scholarly journals A microfluidic system for analysis of electrochemical processing using a highly sensitive optical fiber microcavity and a microfluidic system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Krześniak ◽  
Tomasz Gabler ◽  
Monika Janik ◽  
Marcin Koba ◽  
Martin Jönsson-Niedziółka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Static Conditions

Microfluidics provide unique possibilities to control tiny volumes of liquids and their composition. To effectively benefit from the advantages of microfluidic solutions they need to be supported by interrogation subsystems, at best also matching the miniature scale. In this work we combined with a microfluidic system a Microcavity in-line Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (µIMZI) induced in the side surface of a single-mode optical fiber using a femtosecond laser micromachining. The µIMZI shows capability for investigating optical properties of as small as picoliter volumes with an exceptionally high sensitivity. Here we report numerical analysis and experimental results that show that when the µIMZI is incorporated with the microfluidic system the measurements can be performed with sensitivity exceeding 14,000 nm/RIU which is similar to measurements done under static conditions. In a flow injection system we show that a certain amount of liquid and flow rate are required to effectively exchange the liquid in the microcavity, while orientation of the cavity versus the flow direction has a minor impact on the exchange. Finally, we have supported the system by band electrodes making it possible to induce redox reactions in the microchannel and optical detection of flowing products of the reactions. It has been found that thanks to the high sensitivity of the µIMZI the products of the reactions can be clearly detected both electrochemically and optically even when the only part of the flowing redox probe is oxidized at the band electrode. This work proves that the proposed solution may offer highly sensitive optical measurements, even when the chemical reactions are not effective in the whole volume of the system.

scholarly journals A microfluidic system for analysis of electrochemical processing using a highly sensitive optical fiber microcavity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Krześniak ◽  
Tomasz Gabler ◽  
Monika Janik ◽  
Marcin Koba ◽  
Martin Jönsson-Niedziółka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Static Conditions

Microfluidics provide unique possibilities to control tiny volumes of liquids and their composition. To effectively benefit from the advantages of microfluidic solutions they need to be supported by interrogation subsystems, at best also matching the miniature scale. In this work we combined with a microfluidic system a Microcavity in-line Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (µIMZI) induced in the side surface of a single-mode optical fiber using a femtosecond laser micromachining. The µIMZI shows capability for investigating optical properties of as small as picoliter volumes with an exceptionally high sensitivity. Here we report numerical analysis and experimental results that show that when the µIMZI is incorporated with the microfluidic system the measurements can be performed with sensitivity exceeding 14,000 nm/RIU which is similar to measurements done under static conditions. In a flow injection system we show that a certain amount of liquid and flow rate are required to effectively exchange the liquid in the microcavity, while orientation of the cavity versus the flow direction has a minor impact on the exchange. Finally, we have supported the system by band electrodes making it possible to induce redox reactions in the microchannel and optical detection of flowing products of the reactions. It has been found that thanks to the high sensitivity of the µIMZI the products of the reactions can be clearly detected both electrochemically and optically even when the only part of the flowing redox probe is oxidized at the band electrode. This work proves that the proposed solution may offer highly sensitive optical measurements, even when the chemical reactions are not effective in the whole volume of the system.

scholarly journals Electrochemistry in an Optical Fiber Microcavity - Optical Monitoring of Electrochemical Processes in Picoliter Volumes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Gabler ◽  
Andrzej Krześniak ◽  
Monika Janik ◽  
Anna Myśliwiec ◽  
Marcin Koba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Micromachining ◽  
Optical Readout ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electrochemical Phenomena

In this work, we demonstrate a novel method for multi-domain analysis of properties of analytes in volumes as small as picoliter, combining electrochemistry and optical measurements. A microcavity in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer (µIMZI) obtained in a standard single-mode optical fiber using femtosecond laser micromachining was able to accommodate a microelectrode and optically monitor electrochemical processes inside the fiber. The interferometer shows exceptional sensitivity to changes in optical properties of analytes in the microcavity. We show that the optical readout follows the electrochemical reactions. Here, the redox probe (ferrocenedimethanol) undergoing reactions of oxidation and reduction changes the optical properties of the analyte (refractive index and absorbance) that are monitored by the µIMZI. Measurements have been supported by numerical analysis of both optical and electrochemical phenomena. On top of a capability of the approach to perform analysis in microscale, the difference between oxidized and reduced forms in the near-infrared can be clearly measured using the µIMZI, which is hardly possible using other optical techniques. The proposed multi-domain concept is a promising approach for highly reliable and ultrasensitive chemo- and biosensing.

scholarly journals Electrochemistry in an Optical Fiber Microcavity - Optical Monitoring of Electrochemical Processes in Picoliter Volumes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Gabler ◽  
Andrzej Krześniak ◽  
Monika Janik ◽  
Anna Myśliwiec ◽  
Marcin Koba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Measurements ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Micromachining ◽  
Optical Readout ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Electrochemical Phenomena

In this work, we demonstrate a novel method for multi-domain analysis of properties of analytes in volumes as small as picoliter, combining electrochemistry and optical measurements. A microcavity in-line Mach-Zehnder interferometer (µIMZI) obtained in a standard single-mode optical fiber using femtosecond laser micromachining was able to accommodate a microelectrode and optically monitor electrochemical processes inside the fiber. The interferometer shows exceptional sensitivity to changes in optical properties of analytes in the microcavity. We show that the optical readout follows the electrochemical reactions. Here, the redox probe (ferrocenedimethanol) undergoing reactions of oxidation and reduction changes the optical properties of the analyte (refractive index and absorbance) that are monitored by the µIMZI. Measurements have been supported by numerical analysis of both optical and electrochemical phenomena. On top of a capability of the approach to perform analysis in microscale, the difference between oxidized and reduced forms in the near-infrared can be clearly measured using the µIMZI, which is hardly possible using other optical techniques. The proposed multi-domain concept is a promising approach for highly reliable and ultrasensitive chemo- and biosensing.

scholarly journals Enhancing Temperature Sensitivity of the Fabry–Perot Interferometer Sensor with Optimization of the Coating Thickness of Polystyrene

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tejaswi Tanaji Salunkhe ◽  
Dong Jun Lee ◽  
Ho Kyung Lee ◽  
Hyung Wook Choi ◽  
Sang Joon Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Coating Thickness ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Air Bubble ◽  
Edge Surface

The exploration of novel polymers for temperature sensing with high sensitivity has attracted tremendous research interest. Hence, we report a polystyrene-coated optical fiber temperature sensor with high sensitivity. To enhance the temperature sensitivity, flat, thin, smooth, and air bubble-free polystyrene was coated on the edge surface of a single-mode optical fiber, where the coating thickness was varied based on the solution concentration. Three thicknesses of the polystyrene layer were obtained as 2.0, 4.1, and 8.0 μm. The temperature sensor with 2.0 μm thick polystyrene exhibited the highest temperature sensitivity of 439.89 pm °C−1 in the temperature range of 25–100 °C. This could be attributed to the very uniform and thin coating of polystyrene, along with the reasonable coefficient of thermal expansion and thermo-optic coefficient of polystyrene. Overall, the experimental results proved the effectiveness of the proposed polystyrene-coated temperature sensor for accurate temperature measurement.

scholarly journals ZnO Composite Graphene Coating Micro-Fiber Interferometer for Ultraviolet Detection

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Shen ◽  
Xiaoshuang Dai ◽  
Daqing Zhang ◽  
Wenkang Wang ◽  
Yue Feng
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensor ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Ultraviolet Detection ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Detection Technology ◽  
Zno Nanosheets ◽  
Optical Fiber Sensing ◽  
Higher Sensitivity

A simple and reliable ultraviolet sensing method with high sensitivity is proposed. ZnO and ZnO composite graphene are successfully prepared by the hydrothermal method. The optical fiber sensor is fabricated by coating the single-mode-taper multimode-single-mode (STMS) with different shapes of ZnO. The effects of the sensitivity of ultraviolet sensors are further investigated. The results show that the sensor with ZnO nanosheets exhibits a higher sensitivity of 357.85 pm/nW·cm−2 for ultraviolet sensing ranging from 0 to 4 nW/cm2. The ultraviolet characteristic of STMS coated flake ZnO composite graphene has been demonstrated with a sensitivity of 427.76 pm/nW·cm−2. The combination of sensitive materials and optical fiber sensing technology provides a novel and convenient platform for ultraviolet detection technology.

scholarly journals Pengujian sensor fotodetektor sebagai alat ukur kadar gula pada larutan gula

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Alex Taufiqurrohman Zain
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Personal Computer ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Rapid Response ◽  
Single Mode Optical Fiber ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Selection Of

Photodiode is a type of photodetector. P-I-N (PIN) link photodiode was chosen in this study. This selection is based on high sensitivity and rapid response to any changes in light. BPW 34 type photodiode is used as a photodetector and RGB bright LED as its light source. The selection of RGB bright LEDs is based on its ability to automatically change the beam spectrum based on bit changes. As a medium for propagating light, a single mode optical fiber is used. In addition to designing hardware, this research also designs applications through Arduino IDE 1.0.4 and LabVIEW 2013 so that hardware can be controlled and displayed on a PC. As a microcontroller, the Arduino UNO module was used in this study. The results of this study indicate that the rays on the RGB bright LED can be controlled through the bit system on a PC (Personal Computer), and can bring up the measurement results of sugar content through a PC.

scholarly journals Liquid crystal cell with a tapered optical fiber as an active element to optical applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Joanna Ewa Moś ◽  
Karol Antoni Stasiewicz ◽  
Leszek Roman Jaroszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystal ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Fiber Optic ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Fiber Optic Sensors ◽  
Liquid Crystal Cell ◽  
Crystal Cell ◽  
Tapered Optical Fiber

The work describes the technology of a liquid crystal cell with a tapered optical fiber as an element providing light. The tapered optical fiber with the total optical loss of 0.22 ± 0.07 dB, the taper waist diameter of 15.5 ± 0.5 μm, and the elongation of 20.4 ± 0.3 mm has been used. The experimental results are presented for a liquid crystal cell filled with a mixture 1550* for parallel orientation of LC molecules to the cross section of the taper waist. Measurement results show the influence of the electrical field with voltage in the range of 0-200 V, without, as well as with different modulation for spectral characteristics. The sinusoidal and square signal shapes are used with a 1-10 Hz frequency range. Full Text: PDF ReferencesZ. Liu, H. Y. Tam, L. Htein, M. L.Vincent Tse, C. Lu, "Microstructured Optical Fiber Sensors", J. Lightwave Technol. 35, 16 (2017). CrossRef T. R. Wolinski, K. Szaniawska, S. Ertman1, P. Lesiak, A. W. Domański, R. Dabrowski, E. Nowinowski-Kruszelnicki, J. Wojcik "Influence of temperature and electrical fields on propagation properties of photonic liquid-crystal fibres", Meas. Sci. Technol. 17, 5 (2006). CrossRef K. Nielsen, D. Noordegraaf, T. Sørensen, A. Bjarklev,T. Hansen, "Selective filling of photonic crystal fibres", J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 7, 8 (2005). CrossRef A. A. Rifat, G. A. Mahdiraji, D. M. Chow, Y, Gang Shee, R. Ahmed, F. Rafiq, M Adikan, "Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor with Selective Analyte Channels and Graphene-Silver Deposited Core", Sensors 15, 5 (2015) CrossRef Y. Huang, Z.Tian, L.P. Sun, D. Sun, J.Li, Y.Ran, B.-O. Guan "High-sensitivity DNA biosensor based on optical fiber taper interferometer coated with conjugated polymer tentacle", Opt. Express 23, 21 (2015). CrossRef X. Wang, O. S. Wolfbeis, "The 2016 Annual Review Issue", Anal. Chem., 88, 1 (2016). CrossRef Ye Tian, W. Wang, N. Wu, X. Zou, X.Wang, "Tapered Optical Fiber Sensor for Label-Free Detection of Biomolecules", Sensors 11, 4 (2011). CrossRef O. Katsunari, Fundamentals of Optical Waveguides, (London, Academic Press, (2006). DirectLink A. K. Sharma, J. Rajan, B.D. Gupta, "Fiber-Optic Sensors Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance: A Comprehensive Review", IEEE Sensors Journal 7, 8 (2007). CrossRef C. Caucheteur, T. Guo, J. Albert, "Review of plasmonic fiber optic biochemical sensors: improving the limit of detection", Anal. Bioanal.Chem. 407, 14 (2015). CrossRef S. F. Silva L. Coelho, O. Frazão, J. L. Santos, F. X.r Malcata, "A Review of Palladium-Based Fiber-Optic Sensors for Molecular Hydrogen Detection", IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL 12, 1 (2012). CrossRef H. Waechter, J. Litman, A. H. Cheung, J. A. Barnes, H.P. Loock, "Chemical Sensing Using Fiber Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy", Sensors 10, 3 (2010). CrossRef S. Zhu, F. Pang, S. Huang, F.Zou, Y.Dong, T.Wang, "High sensitivity refractive index sensor based on adiabatic tapered optical fiber deposited with nanofilm by ALD", Opt. Express 23, 11 (2015). CrossRef L. Zhang, J. Lou, L. Tong, "Micro/nanofiber optical sensors", Photonics sensor 1, 1 (2011). CrossRef L.Tong, J. Lou, E. Mazur, "Single-mode guiding properties of subwavelength-diameter silica and silicon wire waveguides", Opt. Express 11, 6 (2004). CrossRef H. Moyyed, I. T. Leite, L. Coelho, J. L. Santos, D. Viegas, "Analysis of phase interrogated SPR fiber optic sensors with bimetallic layers", IEEE Sensors Journal 14, 10 (2014). CrossRef A. González-Cano, M. Cruz Navarette, Ó. Esteban, N. Diaz Herrera , "Plasmonic sensors based on doubly-deposited tapered optical fibers", Sensors 14, 3 (2014). CrossRef K. A. Stasiewicz, J.E. Moś, "Threshold temperature optical fibre sensors", Opt. Fiber Technol. 32, (2016). CrossRef L. Zhang, F. Gu, J. Lou, X. Yin, L. Tong, "Fast detection of humidity with a subwavelength-diameter fiber taper coated with gelatin film", Opt. Express 16, 17 (2008). CrossRef S.Zhu, F.Pang, S. Huang, F. Zou, Q. Guo, J. Wen, T. Wang, "High Sensitivity Refractometer Based on TiO2-Coated Adiabatic Tapered Optical Fiber via ALD Technology", Sensors 16, 8 (2016). CrossRef G.Brambilla, "Optical fibre nanowires and microwires: a review", J. Optics 12, 4 (2010) CrossRef M. Ahmad, L.L. Hench, "Effect of taper geometries and launch angle on evanescent wave penetration depth in optical fibers", Biosens. Bioelectron. 20, 7 (2005). CrossRef L.M. Blinov, Electrooptic Effects in Liquid Crystal Materials (New York, Springftianer, 1994). CrossRef L. Scolari, T.T. Alkeskjold, A. Bjarklev, "Tunable Gaussian filter based on tapered liquid crystal photonic bandgap fibre", Electron. Lett. 42, 22 (2006). CrossRef J. Moś, M. Florek, K. Garbat, K.A. Stasiewicz, N. Bennis, L.R. Jaroszewicz, "In-Line Tunable Nematic Liquid Crystal Fiber Optic Device", J. of Lightwave Technol. 36, 4 (2017). CrossRef J. Moś, K A Stasiewicz, K Garbat, P Morawiak, W Piecek, L R Jaroszewicz, "Tapered fiber liquid crystal hybrid broad band device", Phys. Scripta. 93, 12 (2018). CrossRef Ch. Veilleux, J. Lapierre, J. Bures, "Liquid-crystal-clad tapered fibers", Opt. Lett. 11, 11 (1986). CrossRef R. Dąbrowski, K. Garbat, S. Urban, T.R. Woliński, J. Dziaduszek, T. Ogrodnik, A,Siarkowska, "Low-birefringence liquid crystal mixtures for photonic liquid crystal fibres application", Liq. Cryst. 44, (2017). CrossRef S. Lacroix, R. J. Black, Ch. Veilleux, J. Lapierre, "Tapered single-mode fibers: external refractive-index dependence", Appl. Opt., 25, 15 (1986). CrossRef J.F. Henninot, D. Louvergneaux , N.Tabiryan, M. Warenghem, "Controlled Leakage of a Tapered Optical Fiber with Liquid Crystal Cladding", Mol. Cryst.and Liq.Cryst., 282, 1(1996). CrossRef

scholarly journals A Highly Sensitive Intensity-Modulated Optical Fiber Magnetic Field Sensor Based on the Magnetic Fluid and Multimode Interference

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Huang ◽  
Tingyun Wang ◽  
Chuanlu Deng ◽  
Xiaobei Zhang ◽  
Fufei Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Magnetic Fluid ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Magnetic Field Sensor ◽  
Modulation Method ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Field Sensor

Fiber-optic magnetic field sensing is an important method of magnetic field monitoring, which is essential for the safety of civil infrastructures, especially for power plant. We theoretically and experimentally demonstrated an optical fiber magnetic field sensor based on a single-mode-multimode-single-mode (SMS) structure immersed into the magnetic fluid (MF). The length of multimode section fiber is determined based on the self-image effect through the simulation. Due to variation characteristics of the refractive index and absorption coefficient of MF under different magnetic fields, an effective method to improve the sensitivity of SMS fiber structure is realized based on the intensity modulation method. This sensor shows a high sensitivity up to 0.097 dB/Oe and a high modulation depth up to 78% in a relatively linear range, for the no-core fiber (NCF) with the diameter of 125 μm and length of 59.8 mm as the multimode section. This optical fiber sensor possesses advantages of low cost, ease of fabrication, high sensitivity, simple structure, and compact size, with great potential applications in measuring the magnetic field.

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