scholarly journals Impacts of Ethanol Production and Drying Conditions on the Chemical, Physical, and Flowability Properties of Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt A. Rosentrater ◽  
Yanhong Zhang ◽  
Brian Wrenn
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Distillers Dried Grains ◽  
Manufacturing Operations ◽  
Grain Processing ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Drying Conditions

The production of corn-based ethanol in the U.S. has dramatically increasied in recent years, and consequently so has the quantity of coproduct feed ingredients generated from this segment of the grain processing industry. These streams are almost exclusively utilized as livestock feed, which partially offsets the need for corn in feed rations, but other value-added applications do exist. Because of its use as an animal feed, considerable research has been conducted into the nutritional properties, but to a lesser extent the physical and flowability properties of commercially-produced distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). There can be occasions when the quality of coproducts is not consistent. Thus questions regarding the influence of processing operations on the resulting coproduct characteristics must be examined. The objective of this research was to conduct extensive physical and flowability property analyses on DDGS samples which were produced under varying conditions in a pilot plant-scale ethanol plant, in order to investigate the effects of various manufacturing operations (specifically ethanol production and drying conditions) on the resulting properties of the DDGS. Using various laboratory methods, a variety of properties, including bulk density and angle of repose, were determined. DDGS fat content was highly correlated with aerated and packed bulk densities, which indicates that fat level plays a key role in flowability behavior. Future studies should examine this potential relationship in more depth, especially as the industry has moved to fat reduction via oil separation processes.

Physico-Chemical and Functional Properties of Nine Proso Millet Cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 1165-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manjot Singh ◽  
Akinbode Adedeji ◽  
Dipak Santra
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pasting Properties ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Proso Millet ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Extension Center

Abstract. Evaluation of the postharvest properties of nine proso millet cultivars was carried out to determine their physical and engineering properties, which are very useful for designing appropriate systems for process operations such as sorting, drying, heating, cooling, and milling. Nine cultivars of proso millet comprising waxy and non-waxy types, namely Cope, Earlybird, Huntsman, Minco, Plateau, Sunrise, Rise, Dawn, and Panhandle, were obtained from the Panhandle Research and Extension Center, University of Nebraska, Scottsbluff. Results showed significant (p < 0.05) differences in their physical properties, such as sphericity, volume, bulk density, porosity, and angle of repose, which ranged from 0.86 to 0.91, from 3.94 to 5.14 mm3, from 765.49 to 809.67 kg m-3, from 42.49% to 44.20%, and from 22.98° to 25.74°, respectively. The cultivars were also evaluated for their pasting and gelatinization properties, and high correlation was found between amylose content and onset temperature (r = -0.94), peak gelatinization temperature (r = -0.92), peak viscosity (r = 0.84), final viscosity (r = 0.91), and setback viscosity (r = 0.90). The understanding of these basic physical and functional properties of proso millet cultivars will form the foundation for processing them into value-added products. Keywords: Chemical properties, Pasting properties, Proso millet.

scholarly journals Camelina sativa meal hydrolysate as sustainable biomass for the production of carotenoids by Rhodosporidium toruloides

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Bertacchi ◽  
Maurizio Bettiga ◽  
Danilo Porro ◽  
Paola Branduardi
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Camelina Sativa ◽  
Rhodosporidium Toruloides ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Separate Hydrolysis And Fermentation ◽  
Camelina Meal ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

Abstract Background: The sustainability of biorefineries is strongly related to the origin, the availability and the market of the biomass used as feedstock. Moreover, one of the pillars of circular economy aims at reducing waste, ideally to zero. These considerations well justify the increasing industrial interest in exploiting many and diverse residual biomasses. This work focuses on the valorization of the leftover from Camelina sativa oil extraction, named Camelina meal. Despite Camelina meal is used as animal feed, there is an increasing interest in further valorizing its macromolecular content or its nutritional value. Results: Here we valorized Camelina meal hydrolysates by using them as nutrient and energy source for shake-flask fermentations where Rhodosporidium toruloides , a yeast natural producer of carotenoids, accumulated these pigments as desired product. Initially, by total acid hydrolysis we determined that in Camelina meal carbohydrates account for a maximum of 30.8 ± 1.0 %. However, since the acid hydrolysis is not optimal for subsequent microbial fermentation, an enzymatic hydrolysis protocol was assessed, obtaining a maximum sugar recovery of 53.3%. Having stated that, by Separate Hydrolysis and Fermentation, with or without water insoluble solids (SHF, SHF+WIS), or Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) we obtained 5.51 ± 0.67, 12.64 ± 2.57, and 15.97 ± 0.67 mg/L of carotenoids, respectively, from Camelina meal hydrolysate. Significantly, the presence of WIS, possibly containing microbial inhibitors, correlates with a higher titer of carotenoids, which can be seen as scavengers. Conclusions: The proposed study paves the way for the development of bioprocesses based on the exploitation of Camelina meal, scarcely investigated in the field before, as feedstock. The processes depicted provide an example of how different final products of industrial interests can be obtained from this leftover, such as pure carotenoids and carotenoid-enriched Camelina meal for the feed industry, without diminishing but possibly increasing its initial value. These data provide valuable basis for the economic evaluations necessary to assess the feasibility of a bioprocess based on Camelina meal to obtain high-value added products.

scholarly journals Development of New Chip Products from Brewer’s Spent Grain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Reann Garrett ◽  
Danielle Bellmer ◽  
William McGlynn ◽  
Patricia Rayas-Duarte
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Evaluation ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Processing Waste ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
Brewer’S Spent Grain ◽  
Spent Grain

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is a processing waste generated in large quantities by the brewing industry. It is estimated that over 38 million tons of BSG is produced worldwide each year and is usually used as animal feed, composted, or thrown into landfills. BSG contains valuable nutritional components, including protein, fiber, and antioxidants. Due to its brittle texture, strong nutty flavors, and dark color profiles, BSG has seen limited use in food products for human consumption. The objective of this study was to develop a palatable chip product that maximized the level of inclusion of BSG. Chips were produced that contained BSG levels ranging from 8% to 40%, and the physical and sensory properties of the chips were evaluated. Spent grain samples were provided by Iron Monk in Stillwater and were dried at a low temperature and milled into flour for use in the chip formulation. BSG chips were evaluated for water activity, color, and texture (fracture force). An informal sensory evaluation was conducted to evaluate flavor, texture, and probability of purchase using a 5-point hedonic rating scale. Results showed that there were no significant differences in the texture of the chips containing different levels of BSG. The color measurements showed no significant differences between L ∗ and a ∗ values for the chips containing different inclusion levels of BSG, but there were some differences in the b ∗ values. Results from the sensory evaluation showed that consumers preferred the texture of chips with 40% BSG over chips with 8% BSG, and they were also more likely to purchase the 40% BSG chips. There were no significant differences in flavor among the chips containing different inclusion levels of BSG. These results suggest that, for a chip-type product, BSG inclusion levels up to 40% are possible with positive consumer responses. Development of an alternative value-added product represents an opportunity for breweries nationwide to turn a processing waste into a future asset.

scholarly journals Thermophilic Degradation of Hemicellulose, a Critical Feedstock in the Production of Bioenergy and Other Value-Added Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 86 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Isaac Cann ◽  
Gabriel V. Pereira ◽  
Ahmed M. Abdel-Hamid ◽  
Heejin Kim ◽  
Daniel Wefers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Renewable Fuels ◽  
Microbial Enzymes

ABSTRACT Renewable fuels have gained importance as the world moves toward diversifying its energy portfolio. A critical step in the biomass-to-bioenergy initiative is deconstruction of plant cell wall polysaccharides to their unit sugars for subsequent fermentation to fuels. To acquire carbon and energy for their metabolic processes, diverse microorganisms have evolved genes encoding enzymes that depolymerize polysaccharides to their carbon/energy-rich building blocks. The microbial enzymes mostly target the energy present in cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, three major forms of energy storage in plants. In the effort to develop bioenergy as an alternative to fossil fuel, a common strategy is to harness microbial enzymes to hydrolyze cellulose to glucose for fermentation to fuels. However, the conversion of plant biomass to renewable fuels will require both cellulose and hemicellulose, the two largest components of the plant cell wall, as feedstock to improve economic feasibility. Here, we explore the enzymes and strategies evolved by two well-studied bacteria to depolymerize the hemicelluloses xylan/arabinoxylan and mannan. The sets of enzymes, in addition to their applications in biofuels and value-added chemical production, have utility in animal feed enzymes, a rapidly developing industry with potential to minimize adverse impacts of animal agriculture on the environment.

Assessment for animal feed of maize kernels naturally-infected predominantly with Fusarium moniliforme and Diplodia maydis. I. Fungal isolations and changes in chemical composition

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 773 ◽  
Author(s):  
KC Williams ◽  
BJ Blaney ◽  
RL Dodman ◽  
CL Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Ear Rot ◽  
White Variety ◽  
N Content ◽  
Acremonium Strictum ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Fungal Associations ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Penicillium Spp

A study was made of the physical characteristics, fungal associations and the chemical composition of five batches of maize grain (designated A, B, J, M and P) damaged by ear-rot. All batches were the yellow hybrid, Dekalb XL81, except batch A which was a white variety, Dekalb DS456W. Batch A was separated by vibrating gravity grading into heavy (A-H) and light (A-L) fractions. For each batch, kernels were sorted visually into sound and mould-damaged samples to examine for any differences. The proportion of sound kernels in batches A, A-H, A-L, B, J, M and P was 874, 926, 260, 830, 854, 789 and 964 g kg-' respectively. Bulk density (r = 0.98) and 100 seed weight (r = 0.81) were highly correlated (P < 0.01) with the proportion of mould-damaged kernel in the sample. In visually sound kernels, Fusarium monilifome, Acremonium strictum and Penicillium spp. were the most prevalent fungi isolated. In visually damaged kernels, F. moniliforme was the fungus most frequently isolated other than for batch J where D. maydis was equally prevalent. Penicillium spp. and F. subglutinans were found in all batches but at low isolation frequencies. Compared to the respective sample of sound kernel, the content of crude protein and ash was increased and crude fat was decreased by the mould damage (P < 0-05); fibre, though more variable, was generally increased but gross energy was unaffected (P > 0.05). In visually sound kernels, the amounts of threonine, valine and glycine in the protein (g 16gN-1 ) decreased (P < 0.05) with increasing grain N content. In contrast, in visually mould-damaged kernels, lysine increased and histidine and cystine decreased with increasing grain N content (P < 0.05).

scholarly journals Valorization of Mushroom By-Products as a Source of Value-Added Compounds and Potential Applications

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (11) ◽  
pp. 2672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filipa Antunes ◽  
Sara Marçal ◽  
Oludemi Taofiq ◽  
Alcina M. M. B. Morais ◽  
Ana Cristina Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Food System ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Pharmaceutical Formulations ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Future Research ◽  
By Products

Nowadays, the food sector is highly concerned with environmental issues and foreseen to develop strategies to reduce waste and losses resulting from activities developed in the food system. An approach is to increment added value to the agro-industrial wastes, which might provide economic growth and environmental protection, contributing to a circular economy. Mushroom by-products represent a disposal problem, but they are also promising sources of important compounds, which may be used due to their functional and nutritional properties. Research has been developed in different fields to obtain value added solutions for the by-products generated during mushroom production and processing. Bioactive compounds have been obtained and applied in the development of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations. Additionally, other applications have been explored and include animal feed, fertilizer, bioremediation, energy production, bio-based materials, cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. The main purpose of this review is to highlight the relevant composition of mushroom by-products and discuss their potential as a source of functional compounds and other applications. Future research needs to explore pilot and industrial scale extraction methods to understand the technological feasibility and the economic sustainability of the bioactive compounds extraction and valorization towards different applications.

Desiccant from Cassava for Dehydration of Alcohol Vapor at Near Azeotropic Concentration

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 126-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panarat Rattanaphanee ◽  
Watcharapong Laha ◽  
Chontira Boonfung
Keyword(s):  
Water Adsorption ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Alternative Technique ◽  
Adsorption System ◽  
Feed Manufacturing ◽  
Alcohol Vapor ◽  
Cassava Pulp

Wet cassava pulp is generated in large quantity during a production of cassava starch. Major utilization of the pulp is in animal feed manufacturing. During a period of low demand, this material could accumulate and decompose causing air pollution in areas surround the starch factories. This research used biomass desiccant prepared from cassava pulp in a bench-scale packed-bed adsorption system to study the dehydration of ethanol and n-propanol vapor at concentration near their azeotropic points. The sorption capacity was found to be 0.053 and 0.119 gwater/gdesiccant for ethanol and iso-propanol at concentration of 80 %(w/w) and 0.109 gwater/gdesiccant for n-propanol at concentration of 65 %(w/w). Alcoholic solutions with concentration higher than their aqueous azeotropic points, which could not be achieved by normal fractional distillation, were obtained in all the experiments. This study elucidates that cassava pulp could be value-added, and water adsorption using cassava-derived desiccant could be an alternative technique for production of high purity alcohols.

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