scholarly journals Beyond the Nature-Culture Frontier

2022 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-176
Author(s):  
Juana De Oliveira Santos ◽  
María Elena Martínez-Torres ◽  
Maristela Oliveira de Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Sea Urchin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Artisanal Fishing ◽  
The One

In order to challenge the culture–nature dichotomy, this article investigates two festivities centered around fishing and consuming the sea urchin in two different locations: the Suape Bay Ouriçada (Brazil) in the Southern Hemisphere, and the Carry-le-Rouet Oursinade (France) in the Northern Hemisphere. This study employs both bibliographic and ethnographic research carried out at the two festivals over the last six years. The communities that originated these sea urchin festivals are both historically connected to artisanal fishing traditions that aim at creating bonds of sociability and connection with nature. While these festivities feature a wide variety of “things,” the one that stands out is the sea urchin itself. During these festivals, this species is taken by human hands from their habitat on the bottom of the Atlantic Ocean or the Mediterranean Sea to become the main reason for celebration and sociability in two different communities. On the one hand, sea urchin festivals can be seen as the heritage of local immaterial culture and as a symbol of the struggle for environmental protection. On the other hand, they are both the victim and the perpetrator of environmental degradations that threaten the event’s survival. Although the communities in these two geographic locations devised very different celebratory rituals around the same marine creature, by comparing and contrasting the two festivities we can contend that, despite their specificities, these sea urchin festivals challenge the culture–nature dichotomy. In other words, it is precisely through food that the natural and cultural worlds can become one.

scholarly journals A new diatom (Bacillariophyceae) species from a thermal spring in Azores archipelago (São Miguel island, Atlantic Ocean)

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-181
Author(s):  
Cristina Delgado ◽  
Vitor Gonçalves ◽  
Saúl Blanco ◽  
Salomé F.P. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Thermal Spring ◽  
The Other ◽  
Thermal Springs ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Diatom Species ◽  
Azores Archipelago ◽  
The One ◽  
Scanning Electron

Background: Due to their isolation, islands offer excellent areas for the study of distribution of benthic diatoms. On the other hand, diatoms bearing canal raphe have received less attention compared to other groups of diatoms such as Navicula, Pinnularia or Amphora. Questions: Is it possible that thermal springs on islands offer a refuge for infrequent diatom species? Studied species: Platichthys furnensis C. Delgado, V. Gonçalves & S.F.P. Almeida sp. nov. Study site and dates: The species here described was collected in the epilithon of a thermal spring in São Miguel Island (Azores Archipelago, Portugal) in September 2015. Methods: This new taxon was compared to other diatom species of the genera Nitzschia, Tryblionella, Entomoneis and Hantzschia and to the other species of the genus Platichthys. The morphology is documented by light and scanning electron images and discussed in detail. Results: Platichthys furnensis was found in a thermal pool, a similar habitat to the one where P. krammeri type was collected in Chile in 1940. P. furnensis has many structures that are characteristic of the recently described genus Platichthys, including raised canal raphe and fibulae, compressed valve face, steep valve face and numerous open copulae. Conclusions: The description of the new taxon is interesting because it is the first species within Platichthys to be described from the Northern Hemisphere.

Transglossic language practices

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaila Sultana
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Language Practices ◽  
Code Mixing ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cultural Texts ◽  
The One

This paper contributes to a recent development in Applied Linguistics that encourages research from trans- approaches. Drawing on the results of an ethnographic research project carried out in a university of Bangladesh. It is illustrated how young adults actively and reflexively use a mixture of codes, modes, genres, and popular cultural texts in their language practices within the historical and spatial realities of their lives. The paper shows that the interpretive capacity of heteroglossia increases when complemented by an understanding derived from transgressive approaches to language. The paper proposes a reconceptualised version of heteroglossia, namely transglossia, which explores the fixity and fluidity of language in the 21th Century. On the one hand, transglossia is a theoretical framework that addresses the transcendence and transformation of meaning in heteroglossic voices. On the other hand, a transglossic framework untangles the social, historical, political, ideological, and spatial realities within which voices emerge. Overall, it is suggested that transglossia and a transglossic framework can provide us with an understanding of language that notions such as code-mixing or code-switching or any language-centric analysis fail to unveil.

The bequest ofIlegalja: contested memories and moralities in contemporary Kosovo

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Schwandner-Sievers
Keyword(s):  
Local System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Politics Of Memory ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Organisation ◽  
The One

In this essay I explore the ways in which the internal Albanian politics of memory in Kosovo rely on a longer, lived history of militant self-organisation than the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) war period alone. On the basis of recent ethnographic research, I argue that the memory of prewar militant activism is symbolically codified, ritually formalized, and put on the public stage in Kosovo today. Not only has this process effectively rehabilitated and consolidated the personal, social, and political status of specific former activists, it also has produced a hegemonic morality against which the actions of those in power are judged internally. On the one hand, this process reproduces shared cultural references which idealise ethnonational solidarity, unity and pride and which have served militant mobilisation already before the 1990s. On the other, it provides the arguments through which rival representatives of the former militant underground groups (known asIlegalja)compete both socially and politically still today. Although this process demarcates some lines of social and political friction within society, it also suggests that international efforts to introduce an identity which breaks with Kosovo's past and some of its associated values, face a local system of signification that is historically even deeper entrenched than is usually assumed.

Summing up and consideration of future research needs

1975 ◽  
Vol 189 (1096) ◽  
pp. 479-483
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Organic Pollutants ◽  
Equatorial Region ◽  
The Other ◽  
Future Research ◽  
World Production ◽  
Research Needs ◽  
The World

If there is one thing above all else that this meeting has established it is surely that most of the questions that one may ask regarding organic pollutants and their behaviour in the sea cannot be satisfactorily answered at present. It is only, perhaps, in regard to the persistent organohalogen pesticides, DDT and dieldrin in particular, and PCBs, that one can speak with any assurance. We were persuaded by Professor Goldberg and Dr Portmann that, although the peak input to the oceans in the northern hemisphere may have passed in respect of both DDT and dieldrin, this is not so for the equatorial region and the southern hemisphere; the problem has moved southward and the world production and use of organochlorine pesticides is still increasing. Vigilance must therefore be maintained. The use of PCBs, on the other hand, is being generally phased out.

A new isopod species from the abyssal South Pacific ocean: Eugerda gigantea sp. nov. (Isopoda: Asellota: Desmosomatidae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 1061-1067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ja-Yang Park
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic ◽  
South Pacific Ocean ◽  
Equatorial Atlantic Ocean

The new species Eugerda gigantea sp. nov. is described from the abyssal of the equatorial eastern South Pacific. For the genus Eugerda this is the first record from the South Pacific ocean, the other known species of the genus occur in the northern hemisphere or the equatorial Atlantic ocean.

The Ethical Dilemmas and Social Scientific Trade-offs of Masking in Ethnography

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Jerolmack ◽  
Alexandra K. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Neutral Position ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Sense Of Security ◽  
False Sense ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The One

Masking, the practice of hiding or distorting identifying information about people, places, and organizations, is usually considered a requisite feature of ethnographic research and writing. This is justified both as an ethical obligation to one’s subjects and as a scientifically neutral position (as readers are enjoined to treat a case’s idiosyncrasies as sociologically insignificant). We question both justifications, highlighting potential ethical dilemmas and obstacles to constructing cumulative social science that can arise through masking. Regarding ethics, we show, on the one hand, how masking may give subjects a false sense of security because it implies a promise of confidentiality that it often cannot guarantee and, on the other hand, how naming may sometimes be what subjects want and expect. Regarding scientific tradeoffs, we argue that masking can reify ethnographic authority, exaggerate the universality of the case (e.g., “Middletown”), and inhibit replicability (or “revisits”) and sociological comparison. While some degree of masking is ethically and practically warranted in many cases and the value of disclosure varies across ethnographies, we conclude that masking should no longer be the default option that ethnographers unquestioningly choose.

scholarly journals Memory and Alterity in Zar: Religious Contact and Change in the Sudan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan M Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Ninteenth Century ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

Drawing on long-term ethnographic research in the Blue Nile town of Sennar, supported by archival and historical documentation, this article explores the history of Zar spirit possession in Sudan, and the light this throws on the interplay of religions over the past 150 years. Life history data supports the argument that contemporary Zar is grounded in forms and rituals derived from the ranks of the ninteenth-century Ottoman army, and these remain the basis of ritual events, even as they accommodate ongoing changes in this part of Africa. Many of these changes are linked to the dynamic interplay of Zar with forms of Islam, on the one hand, and Christianity, on the other. In the former colonial periods, political power resided with the British, and Khawaja (European) Christian Zar spirits are remembered as far more important. Today that authority in Zar has shifted to spirits of foreign Muslims and local holy men, on the one hand, and to subaltern Blacks, on the other. These speak to concerns of new generations of adepts even as changes in the larger political and religious landscapes continue to transform the context of Zar.

scholarly journals Udmurt woman headwear ayshon in descriptions and graphics of the XVI–XVIII centuries

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-738
Author(s):  
E. E. Nechvaloda ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Xviii Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Source Studies ◽  
Ethnographic Data ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Introduction: the article is devoted to the analysis of the early sources on the Udmurt ancient woman headwear. The chronological framework of the study is limited, on the one hand, by the very first confirmation of the ayshon (XVI century), and on the other hand, by the era of the first expeditions in Russia (XVIII century), which laid the foundation for future ethnographic research. Objective: to determine the degree of reliability and informativity of descriptions and images of the Udmurt headwear of the XVI–XVIII centuries. Research materials: works of travelers of the XVI–XVIII centuries, containing data about ayshon. Results and novelty of the research: the article provides a comparative analysis of materials about ayshon in the sources of the XVI–XVIII centuries. Texts, engravings with texts, and early sources with ethnographic materials of the end of the XIX – beginning XX centuries are compared. For the first time, all original graphic images and descriptions of this headwear related to the specified time period are published together. The characteristics of the ayshon in the descriptions generally correspond to each other, as well as its known images and later ethnographic data. The materials of the article can be used in ethnographic and source studies.

scholarly journals Evolution of two troughs in the tropical Indian Ocean and their characteristic features

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-398
Author(s):  
M.S. SINGH ◽  
B. Lakshmanaswamy
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
The Other ◽  
The South ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Characteristic Features

Evolution and characteristic features of double trough systems in the tropical Indian Ocean have been studied with the help of Climatological Atlas (Part I andIl) ~f the Tropical Indian Oc.ean (Hastenrath and Lamb 1979). It is confirmed that there are two troughs (Northern Hemisphere EquatorIal Trough and Southern Hemisphere Equatorial Trough) in this region (including south Asian landmass) all the year round, one in northern hemisphere and the other in southern. Both are migratory in nature and, perhaps, thermal in origin.  In the convergent zones of the two troughs, there is extensive cloudiness. The migration of these trough systems during their respective summer seasons appear to be related to the extensive heating of the south Asian/ African land masses surrounding the Indian Ocean in north and west.  

scholarly journals Troubled Water in the Eastern Mediterranean. Turkey Challenges Greece and Cyprus Regarding Energy Resources

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-152
Author(s):  
Heinz-Jürgen Axt
Keyword(s):  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
International Community ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Competitive Prices ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The One

Abstract The conflict between Turkey on the one hand and Greece and Cyprus on the other was exacerbated when Turkey and Libya reached an agreement on the delimitation of maritime zones to explore and exploit energy resources in late 2019. The countries were on the brink of military confrontation. This was the latest climax of a longer period of conflict and mistrust, during which negative perceptions became more entrenched on all sides. Energy is globally high in demand but exploiting resources in the Mediterranean Sea at competitive prices is difficult. The international community has developed an ambitious Law of the Sea, but its interpretation is controversial. Compromises are needed to de-escalate. What might serve as a ‘bridge over troubled waters’ in the Eastern Mediterranean? The author comments on the available options.

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