Blood Types and Severity of COVID-19

Aim: Since blood types first appeared, their association with diseases caused by microorganisms has been further investigated with several studies for many years. The bond of blood groups described as A, B, AB, and O with coronavirus has been the research subject in many countries.We aimed to elucidate whether there was a relationship between blood types and Rh factor and contracting COVID-19 disease and disease severity. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective case-control study. Between March 2020 - February 2021, 1110 patients were included (538 cases, 572 controls). Disease severity was classified according to where patients were treated: those who were outpatients considered as “mild disease”, hospitalized in a hospital ward considered as “moderate disease”, and treated in the intensive care unit were considered as “severe disease”. Results: The number of people with blood type A was 447 (40.3%), blood type B was 197 (17.7%), blood type AB was 90 (%8), and blood type O was 376 (33.9%). There was no significant difference between the case and control groups according to the blood types. A 3.93 times increase of developing mild illness was detected compared to the control group in Rh-positive individuals. The rate of developing a severe disease was higher in females with blood type A than a mild disease, and A blood type caused the disease to be severe compared to other blood groups in females. Conclusion: We concluded that blood type A caused more severe disease than other blood types in females, and females with B blood type survived the disease as outpatients. Our study can shed light on pathophysiological investigation of the relationship between COVID-19 disease causing a pandemic with high mortality and virulence and blood types. Keywords: COVID-19 virus, blood group, disease

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Lectin binding patterns in normal, metaplastic, and neoplastic gastric mucosa.

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1177/40.5.1573249 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 681-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

T Narita ◽

H Numao

Keyword(s):

Gastric Mucosa ◽

Lectin Binding ◽

Type A ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Type ◽

Luminal Surface ◽

Diffuse Type ◽

Normal Gastric Mucosa ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Tissue Specimens

We investigated lectin binding patterns on tissue specimens of normal and metaplastic gastric surface mucosae, gastric adenomas, and intestinal and diffuse-type gastric carcinomas. Compared with normal gastric mucosa, metaplastic mucosa exhibited an increase of ConA binding and decreases of WGA, PNA, UEA-1, and DBA binding in the cytoplasm, and decreases of ConA, PNA, and UEA-1 binding at the luminal surface. Intestinal carcinomas were similar to metaplastic gastric surface mucosa in ConA, WGA, and UEA-1 binding in the cytoplasm, while diffuse-type carcinomas were similar to normal gastric mucosa in WGA and UEA-1 binding in the cytoplasm. Adenomas were similar to intestinal carcinomas in ConA and UEA-1 binding in the cytoplasm, but were different from intestinal carcinomas in Con A and UEA-1 binding at the luminal surface. For UEA-1, normal and metaplastic gastric surface mucosae did not show a significant difference between the blood type A, AB, B group and the O group. Intestinal and diffuse carcinomas and adenomas also did not show such a difference between the blood groups. For DBA, normal gastric surface mucosa showed a significant difference between the blood type B, O group and the A, AB group. Normal gastric mucosa of the blood type A, AB group was frequently positive for DBA binding in the cytoplasm and at the luminal surface. Metaplastic mucosa did not show a significant difference between the blood groups. Intestinal and diffuse-type carcinomas and adenomas also did not show a difference between the blood groups. DBA binding in the cytoplasm of intestinal carcinomas and adenomas was more frequently positive than that of normal and metaplastic mucosae, except for normal gastric mucosa of the blood type A, AB group. Compared with diffuse-type carcinomas, intestinal carcinomas were accompanied by a significant increase of ConA binding and decreases of WGA and PNA binding in the cytoplasm.

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Fingerprints: A simple method for Screening Hemophilic Patients

Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin ◽

10.3329/bmrcb.v40i2.25227 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 85-88

Author(s):

M Jamalian ◽

M Mesri ◽

HRK Vishteh ◽

H Solhi ◽

R Salehpour

Keyword(s):

Severe Disease ◽

Healthy People ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Factor Level ◽

Simple Method ◽

Mild Disease ◽

Normal People ◽

Significant Difference ◽

New Occurrences

Background: The present study aims to compare hemophilic patients fingerprint types with the normal people to help diagnose the disease, particularly new occurrences of the disease. Method: This casecontrol study was conducted in 2012. Sixty two patients with hemophilia type A and 62 normal healthy people were selected. The type of fingerprint was determined by a forensic specialist who was kept unaware of the participants group. Using advanced Henry method, the main types of fingerprints were classified as arch, loop, whorl, as well as other types. Results: In the control group, loop type (65%) and in the case group the whorl type (34%) were the most frequent fingerprint type (p<0.001) and there was a significant difference of fingerprint in each finger between two groups. In addition, the average number of whorl type in the patients with mild disease was significantly higher and the average number of arch and other types of fingerprints was significantly lower than patients with moderate or severe disease. Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicated that not only are the fingerprints of normal and hemophilic people different, but also a difference was observed between hemophilic patients with the mild factor level and patients with moderate or severe one.Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2014; 40 (2): 85-88

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Wild Felids Blood Group System

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani11123533 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 3533

Author(s):

Ana Silvestre-Ferreira ◽

Josep Pastor

Keyword(s):

Blood Group ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Type A ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Type ◽

Blood Group System ◽

Domestic Cats ◽

Blood Types ◽

Wild Felids ◽

Wild Cats

Wild felids and domestic cats share the AB blood group. However, there have been few studies regarding the characterization and prevalence of the different blood types in wild animals. The erythrocyte membrane glycolipids of the wild cats correspond to the major disialoganglioside patterns observed in domestic cats. Like in domestic cats, type A blood seems to be the most common, although wild felid species seem to exhibit one single blood type. Of the species studied, the wild domestic cats, and the Panthera and ocelot lineages, all had type A blood; the Puma lineage showed almost exclusively type B blood. The prevalence of wild felids blood types show that there seems to be variation between species, but not within species, and no evidence of geographical variation has yet been found, showing apparently no genetic variability. The presence of alloantibodies has also been demonstrated, so the risk of life-threatening transfusion reactions due to mismatched transfusions and neonatal isoerythrolysis is a possibility. Like in other species, the recognition of wild felids blood groups is clinically relevant, as it can also be important in establishing phylogenetic relationships within the Felidae family. We will review the current knowledge on this topic and give insights into the wild felids blood groups potential for zoo transfusion medicine and phylogenetic studies in order to help support reintroduction projects and to preserve genetic diversity.

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Frequencies of feline blood types in Hungary

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/004.49.2001.4.1 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 369-375 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nóra Bagdi ◽

Melinda Magdus ◽

E. Leidinger ◽

Judith Leidinger ◽

K. Vörös

Keyword(s):

Blood Transfusion ◽

Blood Group ◽

Diagnostic Method ◽

Type A ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Type ◽

Type B ◽

Blood Types ◽

Type Ab ◽

Transfusion Reactions

Feline blood group determination is done as a routine diagnostic method in numerous countries. Blood transfusion reactions and feline neonatal isoerythrolysis (FNI) can be avoided with the identification of different feline blood groups. The present study is the first investigation in Hungary during which 100 cats have been examined from all over the country. These cats were out of six breeds: European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Persian, Abyssinian, Siamese and British shorthair. In the Hungarian feline population European domestic shorthair are most common but other breeds also occur. European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Abyssinian, Siamese and British shorthair individuals all belonged to blood type A (100%). Blood type B was found very rarely and only in Persian cats. One-third of the Persian cats were categorised into blood type B, whilst type AB was not found during the study.

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COVID-19 Disease Severity and Determinants among Ethiopian Patients: A study of the Millennium COVID-19 Care Center

10.1101/2020.10.09.20209999 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tigist W. Leulseged ◽

Kindalem G. Abebe ◽

Ishmael S. Hassen ◽

Endalkachew H. Maru ◽

Wuletaw C. Zewde ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Care Center ◽

Severe Disease ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Disease Category ◽

Mild Disease ◽

Significant Difference

ABSTRACTBackgroundUnderstanding determinants of developing severe COVID-19 disease is important as studies show that severe disease is associated with worse outcomes.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the determinants of COVID-19 disease severity among COVID-19 patients admitted to Millennium COVID-19 Care Center in Ethiopia.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2020 among randomly selected 686 patients. Chi-square test was used to detect the presence of a statistically significant difference in the characteristics of the patients based on disease severity (Mild Vs Moderate Vs Severe), where p-value of <0.05 was considered as having a statistically significant difference. A Multivariable multinomial logistic regression model was used to assess the presence of a significant association between the independent variables and COVID-19 disease severity where Adjusted Odds ratio (AOR), 95% CIs for AOR and P-values were used for testing significance and interpretation of results.ResultsHaving moderate as compared with mild disease was significantly associated with having hypertension (AOR= 2.302, 95% CI= 1.266, 4.184, p-value=0.006), diabetes mellitus (AOR=2.607, 95% CI= 1.307, 5.198, p-value=0.007 for diabetes mellitus), fever (AOR= 6.115, 95% CI= 2.941, 12.716, p-value=0.0001) and headache (AOR= 2.695, 95% CI= 1.392, 5.215, p-value=0.003). Similarly, having severe disease as compared with mild disease was associated with age group (AOR= 4.428, 95% CI= 2.497, 7.853, p-value=0.0001 for 40-59 years and AOR=18.070, 95% CI=9.292, 35.140, p-value=0.0001 for ≥ 60 years), sex (AOR=1.842, 95% CI=1.121, 3.027, p-value=0.016), hypertension (AOR= 1.966, 95% CI= 1.076, 3.593, p-value=0.028), diabetes mellitus (AOR= 3.926, 95% CI= 1.964, 7.847, p-value=0.0001), fever (AOR= 13.218, 95% CI= 6.109, 28.601, p-value=0.0001) and headache (AOR= 4.816, 95% CI= 2.324, 9.979, p-value=0.0001). In addition, determinants of severe disease as compared with moderate disease were found to be age group (AOR= 4.871, 95% CI= 2.854, 8.315, p-value=0.0001 for 40-59 years and AOR= 18.906, 95% CI= 9.838, 36.334, p-value=0.0001 for ≥ 60 years), fever (AOR= 2.161, 95% CI= 1.286, 3.634, p-value=0.004) and headache (AOR= 1.787, 95% CI= 1.028, 3.107, p-value=0.039).ConclusionsBeing old, male sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and having symptoms of fever and headache were found to be determinants of developing a more severe COVID-19 disease category. We recommend a better preventive practice to be set in place so that these groups of patients can be protected from acquiring the disease. And for those who are already infected, a more careful follow-up and management should be given so that complication and death can be prevented. Furthermore, considering the above non respiratory symptoms as disease severity indicator could be important.

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Relationship Between the Prevalence of Blood Groups and Severity of Leptospirosis: A Case-Control Study

Infectious Diseases Research and Treatment ◽

10.1177/1178633720936273 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 117863372093627

Author(s):

Lotfollah Davoodi ◽

Alireza Razavi ◽

Hamed Jafarpour ◽

Mahjin Heshmati ◽

Eissa Soleymani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Severe Form ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Blood Type ◽

Control Group ◽

Mazandaran Province ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Severity Of The Disease ◽

Control Study

Introduction: The correlation between the prevalence and severity of leptospirosis with blood groups has not been investigated so far, but several studies have been conducted to link the infectious diseases with blood groups. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of blood type in patients with leptospirosis and its association with disease severity. Methods: This is a case-control study performed on hospitalized patients with the diagnosis of leptospirosis in Mazandaran province, Iran, in 2018. The control group was selected from among the families of patients. Blood groups (ABO and Rh) and severity of the disease were assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22. Results: A total of 300 people (150 in the case and 150 in the control) enrolled in the study. The mean age was 44.35 ± 15.39 years and 81.3% were men. The highest frequency of blood type in both groups was O+, A+, and B+, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of blood groups ( P = .037). Comparison between severity of disease and blood types (ABO, Rh) showed no significant difference ( P > .05). Conclusions: According to our study, O+ was the most common among patients with leptospirosis. The frequency of O in patients was significantly higher than in the control group, but there was no significant relationship between leptospirosis and Rh. The prevalence of this blood type was higher in people with a severe form of the disease. Finally, there is no statistically significant difference between the severity of the disease and ABO and Rh.

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P766 ABO blood groups and ulcerative colitis: A hospital-based study in central Taiwan

Journal of Crohn s and Colitis ◽

10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz203.894 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S608-S608

Author(s):

H C Lai ◽

J W Chou ◽

K S Cheng ◽

Y H Wu ◽

Y Y Tsai ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Type A ◽

Blood Groups ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Blood Type ◽

Abo Blood Groups ◽

Operation Rate ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Central Taiwan ◽

Diagnostic Age

Abstract Background The variations in ABO blood groups are reported to be associated with multiple disorders. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic and relapsing disease of the gastrointestinal tract with unclear etiology. The incidence and prevalence of UC are low but increasing in Taiwan The aim of our current study was to investigate the distribution of ABO blood groups in patients with UC and to explore its impact on disease severity. Methods From January 2000 to November 2019, we retrospectively collected patients diagnosed as UC in our hospital, a tertiary referral center in central Taiwan. Clinical characteristics of patients with UC including gender, age at diagnosis, ABO blood groups, disease phenotype and behaviour, operation rate and baseline laboratory data were collected. Results A total of 129 patients with UC were enrolled into our current study (Table 1). We found out male predominance as 62.8% of all patients. The mean diagnostic age of all UC patients was 39.0 years. Of 129 UC patients, 43 (33.3%) were blood type O, 41 (31.8%) were blood type A, 38 (29.5%) were blood type B, and the remainders 7 (5.4%) were blood type AB. However, there was no significant association between the ABO blood groups and UC patients compared with the general population of Taiwanese1 (p = 0.1906) (Table 2). In the subgroup analysis of each blood type, there were no significant difference of disease location and operation rate between groups. Furthermore, blood type A UC patients had higher hemoglobin level compared with blood type O patients (13.31 g/dl vs. 12.30 g/dl, p = 0.0347). Blood type A UC patients had lower erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) level compared with blood type O patients (12.46 mm/h vs. 21.5 mm/h, p = 0.0288). Blood type O UC patients had the highest ESR level compared with non-O groups (p = 0.0228) (Table 3). We analysed the characteristics of UC patients between the diagnostic age older or younger than 40 years. However, there were no significant difference between two age groups (Table 4). Conclusion ABO blood groups were not associated with the prevalence of UC, although UC patients with blood type A had the higher prevalence in our current study compared with the general populations with blood type A. UC patients with blood type O had higher baseline ESR level. UC patients with blood type A had higher baseline hemoglobin level.

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Association of Clinical and Hematological variables with the disease severity in Indian Sickle cell anemia patients

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00915 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 5254-5257

Author(s):

L.V.K.S. Bhaskar ◽

Smaranika Pattnaik

Keyword(s):

Liver Function ◽

Disease Severity ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Sickle Cell Anemia ◽

Severe Disease ◽

Fetal Hemoglobin ◽

Mild Disease ◽

Total Hemoglobin ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Function Test

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the most common genetic disorder that is caused due to mutation of the β globin gene. Although SCA is a monogenic disorder, the clinical presentation varies greatly among patients. The present study was designed to be a cross sectional study, aimed at analysing the SCA severity and its association with different clinical, biochemical and hematological variables in SCA patients of Indian origin. About 190 random homozygous SCA patients confirmed by hemoglobin electrophoresis were used in the study. Routine biochemical laboratory (liver function test and Renal function test) and hematologic tests (Total hemoglobin, fetal hemoglobin, hematocrit, MCV and MCH) were done. Values pertaining to complete blood count (CBC), Hb-HPLC and clinical investigations were collected from patient’s records. The mean age of patients with severe disease was significantly lesser than the moderate and mild disease patients. The body mass index (BMI) was also significantly lower in severe disease patients compared to the moderate and mild disease. The patients with severe disease had low levels of red blood cells, total hemoglobin (tHb) and fetal hemoglobin (HbF) compared to the other groups. There is no significant difference in the kidney and liver function among various degrees of disease severity. In summary, this study demonstrates that the tHb and HbF and total leucocyte count (TLC) are major prognostic factors for several clinical complications in SCA. Baseline measurement of these important variables is paramount in predicting important aspects of clinical course and improves the quality lives of these children.

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Predictive value of ABO blood type with Carcinoembryonic antigen in a Nigerians population with preoperative Colorectal Cancer

American Journal of Clinical Pathology ◽

10.1093/ajcp/aqaa161.197 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 154 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S90-S90

Author(s):

C N Nwadike ◽

J Nnodim ◽

M K Anyagwa ◽

U Edward ◽

D K Ogbuokiri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Carcinoembryonic Antigen ◽

Medical Center ◽

Type A ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Blood Type ◽

Blood Types ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Abo Blood Type ◽

The Mean

Abstract Introduction/Objective Earlier studies speculated possible link between ABO blood type and risk of malignancies. Given recent increase in Colorectal cancer (CRC) cases in Nigeria amidst poor facilities for early diagnosis, unraveling measures for prevention and prognosis become critical options. This study aims at assessing the predictive association of ABO blood types with preoperative Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and some markers of gut immunostasis among southern Nigerian population with CRC. Methods The retrospective study evaluated 200 patients, scheduled for resection surgery for CRC between July, 2018 and September 2019 in Federal medical center Yenegoa, Nigeria. The relationship between the ABO blood types and CEA, interleukins, IL(6 and 8,) and Short chain fatty acids, SCFA (butyrate and propionate) were evaluated preoperatively using immunoturbidimetric assay, ELISA, and GC-MS respectively. The mean age of the patients was 51 years. The distribution of the ABO blood types in the patients were 60 (30.1%) for A, 50 (25%) for B, 79 (39.5%) for O, and 11 (5.5%) for AB. Patients with CEA levels <5 ng/mL, 6-30 ng/mL, and >30 ng/mL were classified as CEA Group 1, group 2 and group 3 respectively. Patient’s blood types, demographic characteristics and tumor locations, were recorded. SPSS, 22 was employed for data analysis. Results We determined a significant correlation between CEA levels and IL 6 in different blood types of CRC patients. No significant correlation was observed between CEA and gender. Blood type A showed significant increase in mean levels of CEA and IL 6 when compared to blood type B and O. No significant difference was observed in the mean SCFA levels among different blood types. Conclusion ABO blood type demonstrated significant prognostic value with CEA in colorectal cancer, with blood type A being most unfavorable.

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Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte and Platelet-to-Lymphocyte Ratios in Patients with RetinalArtery Occlusion

Journal of Ophthalmic and Vision Research ◽

10.18502/jovr.v15i2.6737 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mahmut Atum ◽

Gürsoy Alagöz

Keyword(s):

Retinal Artery Occlusion ◽

Artery Occlusion ◽

Control Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Gender And Age ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Healthy Control ◽

Retinal Artery ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) and plateletto- lymphocyte (PLR) ratios in patients with retinal artery occlusion (RAO) with those from a healthy control population and to identify the relationship between them. Methods: Forty-six patients with RAO and fifty-one healthy control subjects were included in this retrospective case-control study. RAO was diagnosed following an ophthalmic examination and fluorescein angiography (FA). Blood neutrophil, lymphocyte, and platelet counts were recorded for each of the 97 subjects, from which NLR and PLR values were calculated. Results: There were 46 patients (28 male [M], 18 female [F]) in the RAO group and 51 patients (27 M, 24 F) in the control group. No significant differences were found between patients with RAO and the control subjects in terms of gender and age (P > 0.05). Patients with RAO had significantly increased NLR values (2.85 ± 1.70) than the control subjects (1.63 ± 0.59, P < 0.001). The mean PLR in patients with RAO was 123.69 ± 64.98, while that in control subjects was 103.08 ± 36.95; there was no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.055). A logistic regression analysis revealed that NLRs were 3.8 times higher in patients with RAO than in control subjects (odds ratio = 3.880; 95% confidence interval = 1.94 to 7.74; P < 0.001). Conclusion: NLRs were significantly increased in patients with RAO compared to the control subjects.

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