scholarly journals Effect Of Liquid Rubbers On The Thermal And Adhesion Properties Of The Tire Skim Compound

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
Furkan Celtik ◽  
Enes Kilic ◽  
Mustafa Ozgur Bora ◽  
Ekrem Altuncu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Carboxyl Content ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Reaction Extent ◽  
And Migration

Polymeric textile cords, steel cords and steel cables are mainly reinforcing materials that are used in tire production. Polymeric textile cords such as Polyester (PEs), Nylon, Aramid and Rayon are commonly treated with bi-functional resorcinol formaldehyde latex (RFL) to obtain desired adhesion to rubber matrix. PEs cords are known as their poor adhesion to both RFL and rubber compounds due to limited reactivity on the surface and poor reaction extent between methylol and hydroxyl groups of RFL. Increasing carboxyl content on PEs surface or in the rubber compound is one of the best strategies to overcome this adhesion problem. Liquid rubbers, which can co-vulcanize with solid rubbers, are also strong alternatives of process oils with their excellent plasticizing effect without deterioration in mechanical properties of the resulting material. Co-vulcanization also improves the stability of this additive and prevents possible bleeding and migration during service life of the tire. In this study, carboxylated grafted liquid isoprene rubber has been incorporated to rubber compound to improve adhesion in PEs-RFL-Rubber ternary system. Rheological and dynamic-mechanical properties of reactive liquid rubber containing tire rubber compounds have been evaluated extensively, as well as H-adhesion behaviour of PEs cord-rubber composite matrix.

scholarly journals Use of waste materials in rubber matrix

2018 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 07009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Pajtášová ◽  
Zuzana Mičicová ◽  
Darina Ondrušová ◽  
Slavomíra Božeková ◽  
Róbert Janík ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Loss Modulus ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Waste Materials ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Loss Angle ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Tan Δ

The presented paper deals with the use of waste materials as ecological fillers into rubber matrix. Waste materials were used as partial replacement of the commercial filler – carbon black, designated as N339. These prepared rubber compounds were characterized on the basis of the rheology and vulcanization characteristics – minimum torque (ML), maximum torque (MH), optimum time of vulcanization (t(c90)), processing safety of compound (ts), rate coefficient of vulcanization (Rv). In the case of the prepared vulcanizates, physical-mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensibility and hardness) and dynamic-mechanical properties (storage modulus, loss modulus, loss angle tan δ) were investigated. Using the dependency of loss angle on temperature, the selected properties for tyre tread vulcanizates were evaluated, including traction on snow and ice, traction on the wet surface and rolling resistance.

Characterization of Snap-On Calf Nipple Product and Development of its Compound Formulation Based on Natural Rubber

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 282-287
Author(s):  
Sarawut Prasertsri ◽  
Sansanee Srichan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Rubber Component

This research aimed to develop the formulation of natural rubber filled with carbon black, silica and calcium carbonate for rubber calf nipple application. The reverse engineering was performed on the calf nipple product to analyze the rubber type and component by using Soxhlet extraction, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. Furthermore, mechanical properties were examined to act as benchmark for the rubber compound design. The results showed that rubber component in the nipple product was natural rubber, whereas two filler types revealed as carbon black and calcium carbonate with 10 and 35 of the total weight. In addition, rubber nipple showed the hardness of 46±1 Shore A and tensile strength of 5.3±0.60 MPa. From the investigation of the properties of developed rubber compounds in this work, it was found that the mechanical properties depended on type and content of filler. The required mechanical properties of vulcanizates were achieved at 20 phr of carbon black (N330), 20 phr of silica and 120 phr of calcium carbonate.

Mechanical and Dynamic Properties of Silica-Filled Rubber Compounds

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 475-478
Author(s):  
Watcharin Rassamee ◽  
Woothichai Thaijaroen ◽  
Thirawudh Pongprayoon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Rolling Resistance ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Silane Coupling ◽  
Unmodified Silica ◽  
Tan Δ ◽  
Wet Grip

Natural rubber compound using different silicas, including unmodified silica, admicellar-modified silica and silica with silane coupling agent, were studied. The properties including cure characteristics, mechanical properties and dynamic properties were examined with the comparison of three compounds. The results show that cure characteristics of admicellar silica/rubber compound (Ad-Si/R) was shorter than those of unmodified silica/rubber compound (Un-Si/R) and silane coupling silica/rubber compound (Sil-Si/R). Mechanical properties of Ad-Si/R and Sil-Si/R were better than those of Un-Si/R. In addition, wet grip and rolling resistance analyzed from tan δ (5 Hz) at 0°C and 60°C, respectively, by DMA were found that the wet grip of Ad-Si/R was the best, whereas the rolling resistance of Sil-Si/R was the best, in the comparison.

Morphology and Mechanical Properties of NiZn Ferrite/Thermoplastic Natural Rubber Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 925 ◽  
pp. 308-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mou'ad A. Tarawneh ◽  
Sahrim Haji Ahmad ◽  
Yu Li Jiun ◽  
Radwan Dweiri ◽  
Ibrahim N. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposite ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Blending Method ◽  
Thermoplastic Natural Rubber

In this paper the polymer nanocomposite of nickel zinc (NiZn) ferrite nanoparticles incorporated into the thermoplastic natural rubber nanocomposite (TPNR) were prepared via melt blending method. The effect of different NiZn loading (2-10 wt%) on morphology, tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of the obtained composites was investigated. It was found that NiZn ferrite is well dispersed in the thermoplastic natural rubber matrix. The tensile results indicated that filler loading has improved the tensile strength and Youngs modulus of the nanocomposite. However, the elongation at break decreased with increasing the percentage of NiZn. Dynamic mechanical test showed that the highest storage modulus is at 8 wt% filler. Any further increment of the filler content leads to the formation of agglomerate hence affecting the properties. The Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) micrographs reveal aspect ratio and filler orientation in the TPNR matrix also strongly promoted interfacial adhesion between the filler and the matrix to control its properties.

The Effect of Second Filler on Cure Characteristic and Mechanical Properties of Si-69 Treated Precipitate Silica/NR Composite

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 2183-2186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanchai Thongpin ◽  
C. Sripetdee ◽  
N. Papaka ◽  
N. Pongsathornviwa ◽  
Narongrit Sombatsompop
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Rubber Vulcanizate ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Cure Characteristic

Silica has been widely used as non-black reinforcing filler, however, the filler-filler interaction has been an important issue. Cure characteristic and mechanical properties of the rubber compound and rubber vulcanizate were affected both by filler-rubber interaction and filler-filler interaction. There have been, presently, a number of natural fillers which are also used as fillers for the rubber, i.e. fly ash, sawdust and zeolite. This work therefore will study the effect of second filler added into the 13% Si-69 treated precipitate silica (PSi) filled natural rubber compounds. It was revealed that the scorch and cure time of the rubber compound increased with the content of treated PSi. This was the effect of excess of the silane treated onto PSi which would agglomerate and form the cluster of polysiloxane and would then be able to absorb vulcanizing accelerator resulting in extending the scorch and cure time of the rubber compounds. However, this effect was over ruled with the reinforcing effect as could be seen by the increasing, with the contents of PSi, of maximum torque and mechanical properties of the vulcanizates. The NR compounded with treated PSi content of 20 phr selected to study the effect of excess silane on the cure characteristic of hybrid fillers NR composite. The addition of sawdust led to longer scorch time and cure time but not much change of the maximum torque. As expected, the modulus of the rubber vulcanizate increased with the sawdust content whereas the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with the sawdust content. The incorporation of zeolite could accelerate the cure reaction therefore both scorch time and cure time decreased. The maximum torque also increased with the content of zeolite. Both modulus and tensile strength increased with the content of the zeolite whereas elongation at break tended to be unchanged. In the case of using fly ash as the second filler, the cure time tended to be unchanged. However, the maximum torque tended to be increased with the content of fly ash. It was found that the modulus, tensile strength increased but elongation at break decreased. Interestingly, the excess of Si-69 used effect pronouncedly for the addition of zeolite and fly ash cases as the excess silane could promote the interaction between fillers surface and rubber molecule accept for sawdust

scholarly journals The influence of water on visible-light initiated free-radical/cationic ring-opening hybrid polymerization of methacrylate/epoxy: polymerization kinetics, crosslinking structure and dynamic mechanical properties

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (95) ◽  
pp. 77791-77802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xueping Ge ◽  
Qiang Ye ◽  
Linyong Song ◽  
Anil Misra ◽  
Paulette Spencer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Network Structure ◽  
Ring Opening ◽  
Crosslinking Density ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Influence Of Water ◽  
Hybrid Polymerization

During the photopolymerization, water will compete with hydroxyl groups in methacrylates to react with epoxy and reduce the apparent crosslinking density of the network structure.

The preparation of multifunctional accelerators derived from tea phenols and their use in rubber compounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun Jutao ◽  
Wang Lili ◽  
Liu Xiaoling ◽  
Liang Yunhao ◽  
Sun Xuehong
Keyword(s):  
Control Sample ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Tea Polyphenols ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
The Mannich Reaction

Tea polyphenols (TPs) are natural compounds extracted from tea trees whose molecular structures possess many phenolic hydroxyl groups, and therefore are highly reactive. Based on the principle of the Mannich reaction, two types of multifunctional accelerators (Tea polyphenols-mercaptobenzothiazole [TPM] and Tea polyphenols-N-tert-butylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide [TPN]) were synthesized by the reaction of TPs with 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and N-tert-butylbenzothiazole-2-sulphenamide, respectively. The chemical structures of TPM and TPN were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the curing activity was measured using a vulcameter. The results showed that TPM and TPN had been synthesized successfully and possessed curing activity similar to that of traditional accelerators. TPM and TPN were then used in silica/rubber compounds to determine their effects on processing and on physiomechanical and antiaging properties. The results showed that TPM and TPN improved the curing rate of silica compounds and also improved the dispersion of silica in a rubber matrix as observed using transmission electron microscopy. Furthermore, the retention of tensile strength was higher for TPM and TPN vulcanizates after air aging than it was for the control sample. These results indicated that TPM and TPN, which incorporated the functions of a “curing accelerator,” a “silica surface modifier,” and an “antidegradant,” were new multifunctional accelerators for silica/rubber compounds.

Strain Dependence of Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Carbon Black-Filled Rubber Compounds

1996 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Ulmer
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Strain Amplitude ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Strain Dependence ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Filled Rubber ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Viscous Modulus

Abstract The strain dependencies of dynamic mechanical properties of carbon black-filled rubber compounds have been modeled by Kraus. Evaluation of the Kraus model with carbon black loadings up to 110 phr shows that it provides a fairly good overall description of elastic modulus, G′, as a function of strain, γ. The model description of G′ strain dependence improves with decreased carbon black loading, and is very good with carbon black loadings of 50 phr and less. The model description of viscous modulus strain dependence, G″(γ), is less successful than the G′(γ) description. Several empirical modifications of the viscous modulus model are examined. The most improved model is a very good approximation to viscous modulus over a wide experimental strain-range. Its utility, and that of the Kraus G′(γ) model, are illustrated through calculation of simple shear dynamic properties from torsion property measurements on a solid cylinder, where the strain amplitude varies across the specimen radius. The models allow transformation of the apparent moduli, reported as functions of strain amplitude at the cylinder's outer edge, to their true counterparts, G′(γ) and G″(γ), as functions of uniform strain amplitude. Although the G′(γ) and modified G″(γ) models apply to a wide range of experimental strains, some uncertainties associated with each model's accuracy remain, and there are inconsistencies in the relation of one model to the other. Reservations associated with the models might be resolved through refined treatments of the test specimen geometries.

Mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of rice husk ash-filled natural rubber compounds

2002 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 2331-2346 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Da Costa ◽  
L. L. Y. Visconte ◽  
R. C. R. Nunes ◽  
C. R. G. Furtado
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Rubber Compounds
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