue causing a housing demand with its own characteristics. In Italy, such phenomenon is particularly evident, not only in terms of property demand by foreigner residents, but also as to the turnover produced in terms of volume. Immigration in Genoa manifested itself starting from the second post-war period through a considerable flow of people coming from South of Italy regions looking for an occupation in many state industries and companies in the city or the port. The phenomenon ceased in the ‘70s with the beginning of the deindustrialization and it has been substituted by foreign immigration coming from North Africa and Central America poorest countries. New residents settle in the urban units of Molo, Maddalena and Prè (Historic Centre) abandoned by traditional inhabitants and where the lower prices level makes the buildings more accessible to this specific demand, often characterized by reduced economic capacities. I flussi migratori che caratterizzano le città europee in questi ultimi decenni hanno generato profondi cambiamenti nel tessuto sociale ed economico causando una domanda abitativa con propri caratteri. In Italia, il fenomeno è particolarmente evidente, sia in termini di domanda di immobili da parte di residenti stranieri sia in termini di volumi di affari prodotti. Per la città di Genova il fenomeno dell’immigrazione si manifesta a partire dal secondo dopoguerra con un consistente flusso di soggetti provenienti dalle regioni del sud Italia in cerca di occupazione nelle molte industrie e aziende statali presenti in città e nel porto. Il fenomeno cessa negli anni ‘70 con l’inizio della deindustrializzazione e viene sostituito dall’immigrazione estera dagli stati più poveri del nord Africa e del Centro America. I nuovi residenti si insediano nei sestrieri del Molo, della Maddalena e di Prè (Centro Storico della città) ormai abbandonati dagli abitanti tradizionali e dove il basso livello dei prezzi rende più accessibili gli immobili da parte di questa specifica domanda spesso caratterizzata da ridotte capacità economiche


Significance Recent prosecutions and extraditions suggest that Central American countries are beginning to make progress in holding war criminals and human rights abusers to account. Nonetheless, prosecutions remain rare, and tend not to involve senior figures. More generally, civil war legacies have consequences for state institutions, crime rates and social cohesion. Impacts Governments will face increasing pressure to tackle corruption and improve security. Wartime loyalties will dictate public opinion on war crime cases, while strong vested interests will impede prosecutions. Issues of justice and impunity in Central America give an indication of problems that may arise in post-peace treaty Colombia.


2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Rohr

Group analytic therapy, supervision, and counselling are completely unknown in Guatemala, Central America. But after a long and devastating war, an internationally supported peace and reconciliation process offered the opportunity to introduce new methods into mental health services, to cope with the psycho-social effects of a traumatized society. This article describes difficulties that were connected with the establishment of group analytic supervision training in Guatemala, focusing on aspects of trauma that emerged in supervisory case work.


Author(s):  
Ana Patricia Rodríguez

Throughout the mid-20th and early 21st centuries, Central American writers, in and outside of the isthmus, have written in response to political and social violence and multiple forms of racial, economic, gendered, and other oppressions, while also seeking to produce alternative social imaginaries for the region and its peoples. Spanning the civil war and post-war periods and often writing from the space of prolonged and temporary diaspora as exiles, sojourners, and migrants, in their respective works, writers such as Claribel Alegría, Gioconda Belli, and Martivón Galindo have not only represented the most critical historical moments in the region but moreover transfigured the personal and collective social woundings of Central America into new signs and representations of the isthmus, often from other sites. Read together, their texts offer a gendered literary topography of war, deterritorialization, and reterritorialization and imagine other “geographies of identities” as suggested by Smadar Lavie and Ted Swedenburg for post-conflict, diasporic societies. These writers’ work is testament to the transformative and transfigurative power of women’s writing in the Central American transisthmus.


1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos M. Vilas

AbstractProspects for democratisation in those Central American countries that experienced revolutionary processes are discussed in the light of recurrent structural constraints – such as incipient structural differentiation, overwhelming poverty, dependence on foreign financial subsidies – and specific sociopolitical variations, i.e. uneven modernisation of traditional rule; tensions between the recent mobilisation of both ‘old’ and ‘new’ social actors, and political institutions and actors (such as parties, unions, parliaments, government and multilateral agencies) which in some cases lead to current social demobilisation and electoral apathy and in others prevent the effective uprooting of political violence; persistence of traditional authoritarian culture and its articulation to the new ingredients of the post-war political and socioeconomic setting.


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