scholarly journals Leaning In or Not Leaning Out? Opt-Out Choice Framing Attenuates Gender Differences in the Decision to Compete

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joyce He ◽  
Sonia Kang ◽  
Nicola Lacetera
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Choice Framing

scholarly journals Opt-out choice framing attenuates gender differences in the decision to compete in the laboratory and in the field

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (42) ◽  
pp. e2108337118
Author(s):  
Joyce C. He ◽  
Sonia K. Kang ◽  
Nicola Lacetera
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Imbalance ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Opt Out ◽  
Choice Framing

Research shows that women are less likely to enter competitions than men. This disparity may translate into a gender imbalance in holding leadership positions or ascending in organizations. We provide both laboratory and field experimental evidence that this difference can be attenuated with a default nudge—changing the choice to enter a competitive task from a default in which applicants must actively choose to compete to a default in which applicants are automatically enrolled in competition but can choose to opt out. Changing the default affects the perception of prevailing social norms about gender and competition as well as perceptions of the performance or ability threshold at which to apply. We do not find associated negative effects for performance or wellbeing. These results suggest that organizations could make use of opt-out promotion schemes to reduce the gender gap in competition and support the ascension of women to leadership positions.

122 HELUMA-registry: 10-year analysis of gender differences and treatment implementation in CHF

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-31
Author(s):  
C ZUGCK ◽  
A FLUEGEL ◽  
L FRANKENSTEIN ◽  
M NELLES ◽  
M HAASS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Treatment Implementation

Gender differences in abdominal aortic aneurysm therapy – a systematic review

VASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstanze Stoberock ◽  
Tilo Kölbel ◽  
Gülsen Atlihan ◽  
Eike Sebastian Debus ◽  
Nikolaos Tsilimparis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm ◽  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Lower Survival Rate ◽  
Lower Survival ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Risk Of Rupture

Abstract. This article analyses if and to what extent gender differences exist in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) therapy. For this purpose Medline (PubMed) was searched from January 1999 to January 2018. Keywords were: “abdominal aortic aneurysm”, “gender”, “prevalence”, “EVAR”, and “open surgery of abdominal aortic aneurysm”. Regardless of open or endovascular treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms, women have a higher rate of complications and longer hospitalizations compared to men. The majority of studies showed that women have a lower survival rate for surgical and endovascular treatment of abdominal aneurysms after both elective and emergency interventions. Women receive less surgical/interventional and protective medical treatment. Women seem to have a higher risk of rupture, a lower survival rate in AAA, and a higher rate of complications, regardless of endovascular or open treatment. The gender differences may be due to a higher age of women at diagnosis and therapy associated with higher comorbidity, but also because of genetic, hormonal, anatomical, biological, and socio-cultural differences. Strategies for treatment in female patients must be further defined to optimize outcome.

Brief Report. The PCL-R and Gender

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Grann
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Behavior ◽  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Violent Offenders ◽  
Matched Pairs ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist ◽  
Psychopathy Checklist Revised ◽  
And Gender

Summary: Hare's Psychopathy Checklist - Revised (PCL-R; Hare, 1991 ) was originally constructed for use among males in correctional and forensic settings. In this study, the PCL-R protocols of 36 matched pairs of female and male violent offenders were examined with respect to gender differences. The results indicated a few significant differences. By means of discriminant analysis, male Ss were distinguished from their female counterparts through their relatively higher scores on “callous/lack of empathy” (item 8) and “juvenile delinquency” (item 18), whereas the female Ss scored relatively higher on “promiscuous sexual behavior” (item 11). Some sources of bias and possible implications are discussed.

Gender Differences in Suicidal Intent and Choice of Method Among Suicide Attempters

Crisis ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 209-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merete Nordentoft ◽  
Jacob Branner
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Attempted Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Intent ◽  
Suicide Intent ◽  
Suicidal Intention ◽  
National Patient ◽  
Prevention Center ◽  
Suicide Prevention Center

The objective was to examine gender differences in choice of method and suicidal intent among persons referred to a suicide prevention center. A total of 351 consecutive patients who had attempted suicide were interviewed using the European Parasuicide Study Interview Schedule I (EPSIS I) while participating in a 2-week inpatient treatment program. They were invited to a 1-year follow-up interview, and followed in the National Patient Register. Compared to women, men who had attempted suicide were older, had better self-esteem, fewer depressive symptoms, and higher total suicidal intention scores, but they were not more likely to use violent methods. Neither use of violent method nor dangerousness of the attempt was associated with suicidal intention. Although men had higher suicide intent scores than women, there were no significant gender differences in the number of repeat suicide attempts during a 1-year follow-up period. Suicidal intent was not related to dangerousness of suicide method.

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