Reflexiones sobre postmodernidad, anomia y crimen

2019 ◽  
pp. 151-186
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Social Thinking ◽  
Palabras Clave

Resumen: Este artículo va a indagar en los significados del crimen en los tiempos que corren. Lo que se pretende es partir de la observación del crimen para llegar a reflexionar no sólo sobre las condiciones hodiernas de coexistencia de los sujetos sino especialmente sobre su condición misma de existencia. El crimen será pensado en sus interconexiones con la exclusión social. Se va a trabajar con un enfoque crítico de la posmodernidad, que examina su nivel mucho más elevado y profundo de extracción de riqueza y expropiación de los sujetos, reflexionando así sobre su capacidad de alienarlos incluso de sí mismos. Se discutirá sobre la presencia de anomia en la posmodernidad y su instrumentalización para fines de control social. La teoría criminológica de la anomia de RobertK. Merton será analizada y se le propondrá una ampliación de interpretación. Palabras clave: crimen, exclusión social, anomia, posmodernidad, control social. Thinking about postmodernity, anomie and crime Summary:This article will investigate the meanings of crime at present times. From the observation of crime, will be thought about not only the hodiern conditions of coexistence of the subjects but especially about their condition of existence. Crime will be taken into consideration in its interconnections with social exclusion. It will be worked with a critical approach to postmodernism, which examines its much higher and deeper level of extraction of wealth and expropriation of subjects, with the propose to think about its ability to alienate them even from themselves. The presence of anomie in postmodernity and its instrumentalization for purposes of social control will be discussed. The criminological theory of the anomie of Robert K. Merton will be analyzed and an extension of its interpretation will be proposed. Keywords:crime, social exclusion, anomie, postmodernity, social control.

scholarly journals Social exclusion: re-examining its conceptual relevance to tackling inequality and social injustice

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 600-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clive Sealey
Keyword(s):  
Social Justice ◽  
Social Policy ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Social Injustice ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
It Value ◽  
Significant Difference

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to rationalise the continued conceptual utility of social exclusion, and in so doing addresses the prevailing question of what to do with it. This is relevant from social exclusion’s declining relevance in contemporary UK social policy and academia, where its consideration as a concept to explain disadvantage is being usurped by other concepts, both old and new. Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyses criticisms of limitations of social exclusion which have typically centred on the operationalisation of the concept, but the author will argue that there are distinctive operationalisation and conceptual strengths within social exclusion which make it value-added as a concept to explain disadvantage. Specifically, there will be an analysis of both New Labour’s and the present Coalition government’s conceptualisation of the term in policy in relation to work. Findings – The analysis highlights the significant difference that a focus on processes rather than outcomes of social exclusion can make to our understanding of inequality and social injustice, and locates this difference within an argument that social exclusion’s true applied capabilities for social justice requires a shift to a conceptualisation built on the processes that cause it in the first place. Originality/value – The paper acts as a rejoinder to prevailing theoretical and political thinking of the limited and diminishing value of social exclusion for tackling disadvantage. In particular, the paper shows how social exclusion can be conceptualised to provide a critical approach to tackling inequality and social injustice, and in doing so foregrounds the truly applied capabilities of social exclusion for transforming social justice.

scholarly journals Being Normal: Stigmatization of Lord’s Resistance Army Returnees as ‘Moral Experience’ in Post-war Northern Uganda

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Macdonald ◽  
Raphael Kerali
Keyword(s):  
Social Control ◽  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Moral Experience ◽  
Northern Uganda ◽  
Ethnographic Methods ◽  
Multiple Functions ◽  
Lord's Resistance Army ◽  
Post War ◽  
Lord’S Resistance Army

Abstract The literature on Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) returnees in Acholiland, northern Uganda tells us that those who returned from the rebel group are likely to experience stigma and social exclusion. While the term is deployed frequently, ‘stigma’ is not a well-developed concept and most of the evidence we have comes from accounts of returnees themselves. Focusing instead on the ‘stigmatizers’, this article theorizes stigmatization as part of the ‘moral experience’ of regulating post-war social repair. Through interview-based and ethnographic methods, it finds that stigmatization of LRA returnees takes many forms and serves multiple functions, calling into question whether this catch-all term actually obscures more than it illuminates. While stigmatization is usually practised as a form of ‘social control’, its function can be ‘reintegrative’ rather than purely exclusionary. Through the northern Uganda case study, this article seeks to advance conceptual and empirical understanding of the manifestations and functions of stigmatization in spaces of return, challenging the logic underpinning those interventions that seek to reduce it.

scholarly journals ¿PROLETARIADO SIN CABEZA O CUERPO SOCIAL DOMESTICADO? NOTAS PARA UNA LECTURA CRÍTICA DEL ENSAYO DE JOSÉ REVUELTAS

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 9-30
Author(s):  
Jaime Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
The State ◽  
Critical Reading ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Social Body ◽  
Louis Althusser ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Jose Revueltas ◽  
History Of

El presente texto es una aproximación crítica al Ensayo sobre un proletariado sin cabeza de José Revueltas. A partir de las indicaciones metodológicas heredadas por Louis Althusser en su tratamiento de El Capital y de las nociones de posición idealista y posición materialista, se reconstruye el contenido del Ensayo. En el interior de este, se denota la coexistencia de estas dos posiciones: la idealista que remite a una filosofía de la historia y la materialista, que aborda los problemas específicos de una coyuntura. Finalmente, se apuntala una lectura crítica, en donde la noción de “proletariado de cabeza” debe ser repensada en el conjunto de la historia del movimiento obrero en México y de su relación con el Estado. Las breves conclusiones sólo son pie para pensar el entramado en el que se juega la historia del marxismo.   Palabras clave: Revueltas, proletariado, idealismo, materialismo, El Capital.   PROLETARIATE WITHOUT HEAD OR DOMESTICATED SOCIAL BODY? NOTES FOR A CRITICAL READING OF ESSAY DE JOSÉ REVUELTAS   This text is a critical approach to José Revuelta's Essay on a headless proletariat. From the methodological indications inherited from Louis Althusser in his treatment of Das Kapital and the notions of idealist  and materialist position, this paper reconstructs the content of the Essay. In his interior, the coexistence of these two positions is denoted: the idealist that refers to a philosophy of history and the materialistic one, which addresses the specific problems of a conjuncture. Finally, underpinned in his critical reading, the notion of “head of the proletariat” rethink the history of the labour movement in Mexico and its relationship with the State. The brief conclusions are only foot to think about the framework, which played the history of Marxism.   Keywords: Revueltas, proletariat, idealism, materialism, The Capital.  

scholarly journals Reseña. El momento de la ciudadanía. Innovación social y gobernanza urbana

2021 ◽  
pp. 746
Author(s):  
Pablo Miguel Argudo
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Palabras Clave

Resumen: El momento de la ciudadanía es un interesante libro académico que analiza la emergencia de iniciativas de innovación social, surgidas en muchos municipios españoles, que buscan solucionar algunos problemas generados por las dinámicas de exclusión social, agravadas en el contexto de crisis económica de 2008, y a las que el Estado cada vez da respuesta con más dificultades. En esta reseña tratamos de hacer un breve repaso de las ideas que, en nuestra opinión, resultan más interesantes de la obra, respondiendo así a preguntas como: ¿cuáles son las dinámicas de exclusión social que fomentan la aparición de estas iniciativas de innovación social? ¿es el papel del Estado suficiente para hacerles frente? ¿las iniciativas trabajan al margen de las instituciones o con ayuda de estas? ¿qué influencia tiene ello en el éxito o fracaso de las iniciativas de innovación social?   Palabras clave: innovación social, exclusión social, municipalismo, gobernanza multinivel, ciudadanía.

scholarly journals A previsão do controle social pela participação nas políticas públicas: uma análise a partir dos documentos oficiais que tratam sobre a Educação AmbientalA prediction of social control by participation in public policies: an analysis from official documents that deal with Environmental EducationLa previsión del control social por la participación en las políticas públicas: un análisis a partir de los documentos oficiales que tratan sobre la Educación Ambiental

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 188-208
Author(s):  
Mateus Lopes da Silva ◽  
Vanessa Hernandez Caporlíngua
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Environmental Education ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
International Scope ◽  
The Social ◽  
Approach Theory ◽  
Investigación Cualitativa

Este artigo aborda a possibilidade do controle social por meio da participação nas políticas públicas socioambientais no Brasil e para tanto se examinam alguns documentos oficiais que tratam sobre a Educação Ambiental. Traz contribuição ao campo da Educação Ambiental porque se propõe a estabelecer relação entre controle social e Educação Ambiental a partir de documentos oficiais de âmbito nacional e internacional. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa, esteado por teoria de abordagem crítica, instrumentalizado por revisão bibliográfica e exame documental, que resultou na compreensão de que os documentos que tratam sobre a Educação Ambiental possibilitam o controle social por meio da participação nas políticas públicas socioambientais no Brasil e que os documentos oficiais que atribuem conteúdo à Educação Ambiental harmonizam-se com esta possibilidade. This article discusses the possibility of social control through participation in social and environmental public policies in Brazil and for this purpose we examine some official documents that deal with Environmental Education. It contributes to the field of Environmental Education because it proposes to establish a relationship between social control and Environmental Education from official documents of national and international scope. It is a qualitative research, based on a critical approach theory, instrumented by bibliographic review and documentary examination, which resulted in the understanding that the documents that deal with Environmental Education make possible the social control through the participation in social and environmental public policies in Brazil And that the official documents that attribute content to Environmental Education harmonize with this possibility. Este artículo aborda la posibilidad del control social a través de la participación en las políticas públicas socioambientales en Brasil y para tanto se examinan algunos documentos oficiales que tratan sobre la Educación Ambiental. Trae contribución al campo de la Educación Ambiental porque se propone a establecer relación entre control social y Educación Ambiental a partir de documentos oficiales de ámbito nacional e internacional. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, esteado por teoría de enfoque crítico, instrumentalizado por revisión bibliográfica y examen documental, que resultó en la comprensión de que los documentos que tratan sobre la Educación Ambiental posibilitan el control social por medio de la participación en las políticas públicas socioambientales en Brasil Y que los documentos oficiales que atribuyen contenido a la Educación Ambiental se armonizan con esta posibilidad.

scholarly journals The Intersection of Ageing and Social Exclusion

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-21
Author(s):  
Kieran Walsh ◽  
Thomas Scharf ◽  
Sofie Van Regenmortel ◽  
Anna Wanka
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Conceptual Knowledge ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Critical Approach

AbstractThis chapter introduces the topic of social exclusion in later life and presents a rationale for this edited volume. It will provide an overview of existing knowledge, focusing specifically on research deficits and the implications of these deficits for scientific study in the area, and for effective and implemental policy development. This chapter will outline the aim and objectives of the book in response to these deficits and will outline the book’s structure and the critical approach that is adopted for the volume, and that is rooted in state-of-the-art conceptual knowledge.

Reconnecting the King with his head: The fall and resurrection of the state in criminological theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Hallsworth ◽  
John Lea
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
State Power ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Criminological Theory ◽  
Postwar Period ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Penal Policy

This article examines the relation between criminology and the state in the postwar period. The article begins by looking at the role of the criminologist in the emerging welfare state. Here the state was regarded as benevolent, while the task of the criminologist was to help guide penal policy along benevolent lines. We then chart the development of a more critical approach to the state, now conceived as an authoritarian formation by critical theorists who no longer considered themselves insiders. We then trace a range of forces that worked to marginalise the state now increasingly viewed as irrelevant. These include the triumph of neoliberalism, the reception of Foucault’s work and globalisation theory on mainstream criminological thinking. We conclude by drawing attention to the reality of a post-welfare, neoliberal order, in which the state never went away, and profile recent attempts to theorise its nature. In the context of societies where state power is omnipresent in our lives, we suggest the time has now arrived when we need to reconnect the body of the King with his decapitated head.

scholarly journals La mirada de Pedro Vieira de Almeida a Le Corbusier: una visión desde Portugal en la segunda mitad del siglo XX

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiago Lopes Dias
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Le Corbusier ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
Critical Activity ◽  
Cultural Magazines ◽  
Siglo Xx

Resumen: Pedro Vieira de Almeida (Lisboa, 1933 – Matosinhos, 2011) es uno de los más importantes críticos y teóricos de la arquitectura en la segunda mitad del siglo XX en Portugal. En 1963, presenta en la Escuela de Bellas Artes de Oporto una tesis titulada “Ensayo sobre el espacio de la arquitectura”, influida por el pensamiento de Bruno Zevi. Hasta la Revolución de los Claveles (1974), va a compaginar su práctica profesional como arquitecto con una intensa actividad crítica ejercida sobre todo en periódicos y revistas culturales. Desde sus primeros trabajos se evidencia una notable capacidad de utilizar conceptos críticos innovadores en el análisis de obras de arquitectura, lo que será fundamental en sus estudios historicos desarrollados a lo largo de su vida, dados a conocer en publicaciones y exposiciones retrospectivas sobre arquitectos clave. Este ensayo propone una reflexión sobre el legado de Le Corbusier poniendo el aciento en algunos artículos de Vieira de Almeida escritos entre 1965 y 1970, así como en la investigación que ha llevado a cabo en los últimos años de su vida. Esta lectura diacrónica pone de relieve el papel central del maestro franco-suizo en la lectura crítica de Vieira de Almeida del racionalismo, a través de las nociones por él manejadas: “estructura crítica como condición base de la creación”, las vertientes poético-simbólica y mítica de la arquitectura o el concepto de carácter más instrumental de la “espesura”. Abstract: Pedro Vieira de Almeida (Lisbon, 1933 – Matosinhos, 2011) is one of the most prominent critics and theorists of architecture in the second half of the 20th century in Portugal. In 1963, he presented at the Oporto School of Fine Arts a thesis entitled “Essay on architectural space”, clearly influenced by the thoughts of Bruno Zevi. Until the Carnation Revolution (1974), he will combine his professional practice as an architect with an intense critical activity, developed mainly in newspapers and cultural magazines. Since his early work, a remarkable ability to use innovative concepts in the critical analysis of buildings have been put forth, with major consequences in his historiographical studies, developed throughout his life through publications or retrospective exhibitions on key architects. The following paper proposes a reflection on the legacy of Le Corbusier based on Vieira de Almeida’s theoretical work, linking some texts written between 1965 and 1970 with his research carried out in his last years of life. This diachronic study highlights the central role of Le Corbusier in Vieira de Almeida’s critical approach to rationalism, by means of notions as: “criticism as a basic condition of creation”, poetic-symbolic and mythical aspects of architecture, or the more instrumental concept of “thickness”.  Palabras clave: Crítica; Teoría; Pedagogía; Poética; Espesura; Ronchamp. Keywords: Critique; Theory; Pedagogy; Poetics; Thickness; Ronchamp DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.732

scholarly journals Prácticas y saberes en torno a la alimentación de los ciudadanos habitantes de calle en la localidad Mártires, Colombia

2014 ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Cepeda Bolívar ◽  
Fernanda Torres Gómez
Keyword(s):  
Social Exclusion ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Production Relations ◽  
Knowledge Practice ◽  
Ideological Background ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

RESUMEN La pobreza, la exclusión y la marginación social han contado con una historia particular en todas las ciudades y épocas del mundo. La ciudad como producto de la modernidad y Occidente han generado fenómenos de exclusión social a partir de las relaciones de producción inmersas en el capitalismo. La habitabilidad de calle hace que algunos individuos deban buscar su alimento en medio de las basuras, acudan a hogares de paso o generen múltiples estrategias para satisfacer esta necesidad. El presente artículo pretende evidenciar las prácticas y saberes en la alimentación de los ciudadanos habitantes de calle asistentes al Centro Ambulatorio “La Medalla Milagrosa” de la localidad Mártires en la ciudad de Bogotá, estableciendo un sustrato ideológico que rebasa el acto biológico de la alimentación; además de dar cuenta de las difíciles condiciones de acceso a alimentos por parte de la población; lo cual aumenta la vulneración de su dignidad, cuestionando el concepto de ciudadanía y el goce efectivo de derechos. Palabras clave: Habitabilidad de calle – Alimentación – Saberes – Prácticas - Políticas públicas - Derecho a la alimentación. Práticas e saberes em torno a alimentação dos cidadãos moradores da rua na localidade mártires colombia RESUMO A pobreza, a exclusão e a marginação social têm contado com uma história particular em todas as cidades e épocas do mundo. A cidade como produto da modernidade e Ocidente, tem gerado fenômenos de exclusão social a partir das relações de produção imersas no capitalismo. A habitabilidade da rua faz com que alguns indivíduos tenham que procurar seu alimento no meio do lixo, acudir a lares de passagem ou gerem diversas estratégias para satisfazer esta necessidade. O presente artigo pretende evidenciar as práticas e saberes na alimentação dos cidadãos moradores da rua assistentes ao Centro Ambulatório “A Medalha Milagrosa” da localidade Mártires, na cidade de Bogotá, estabelecendo um substrato ideológico que rebalsa o ato biológico da alimentação; além de dar conta das difíceis condições de acesso a alimentos por parte da população; o qual aumenta a vulneração de sua dignidade; questionando o conceito de cidadania e o goze efetivo de direitos. Palavras chave: Moradia na rua – Alimentação – Saberes – Práticas - Políticas públicas - Direito a alimentação. Practices and knowledge about nutrition of citizens on the streets in the town of martires ABSTRACT Poverty, social exclusion and marginalization have had a particular history in all cities and times of the world. The city as a product of modernity and the West world have led to social exclusion phenomena from production relations embedded into capitalism. The street living conditions have caused some individuals to seek their food in the garbage, go to residences for the homeless and develop multiple strategies to meet their needs. This article aims to demonstrate practices and knowledge about nutrition of citizens on the streets attending the community centre “La Medallita Milagrosa” from the town of Martires in the city of Bogota, establishing an ideological background an ideological background that goes beyond the biological act of feeding, in addition to accounting for the difficult conditions of access to food by the population, which increases the violation of their dignity, questioning the concept of citizenship and the enjoyment of rights. Keywords: Street Living Conditions- Nutrition - Knowledge - Practice - Public Policy - Right to Nutrition.     Artículo de reflexión producto de la revisión documental y la inmersión inicial con la población de la investigación: “SABORES Y SABERES DEL CIUDADANO HABITANTE DE CALLE”. Prácticas, saberes y diálogos en torno al consumo de alimentos y la mitigación del hambre en ciudadanos(as) habitantes de calle de la etapa de ciclo vital adultez principalmente del género masculino, beneficiarios del centro ambulatorio la Medalla Milagrosa de la localidad de los Mártires, realizada en la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca para optar por el título de Especialistas en promoción de la salud y Desarrollo Humano. 2012. Elaborado por: Juan Pablo Cepeda, Claudia Yolima Flórez y Adriana Montejo.

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