scholarly journals Polymer Scaffolds-Enhanced Bone Regeneration in Osteonecrosis Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hengliang Dong ◽  
Tongtong Zhu ◽  
Mingran Zhang ◽  
Dapeng Wang ◽  
Xukai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Core Decompression ◽  
Polymer Scaffolds ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Composite Polymers ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Bone Graft Substitutes

Osteonecrosis without effective early treatment eventually leads to the collapse of the articular surface and causes arthritis. For the early stages of osteonecrosis, core decompression combined with bone grafting, is a procedure worthy of attention and clinical trial. And the study of bone graft substitutes has become a hot topic in the area of osteonecrosis research. In recent years, polymers have received more attention than other materials due to their excellent performance. However, because of the harsh microenvironment in osteonecrosis, pure polymers may not meet the stringent requirements of osteonecrosis research. The combined application of polymers and various other substances makes up for the shortcomings of polymers, and to meet a broad range of requirements for application in osteonecrosis therapy. This review focuses on various applying polymers in osteonecrosis therapy, then discusses the development of biofunctionalized composite polymers based on the polymers combined with different bioactive substances. At the end, we discuss their prospects for translation to clinical practice.

scholarly journals The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma for the Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Han ◽  
Fuqiang Gao ◽  
Yajia Li ◽  
Jinhui Ma ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Femoral Head ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Core Decompression ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Autologous Plasma ◽  
Operation Modes

Background. As a pathological process, osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is characterized by the avascularity of the femoral head, cellular necrosis, microfracture, and the collapse of the articular surface. Currently, critical treatment for early-stage ONFH is limited to core decompression. However, the efficacy of core decompression remains controversial. To improve the core decompression efficacy, regenerative techniques such as the use of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were proposed for early-stage ONFH. As a type of autologous plasma containing concentrations of platelets greater than the baseline, PRP plays an important role in tissue repair, regeneration, and the differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the operation modes, mechanism, and efficacy of PRP for early-stage ONFH treatment. Methods. We searched for relevant studies in the PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases. By searching these electronic databases, the identification of either clinical or experimental studies evaluating PRP, MSC, core decompression, and ONFH was our goal. Results. Seventeen studies of PRP and avascular necrosis of the femoral head were evaluated in our review. Ten studies related to the possible mechanism of PRP for treating ONFH were reviewed. Seven studies of the operation modes of PRP in treating ONFH were identified. We reviewed the efficacy of PRP in treating ONFH systematically and made an attempt to compare the PRP operation modes in 7 studies and other operation modes in past studies for early-stage ONFH treatment. Conclusion. PRP treats ONFH mainly through three mechanisms: inducing angiogenesis and osteogenesis to accelerate bone healing, inhibiting inflammatory reactions in necrotic lesions, and preventing apoptosis induced by glucocorticoids. In addition, as an adjunctive therapy for core decompression, the use of PRP is recommended to improve the treatment of early-stage ONFH patients, especially when combined with stem cells and bone grafts, by inducing osteogenic activity and stimulating the differentiation of stem cells in necrotic lesions.

scholarly journals Fractional laser and laser assisted corticosteroid delivery for hypertrophic scars in thermal burns

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Putu Susari Widianingsih ◽  
Cita Rosita S. Prakoeswa
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Hypertrophic Scars ◽  
Fractional Laser ◽  
Laser Technology ◽  
Thermal Burns ◽  
Post Operative Period ◽  
Other Substances

The unprecedented survival of individuals who sustain acute burns and other trauma has increased the necessity for effective modalities in the treatment and rehabilitation of patients. Hypertrophic scars and contractures are common following thermal burns injury. Cutaneous scars can be complex and thus the approach to therapy is often multimodal with only moderate success. Intralesional corticosteroids have long been a main treatment of hypertrophic and restrictive scars. Recent advance in laser technology and applications now provide additional options for improvements in function, symptoms, and cosmesis. The ablative zones created by fractional ablative lasers may also be used in the immediate post-operative period to enhance delivery of drugs and other substances. This case report shows the successful use of fractional laser assisted corticosteroid to treat burn scars. It is need more extensive clinical trial to prove this method can be a therapeutic option for the extensive cutaneous scarring in burn patients.

scholarly journals Features of Partial Rotator Cuff Tears Diagnostics

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Logvinov ◽  
D. O. Ilyin ◽  
P. M. Kadantsev ◽  
O. V. Makarieva ◽  
M. E. Burtsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Shoulder Joint ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Supraspinatus Tendon ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Joint Surface ◽  
Subacromial Space ◽  
Diagnostic Significance ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Shoulder Range Of Motion

Partial rotator cuff tears are the most common pathology of the shoulder joint. Diagnostic of such conditions is a challenging problem for trauma surgeon.Purpose of the study is to analyze the diagnostic significance of manual tests and the standard MRI of the shoulder joint.Materials and Methods. The study is a retrospective analysis of disease history data of 25 patients (15 males, 10 females) treated at the authors’ hospital during the period from 2014 to 2017. Examination was performed according to a standard protocol: assessment of shoulder range of motion, palpation, manual examination, including “full/empty can” test, a painful arc symptom and the Hawkins – Kennedy test. All patients underwent MRI of the shoulder joint. The mean age of patients was 50.8 years. Shoulder joint arthroscopic inspection was considered the gold standard for diagnostics.Results. After data analysis, the following results were obtained: sensitivity of the “full can” test was 68%, the accuracy was 68%; “empty can” test sensitivity and accuracy were 76%, respectively. MRI sensitivity for diagnostics of supraspinatus tendon ruptures was 84% with the accuracy of 84%. The combination of the Hawkins – Kennedy test with the symptom of painful arch demonstrated accuracy and sensitivity of 64%. The study evaluated the effectiveness of MRI for diagnostic of the rupture type: sensitivity for injury from the joint surface — 80%, from the subacromial space — 70%; specificity for ruptures from the articular surface — 90% and from the subacromial space — 93%. The accuracy was 84% for both types of ruptures.Conclusions. Combined application of manual tests and MRI of the shoulder joint allows to diagnose partial rotator cuff tears in the majority of cases.

scholarly journals Advances in Skin Wound and Scar Repair by Polymer Scaffolds

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (20) ◽  
pp. 6110
Author(s):  
Shuiqing Zhou ◽  
Qiusheng Wang ◽  
Ao Huang ◽  
Hongdou Fan ◽  
Shuqin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Drug Application ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Wound Healing Process ◽  
Polymer Scaffolds ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Cell Adhesion And Migration

Scars, as the result of abnormal wound-healing response after skin injury, may lead to loss of aesthetics and physical dysfunction. Current clinical strategies, such as surgical excision, laser treatment, and drug application, provide late remedies for scarring, yet it is difficult to eliminate scars. In this review, the functions, roles of multiple polymer scaffolds in wound healing and scar inhibition are explored. Polysaccharide and protein scaffolds, an analog of extracellular matrix, act as templates for cell adhesion and migration, differentiation to facilitate wound reconstruction and limit scarring. Stem cell-seeded scaffolds and growth factors-loaded scaffolds offer significant bioactive substances to improve the wound healing process. Special emphasis is placed on scaffolds that continuously release oxygen, which greatly accelerates the vascularization process and ensures graft survival, providing convincing theoretical support and great promise for scarless healing.

A SATURATED LIQUID DENSITY CORRELATION FOR PURE REFRIGERANTS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250004 ◽  
Author(s):  
KYOUNG KUHN PARK
Keyword(s):  
Taylor Series Expansion ◽  
Liquid Density ◽  
Saturated Liquid ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Density Correlation ◽  
Liquid Saturation ◽  
New Correlation ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Saturated Liquid Density ◽  
Triple Point Temperature

A modification is proposed of the Chouaieb–Ghazouani–Bellagi (CGB) correlation for the saturated liquid density. After we examined the values of the critical exponent, which is a nonlinear parameter for the CGB correlation, we assumed that the exponent deviates by a small amount from the theoretical value of 0.325. Then, a Taylor-series expansion was conducted for the CGB correlation in order to develop a new correlation with two linear adjustable parameters. Data on the saturated liquid density for 70 pure fluids including 43 refrigerants from the NIST Chemistry WebBook in the whole vapor-liquid saturation range were fitted to the new and existing correlations. The results show that the new correlation yields better performance for substances of which reduced triple point temperature is higher than 0.4. Excellent performance (i.e., AAD < 0.1%) can be achieved with the modified CGB for 14 fluids but only for four fluids with the modified Guggenheim model.

Effects of N-acetylcysteine on substance use in bipolar disorder: A randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Bernardo ◽  
Seetal Dodd ◽  
Clarissa S. Gama ◽  
David L Copolov ◽  
Olivia Dean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Other Substances

Objective:To evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on substance use in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of NAC in bipolar disorder. It is hypothesised that NAC will be superior to placebo for reducing scores on the Clinical Global Impressions scale for Substance Use (CGI-SU).Methods:Participants were randomised to a 6-months of treatment with 2 g/day NAC (n = 38) or placebo (n = 37). Substance use was assessed at baseline using a Habits instrument. Change in substance use was assessed at regular study visits using the CGI-SU.Results:Among the 75 participants 78.7% drank alcohol (any frequency), 45.3% smoked tobacco and 92% consumed caffeine. Other substances were used by fewer than six participants. Caffeine use was significantly lower for NAC-treated participants compared to placebo at week 2 of treatment but not at other study visits.Conclusions:NAC appeared to have little effect on the participants who were using substances. A larger study on a substance-using population will be necessary to determine if NAC may be a useful treatment for substance use.

scholarly journals Severe allergic reactions after COVID-19 vaccination with the Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine in Great Britain and USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludger Klimek ◽  
Natalija Novak ◽  
Eckard Hamelmann ◽  
Thomas Werfel ◽  
Martin Wagenmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Foreign Protein ◽  
Severe Allergic Reaction ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Pivotal Phase ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
Life Threatening

SummaryTwo employees of the National Health Service (NHS) in England developed severe allergic reactions following administration of BNT162b2 vaccine against COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019). The British SmPC for the BNT162b2 vaccine already includes reference to a contraindication for use in individuals who have had an allergic reaction to the vaccine or any of its components. As a precautionary measure, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) has issued interim guidance to the NHS not to vaccinate in principle in “patients with severe allergies”. Allergic reactions to vaccines are very rare, but vaccine components are known to cause allergic reactions. BNT162b2 is a vaccine based on an mRNA embedded in lipid nanoparticles and blended with other substances to enable its transport into the cells. In the pivotal phase III clinical trial, the BNT162b2 vaccine was generally well tolerated, but this large clinical trial, used to support vaccine approval by the MHRA and US Food and Drug Administration, excluded individuals with a “history of a severe adverse reaction related to the vaccine and/or a severe allergic reaction (e.g., anaphylaxis) to a component of the study medication”. Vaccines are recognized as one of the most effective public health interventions. This repeated administration of a foreign protein (antigen) necessitates a careful allergological history before each application and diagnostic clarification and a risk–benefit assessment before each injection. Severe allergic reactions to vaccines are rare but can be life-threatening, and it is prudent to raise awareness of this hazard among vaccination teams and to take adequate precautions while more experience is gained with this new vaccine.

scholarly journals Marine Algae from Black Sea - Important Resources in the Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Emin Cadar ◽  
Cristina Luiza Erimia ◽  
Aneta Tomescu ◽  
Stelian Paris ◽  
Rodica Sîrbu
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Cystoseira Barbata ◽  
Marine Biomass ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Other Substances

During the past years, it became obvious that the ecosystem presents a marine algae surpluses, which should be turned valuable in one way or another. The importance of the macrobenthic flora – algae and phanero-gammes – for the general productivity of the marine environment, especially in shallow waters, is becoming more and more obvious from the biological as well as from the economical point of view. The macrophytes also represent a particular life form. The benthic macroflora includes 33 species 4: 16 Chlorophyta, 10 Rhodophyta, 5 Phaeophyta, and 2 Phanerogama. The quantity of green algae (Chlorophyta) was higher in the Constanta – Eforie area, as red algae are predominant in the southern part of the littoral. Brown algae (Phaeophyta) were encountered in the Constanta city area (Punctaria) and in Vama-Veche (Cystoseira barbata). Yet, this fact indicates a slight amelioration of the marine ecosystem, after many years of eutrophication. The superior capitalisation of the marine biomass represents a highly important resource for the pharmaceutical industry, supplying raw material for the extraction of bioactive substances and various other substances, the purity of which is strongly connected to the state of the marine ecosystem.

scholarly journals Marine Algae from Black Sea - Important Resources in the Pharmaceutical and Medical Research

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Emin Cadar ◽  
Cristina Luiza Erimia ◽  
Aneta Tomescu ◽  
Stelian Paris ◽  
Rodica Sîrbu
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Cystoseira Barbata ◽  
Marine Biomass ◽  
Strongly Connected ◽  
Other Substances

During the past years, it became obvious that the ecosystem presents a marine algae surpluses, which should be turned valuable in one way or another. The importance of the macrobenthic flora – algae and phanero-gammes – for the general productivity of the marine environment, especially in shallow waters, is becoming more and more obvious from the biological as well as from the economical point of view. The macrophytes also represent a particular life form. The benthic macroflora includes 33 species 4: 16 Chlorophyta, 10 Rhodophyta, 5 Phaeophyta, and 2 Phanerogama. The quantity of green algae (Chlorophyta) was higher in the Constanta – Eforie area, as red algae are predominant in the southern part of the littoral. Brown algae (Phaeophyta) were encountered in the Constanta city area (Punctaria) and in Vama-Veche (Cystoseira barbata). Yet, this fact indicates a slight amelioration of the marine ecosystem, after many years of eutrophication. The superior capitalisation of the marine biomass represents a highly important resource for the pharmaceutical industry, supplying raw material for the extraction of bioactive substances and various other substances, the purity of which is strongly connected to the state of the marine ecosystem.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document