scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Vitamin D3 and Ultraviolet B Light on Growth Performance, Blood Serum Parameters, Gut Histology, and Welfare Indicators of Broilers

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amarachi Chijioke Ogbonna ◽  
Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry ◽  
Lucy Asher
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Performance Measure ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Welfare Indicators ◽  
The Impact

Stressors are commonly encountered by all farmed species, including chickens, but the impact of these stressors on the animal and their productivity can be influenced by the environmental conditions in which they are kept. This study investigated the effects of dietary vitamin D3 (vitD3) and ultraviolet light (UVB) on growth performance, organ weight, serum corticosterone levels (CORT), serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D3) status, gut histology, and welfare indicators of broiler chickens challenged with social isolation stress. One day (d) old Ross 308 broiler chicks (n = 192) were individually weighed, wing-tagged, and allocated to non-isolated (control) and isolated groups; control birds were never isolated, while isolated birds were subjected to regular sessions of social isolation for about 15-min periods over the course of 3 d a week for 2 weeks starting from d 10 (1.30 h total exposure) with inter treatment interval of 48 h. Birds were treated with either dietary vitD3 at 4,000 IU/kg (HD) or UVB light (UVB). The UVB lamp (24 Watt 12% UVB D3, 55 cm) with wavelength: 280–315 nm, intensity; 28.12 μW/cm2 hung 50 cm above the substrate was used for the broilers in all the treatment groups but were filtered to remove UVB in the HD group. Growth performance measure; body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were estimated at the end of starter (day 10), grower (day 24), and finisher periods (day 38). Broilers were feather and gait scored to measure welfare at 22/35 and 24/37 days of age, respectively. The selected birds were weighed and euthanized to obtain serum to determine 25-OH-D3 and CORT levels, GIT weights, and gut histology. Subjecting the birds to 2-week social isolation (for 15 min, three times per week) increased CORT levels but did not alter GP and 25-OH-D3 levels of broilers. However, UVB-treated broilers demonstrated better welfare, duodenal absorptive capacity, and reduced FCR compared to HD chickens. Results suggest some beneficial effects of UVB lighting on welfare indicators and the potential to support early life growth of commercial broilers reared indoors, which are often challenged with stressors.

scholarly journals Supplementing Garlic Nanohydrogel Optimized Growth, Gastrointestinal Integrity and Economics and Ameliorated Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens Using a Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2027
Author(s):  
Doaa Ibrahim ◽  
Tamer Ahmed Ismail ◽  
Eman Khalifa ◽  
Shaimaa A. Abd El-Kader ◽  
Dalia Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intestinal Lesion

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) results in impaired bird growth performance and increased production costs. Nanotechnology application in the poultry industry to control NE outbreaks is still not completely clarified. Therefore, the efficacy of dietary garlic nano-hydrogel (G-NHG) on broilers growth performance, intestinal integrity, economic returns and its potency to alleviate C. perfringens levels using NE challenge model were addressed. A total of 1200 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned into six groups; four supplemented with 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg of G-NHG/kg diet and co-challenged with C. perfringens at 21, 22 and 23 d of age and two control groups fed basal diet with or without C. perfringens challenge. Over the total growing period, the 400 mg/kg G-NHG group had the most improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency regardless of challenge. Parallel with these results, the mRNA expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes (alpha 2A amylase (AMY2A), pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK)) and intestinal barriers (junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2), occludin and mucin-2 (Muc-2)) were increased in groups fed G-NHG at higher levels to be nearly similar to those in the unchallenged group. At 14 d post challenge, real-time PCR results revealed that inclusion of G-NHG led to a dose-dependently decrease in the C. perfringens population, thereby decreasing the birds’ intestinal lesion score and mortality rates. Using 400 mg/kg of G-NHG remarkably ameliorated the adverse effects of NE caused by C. perfringens challenge, which contributed to better growth performance of challenged birds with rational economic benefits.

scholarly journals Effect of energy to protein ratio using alternative feed ingredients on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alqazzaz ◽  
A.A. Samsudin ◽  
L.H. Idris ◽  
D. Ismail ◽  
H. Akit
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Black Soldier Fly Larvae ◽  
Different Levels

Present study was conducted to evaluate the different levels of energy to protein ratios (EPR) using food waste and black soldier fly larvae meal (FWBSFL) on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers. A total of 160 one-day old broiler chicks were divided randomly to four groups and each group had 8 replicates with 5 chicks per replicate. The control diet was formulated using conventional feed ingredients with EPR of 154 for the starter period and 167 for the finisher period. The other treatments were diets with normal, low, and high EPR (154,143, and 166 for the starter period; 167, 155, and 177 for the finisher period) using FWBSFL. Feed consumption and body weight gain as well as digestibility of crude protein, crude fiber, and fat were decreased due to feeding of FWBSFL diets. Different levels of EPR using FWBSFL decreased growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake of Vitamin D from Dairy Products Reduces the Risk of Osteoporosis

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Polzonetti ◽  
Stefania Pucciarelli ◽  
Silvia Vincenzetti ◽  
Paolo Polidori
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Older People ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Dietary Vitamin

Background: Vitamin D and calcium are important dietary compounds that affect bone mass, even if other minerals (potassium, zinc, etc.) and vitamins (A, C and K) are also involved. Vitamin D and certain minerals, in fact, play an important role in calcium homeostasis and calcium absorption. Hip fracture incidence is higher in Europe and the United States, where calcium is frequently included in the human diet; while the occurrence of these fractures is lower in developing countries, where diets are often poor in calcium. This condition is named the “calcium paradox”, and may be partially explained by phosphate toxicity, which can negatively affect mineral metabolism. It is important to maintain correct dietary calcium-phosphate balance in order to have a healthy life, reducing the risk of osteoporotic fractures in older people. Vitamin D can also act as a hormone; vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol) is derived from the UV-B radiation of ergosterol, the natural vitamin D precursor detected in plants, fungi, and invertebrates. Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is synthesized by sunlight exposure from 7-dehydrocholesterol, a precursor of cholesterol that can also act as provitamin D3. Dietary intake of vitamin D3 is essential when the skin is exposed for short periods to ultraviolet B light (UV-B), a category of invisible light rays such as UV-A and UV-C. This can be considered the usual situation in northern latitudes during the winter season, or the typical lifestyle for older people and/or for people with very white delicate skin. The actual recommended daily intake of dietary vitamin D is strictly correlated with age, ranging from 5 μg for infants, children, teenagers, and adults—including pregnant and lactating women—to 15 μg for people over 65 years.

scholarly journals Effects of Neem and Nishyinda leaves supplementation on growth performance and gut biosis in broiler

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Atikur Rahaman ◽  
Md Bazlar Rashid ◽  
Md Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Rakibul Islam ◽  
Fahima Binthe Aziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Group D

This study was conducted under the Department of Physiology and Pharmacology to determine the effects of Neem and Nishyinda leaves supplementation on growth performance and GUT biosis in broilers. A total of 40 day old broiler chicks were divided into four groups A, B, C and D. Group A was considered as control, fed only with commercial broiler ration. Group B supplemented with formulation of 2 gm grinded Neem leaves, Group C with 2 gm grinded Nishyinda leaves and Group D with 1 gm grinded Neem leaves plus 1 gm grinded Nishyinda leaves per liter of water respectively. Observations were recorded for live body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, hemato-biochemical parameters and GUT biosis specially the parasite of birds in six weeks. Body weights were increased significantly (p<0.05) in all treated groups in respect to the control and highest was recorded in combine Neem plus Nishyinda supplemented groups (Group D). No significant (p>0.05) differences were observed among the groups for PCV and TEC values. Hb content increased and ESR decreased significantly (p<0.05) with combine Neem plus Nishyinda supplemented group (Group D). The serum SGOT and SGPT levels were also decreased with the same kind of supplementation. In treatment group there was significantly decreased of parasitic eggs, but in case of control group no decrease of parasitic eggs. There was no significant pathological change in any internal organs of the broiler of treated groups. Best result was found in the group D. The present study reveals that combine supplementation of Neem plus Nishyinda gives better result over other groups in respect to body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, hemato-biochemical parameter and profitability without making any health hazard of the broilers. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2020, 6(2): 168-175

The impact of laboratory chow for rats in the experiments: Chemical and biological evaluation of nine grain-based diet options

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
RS Ferreira ◽  
L de Souza Morelini ◽  
EMC de Azeredo ◽  
ECS Vieira ◽  
EB Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Efficiency Ratio ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Net Protein

Cereal-based diets formulated as semi-purified diets can provide flexibility for researchers, enabling open controlled formulas, besides being cheaper than purified diets. Seeking to widen the researchers’ options in their experimental design developments, we aimed at assaying the chemical score, growth performance and protein utilization of nine semi-purified experimental chows. These diets were formulated at 17.8%, 12% and 8% protein contents, using three variations of ingredients for each one, as follows: casein (C), casein+soybean meal (C+S, 1:1 w/w protein) and casein+soybean meal+corn gluten meal (C+S+G, 1:1:1 w/w protein), without cysteine supplementation and setting casein 17.8% (AIN-93G) as reference diet. The diets C and C+S (17.8%) had the Cys as the limiting amino acid once the addition of gluten turns the Lys as second limiting. All diets had the potential for promoting growth with body mass gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR; chow consumed per body weight gain, average 3.12) and feed efficiency ratio (FER; body weight gain per chow consumed, average 0.3), except for C+S+G 8% (FCR = 6 g; FER = 0.13). These variations were mainly due to the protein amounts independently from the protein ingredient used and could characterize the C+S+G 8% as unable to support growth. For the other parameters (digestibility, net protein ratio, net protein utilization and protein efficiency ratio), there were no relevant differences between the diets. We can conclude that 17.8%, 12% and 8% chows (C and C+S) allowed a proper combination of ingredients from the point of view of palatability, nutrient availability/utilization, metabolic processes, growth performance and feed utilization parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Organic Minerals on Growth Performance of Broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 235-242
Author(s):  
Vinus N. S. Maan ◽  
B. S. Tewatia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Organic Minerals

A study was conducted to assess the effects of replacing inorganic ‘zinc’ and ‘manganese’ with different levels of their organic complexes on growth performance and nutrient metabolizability of broilers. Experiment was conducted with 300 broiler chicks randomly divided into six groups, each consisting of 50 broiler chicks. All groups were further subdivided into five replications each containing 10 broiler chicks. The basal ration was formulated as per BIS (2007) specifications to meet energy and protein requirements of birds. In experimental groups, first group was kept as negative control (T1) containing mineral mixture without ‘zinc’ and ‘manganese’ and T2 (positive control containing mineral mixture with inorganic salts of ‘zinc’ and ‘manganese’) while experimental groups T3, T4, T5 and T6 were supplemented with mineral mixture incorporated with organic ‘zinc’ and organic ‘manganese’ @ 50 and 100% in substitution of their inorganic sources. The highest body weight gain (2334.4g) and improved FCR (1.76) in broilers was observed in T6 group which was significantly (P<0.05) better than negative and positive control groups.

scholarly journals Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96
Author(s):  
Kornkamon Hanchai ◽  
Tassanee Trairatapiwan ◽  
Rachakris Lertpatarakomol
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Wood Vinegar ◽  
Significant Difference

Background and Aim: Wood vinegar is a product generated from the combustion and distillation of wood and other plant materials. It has been shown to suppress bacteria, resulting in healthier livestock and increased yields. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar on growth performance, intestinal health, and gut microbial of broilers. Materials and Methods: A total of 120 Ross 308 1-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly distributed in a completely randomized experimental design. The study consisted of three treatments containing four replicates, with 10 birds in each. Treatments were given 0.5% and 1.0% (V/V) wood vinegar supplemented in drinking water, while no supplementation was given to the control group. The animals were raised in an open-house system. All groups were provided with a commercial diet and drinking water ad libitum. Analysis of variance was conducted using the general linear model procedure to compare the levels of wood vinegar supplementation in drinking water on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and gut microbial. Results: No significant differences (p>0.05) were found for body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and water consumption between groups during the starter (1-21 days old), grower (22-35 days old), and whole (1-35 days old) growth periods. Moreover, no significant differences in villi height and crypt depth (p>0.05) at 21 and 35 days of age were found. In addition, no significant difference in terms of lactic acid bacteria and Escherichia coli was found between the different treatments. Conclusion: Drinking water supplemented with wood vinegar was not found to have an effect on the growth performance and gut microbial of broiler chickens in the present study. However, the supplementation of wood vinegar in drinking water could improve intestinal morphology.

scholarly journals Effects of heat stress on growth performance, selected physiological and immunological parameters, caecal microflora, and meat quality in two broiler strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 778-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmutaz Atta Awad ◽  
Muhamad Najaa ◽  
Zainool Abidin Zulaikha ◽  
Idrus Zulkifli ◽  
Abdoreza Farjam Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Temperature Interactions

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of normal and heat stress environments on growth performance and, selected physiological and immunological parameters, caecal microflora and meat quality in Cobb 500 and Ross 308 broilers.Methods: One-hundred-and-twenty male broiler chicks from each strain (one-day-old) were randomly assigned in groups of 10 to 24 battery cages. Ambient temperature on day (d) 1 was set at 32°C and gradually reduced to 23°C on d 21. From d 22 to 35, equal numbers of birds from each strain were exposed to a temperature of either 23°C throughout (normal) or 34°C for 6 h (heat stress).Results: From d 1 to 21, strain had no effect (p>0.05) on feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), or the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Except for creatine kinase, no strain×temperature interactions were observed for all the parameters measured. Regardless of strain, heat exposure significantly (p<0.05) reduced FI and BWG (d 22 to 35 and 1 to 35), immunoglobulin Y (IgY) and IgM, while increased FCR (d 22 to 35 and 1 to 35) and serum levels of glucose and acute phase proteins (APPs). Regardless of temperature, the Ross 308 birds had significantly (p<0.05) lower IgA and higher finisher and overall BWG compared to Cobb 500.Conclusion: The present study suggests that the detrimental effects of heat stress are consistent across commercial broiler strains because there were no significant strain×temperature interactions for growth performance, serum APPs and immunoglobulin responses, meat quality, and ceacal microflora population.

Effect of dietary supplementation of vitamin E, zinc, and chromium supplementation on growth performance and hematological characteristics of broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazim Ali ◽  
Mohammad Akram ◽  
Ahmad Fahim ◽  
Balvir Singh ◽  
Mohammad Imran
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Wood Shavings

The study investigated the effect of supplementation of Vitamin E, Zn and Cr on growth performance and hematological characteristics of broiler chickens. The 240 day old Cobb 400 chicks were randomly distributed in eight groups consisting of 30 chicks in each. These chicks were kept on deep litter houses comprising of wood shavings. The supplementation of Vitamin E, zinc and chromium either individually or in combination improved the feed conversion ratio and body weight gain in broiler chicks. The body weight of broiler chickens at different age from day old to the 6th week were significantly different among treatments. The highest body weight was recorded in T8 groups. Heamoglobin, red blood corpuscles and white blood cells levels increased whereas heterophil: lymphocyte ratio statistically decreased with vitamin E, zinc or chromium supplemented groups either individually or in combinations.

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