In Situ Investigation of Under-Deposit Microbial Corrosion and its Inhibition Using a Multi-Electrode Array System

Carbon steel pipelines used in the oil and gas industry can be susceptible to the combined presence of deposits and microorganisms, which can result in a complex phenomenon, recently termed under-deposit microbial corrosion (UDMC). UDMC and its inhibition in CO2 ambiance were investigated in real-time using a multi-electrode array (MEA) system and surface profilometry analysis. Maps from corrosion rates, galvanic currents, and corrosion potentials recorded at each microelectrode allowed the visualization of local corrosion events on the steel surface. A marine bacterium Enterobacter roggenkampii, an iron-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing microorganism, generated iron deposits on the surface that resulted in pitting corrosion under anaerobic conditions. Areas under deposits displayed anodic behavior, more negative potentials, higher corrosion rates, and pitting compared to areas outside deposits. In the presence of the organic film-forming corrosion inhibitor, 2-Mercaptopyrimidine, the marine bacterium induced local breakdown of the protective inhibitor film and subsequent pitting corrosion of carbon steel. The ability of the MEA system to locally measure self-corrosion processes, galvanic effects and, corrosion potentials across the surface demonstrated its suitability to detect, evaluate and monitor the UDMC process as well as the efficiency of corrosion inhibitors to prevent this corrosion phenomenon. This research highlights the importance of incorporating the microbial component to corrosion inhibitors evaluation to ensure chemical effectiveness in the likely scenario of deposit formation and microbial contamination in oil and gas production equipment.

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Proteomic study of Desulfovibrio ferrophilus IS5 reveals overexpressed extracellular multi-heme cytochrome associated with severe microbiologically influenced corrosion

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-95060-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mohor Chatterjee ◽

Yu Fan ◽

Fang Cao ◽

Aaron A. Jones ◽

Giovanni Pilloni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Oil And Gas Industry ◽

Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion ◽

Extracellular Electron Transfer ◽

Microbiological Corrosion ◽

Microbial Corrosion ◽

Gas Industry ◽

Reliable Detection ◽

Proteomic Study

AbstractMicrobiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is recognized as a considerable threat to carbon steel asset integrity in the oil and gas industry. There is an immediate need for reliable and broadly applicable methods for detection and monitoring of MIC. Proteins associated with microbial metabolisms involved in MIC could serve as useful biomarkers for MIC diagnosis and monitoring. A proteomic study was conducted using a lithotrophically-grown bacterium Desulfovibrio ferrophilus strain IS5, which is known to cause severe MIC in seawater environments. Unique proteins, which are differentially and uniquely expressed during severe microbial corrosion by strain IS5, were identified. This includes the detection of a multi-heme cytochrome protein possibly involved in extracellular electron transfer in the presence of the carbon steel. Thus, we conclude that this newly identified protein associated closely with severe MIC could be used to generate easy-to-implement immunoassays for reliable detection of microbiological corrosion in the field.

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Carboxylic Acids: Pitting Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Alkaline Medium and in the Presence of Chlorides

Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils ◽

10.1007/s10553-014-0504-6 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 50 (2) ◽

pp. 170-178 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

N. A. Almobarak ◽

M. M. El-Naggar ◽

R. S. Al-Mufraj ◽

O. A. Al-Zoghbi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Carboxylic Acids ◽

Alkaline Medium ◽

Pitting Corrosion ◽

Corrosion Inhibitors

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Studies on corrosion inhibitors for oil‐well tubular material in acid environments

Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials ◽

10.1108/00035599810216812 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 148-152 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Jeyaprabha ◽

S. Muralidharan ◽

D. Jayaperumal ◽

G. Venkatachari ◽

N.S. Rengaswamy

Keyword(s):

Quaternary Ammonium ◽

Acid Treatment ◽

Corrosion Inhibitors ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Quaternary Ammonium Compound ◽

Ammonium Compound ◽

Oil Well ◽

Gas Well ◽

Corrosion Rates ◽

Loss Method

To reduce the corrosion of oil‐ and gas‐well equipment during acid treatment, the acid must be inhibited. The behaviour of N‐80 oilfield material in 15 per cent hydrochloric acid solution inhibited by different inhibitor formulations containing amine, ester and a quaternary ammonium compound was studied at 303K for five hours by the mass loss method. The corrosion rates were obtained by polarisation. Impedance studies were carried out to evaluate the performance of the inhibitor formulations. It was found that the formulation containing 3,000ppm amine, 1,000ppm ester and 1,000ppm quaternary ammonium compound was effective for the specific oil‐well tubular material.

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Pitting Corrosion of a Low Carbon Steel in Corrosive Environments: Experiments and Models

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1132.349 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1132 ◽

pp. 349-365 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

S.K. Kolawole ◽

F.O. Kolawole ◽

O.P. Enegela ◽

O.O. Adewoye ◽

A.B.O. Soboyejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Pitting Corrosion ◽

Low Carbon Steel ◽

Carbon Steels ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Corrosive Media ◽

Corrosion Rates ◽

Effects Of Ph ◽

Corrosion Pits ◽

Corrosive Environments

This paper presents the results of the combined study of experiments and modeling of the pitting corrosion behavior of low carbon steel. The effects of pH are elucidated via experiments on low carbon steel exposed to various corrosive media. The corrosion rates for the steel samples immersed in various corrosive media were determined by polarization experiments via a gamry potentiostat. The microscopic observations of the surfaces reveal clear evidence of corrosion pits that increase in size with increasing exposure duration. The observed pit size distribution and the evolution of pit size are modeled using statistical models. The implications of the results are used for the application of low carbon steels in corrosive environment.

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Corrosion Inhibition by a Caesalpinia Sappan L Modified Imidazoline for Carbon Steel API 5L Grade X60 in HCl 1M Environment

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.929.158 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 929 ◽

pp. 158-170

Author(s):

Adam Septiyono Arlan ◽

Norman Subekti ◽

Johny Wahyuadi Soedarsono ◽

Andi Rustandi

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Carbon Steel ◽

Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Corrosion Inhibitor ◽

Corrosion Inhibitors ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Caesalpinia Sappan ◽

Wide Range ◽

Inhibition Performance ◽

Green Corrosion Inhibitors

Acidizing is one of the stimulation technologies in the oil and gas industry by removing scale, rust, debris or other acid-soluble particulates on the pipe tubing internal surface. The most common acid used is HCl. To avoid problems such as pipe or casing tubing leak due to acidic corrosion, during the acidizing normally applied with inhibition treatment by inorganic corrosion inhibitor with various compositions including quaternary ammonium salts, solvent and often some surfactant to strip oil from acid reactive surfaces. However, most of these compounds are not only expensive but also toxic to the marine environment. It is an obvious remark to point out the importance of low cost, green corrosion inhibitors which is safe to the environment. The wood extract has become important as an environmentally acceptable, readily available and renewable resource for wide range of inhibitors. A Caesalpinia Sappan L modified imidazoline has been synthesized and used as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in API 5L X60 in HCl 1M environment.The aim of the investigation is to find low dosage-high efficiency green corrosion inhibitor.The testing techniques include wheel test weight loss measurement, Tafel polarization and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Fourier Transform Infra-red Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results of weight loss studies correlated well with those of polarization and Impedance Spectroscopy. Inhibition performance for both Caesalpinia Sappan L modified imidazoline ( CS IMI) and Imidazoline (IMI) increases with increasing inhibitor concentration. The formulated Caesalpinia Sappan L modified imidazoline ( CS IMI), and Imidazoline (IMI) inhibitors give a greater than 90% inhibition efficiency with dosage 25 ppm at a temperature of 90-140°F. Caesalpinia Sappan L modified imidazoline (CS IMI), and Imidazoline (IMI) show comparable inhibition performance. However, at temperature 140oF, Imidazoline (IMI) seems to have a slightly better performance, indicating better thermal stability. Caesalpinia sappan bioactive agents are brazilein and chalcone, and its inhibition mechanism by physisorption obey Langmuir Isotherm, this mode will control charge transfer at surface metal and electrolyte.This result confirms that Caesalpinia sappan modified imidazoline is very promising for the development of green corrosion inhibitors for oil and gas application

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Humid-Air and Aqueous Corrosion Models for Corrosion-allowance Barrier Material

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-412-571 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 412 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. H. Lee ◽

J. E. Atkins ◽

R. W. Andrews

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Pitting Corrosion ◽

Carbon Steels ◽

Model Parameters ◽

General Corrosion ◽

Aqueous Corrosion ◽

Barrier Material ◽

Humid Air ◽

Corrosion Rates ◽

Corrosion Data

AbstractHumid-air and aqueous general and pitting corrosion models (including their uncertainties) for the carbon steel outer containment barrier were developed using the corrosion data from literature for a suite of cast irons and carbon steels which have similar corrosion behaviors to the outer barrier material. The corrosion data include the potential effects of various chemical species present in the testing environments. The atmospheric corrosion data also embed any effects of cyclic wetting and drying and salts that may form on the corroding specimen surface. The humid-air and aqueous general corrosion models are consistent in that the predicted humid-air general corrosion rates at relative humidities between 85 and 100% RH are close to the predicted aqueous general corrosion rates. Using the expected values of the model parameters, the model predicts that aqueous pitting corrosion is the most likely failure mode for the carbon steel outer barrier, and an earliest failure (or initial pit penetration) of the 100-mm thick barrier may occur as early as about 500 years if it is exposed continuously to an aqueous condition at between 60 and 70°C.

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The Study of Corrosion Behaviors of Carbon Steel Weldments and Their Inhibition in Simulated Pore Solution Using Multi-Electrode Array Technique

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11188278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (18) ◽

pp. 8278

Author(s):

Lujia Yang ◽

Zhenping Ma ◽

Yufeng Zheng ◽

Xiaona Wang ◽

Yi Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Steel ◽

Pore Solution ◽

Galvanic Corrosion ◽

Electrode Array ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Localized Corrosion ◽

Galvanic Current ◽

Corrosion Behaviors ◽

Weld Area ◽

Multi Electrode Array

A multi-electrode array sensor was developed to study the corrosion behaviors of carbon steel weldments and the effectiveness of the NaNO2 inhibitor in carbonated pore solution. The sensor can simulate a complete weldment, and the measurement results can match well with the coupon immersion test. The galvanic corrosion between the weld area, heat-affected area, and base metal area, as well as the effect of nitrite corrosion inhibitor on the weld area, were observed by measuring the open circuit potential, coupling potential, and galvanic current. The results show that corrosion is likely to happen around the weld metal area and its adjacent heat-affected zone. The intensive galvanic currents can accelerate the localized corrosion, while NaNO2 can inhibit it.

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