scholarly journals Role of HDAC6 and Its Selective Inhibitors in Gastrointestinal Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingyi Zhou ◽  
Deliang Liu ◽  
Yuyong Tan
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Cancer Occurrence ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Human Digestive System

Worldwide, cancer is the second leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular diseases. Among the numerous malignant tumors in human, digestive system cancers are the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Acetylation and deacetylation are crucially involved in cancer occurrence and development; in addition, the deacetylation process is regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). Among the 18 human HDACs that have been reported, HDAC6 has been widely studied. There is upregulated HDAC6 expression in numerous types of tumor tissues and is closely associated with clinicopathological characteristics. Moreover, several HDAC6 inhibitors have been identified; furthermore, there has been extensive research on their ability to inhibit the growth of many tumors. This review summarizes the roles of HDAC6 in different primary digestive system malignancies.

scholarly journals KLF2 Inhibits the Migration and Invasion of Prostate Cancer Cells by Downregulating MMP2

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 155798831881690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binshuai Wang ◽  
Mingyuan Liu ◽  
Yimeng Song ◽  
Changying Li ◽  
Shudong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Tumor Suppressor ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Suppressor Gene ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Luciferase Activity Assay

KLF2, a member of the Kruppel-like factor (KLF) family, is thought to be a tumor suppressor in many kinds of malignant tumors. Its functions in prostate cancer (PCa) are unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of KLF2 in the migration and invasion of PCa cells. The expression of KLF2 was measured by immunohistochemistry in PCa tissues and in paired non-tumor tissues. KLF2 and MMP2 expression in cells was measured by Western blot and RT-qPCR. Adenoviruses and siRNAs were used in cell function tests to investigate the role of KLF2 in regulating MMP2. Interactions between KLF2 and MMP2 were analyzed by a luciferase activity assay. The present study, for the first time, identified that KLF2 was downregulated both in PCa clinical tissue samples and in cancer cell lines. The overexpression of KLF2 inhibited the migration and invasion of PCa cells via the suppression of MMP2.This study demonstrates that KLF2 might act as a tumor suppressor gene in PCa and that the pharmaceutical upregulation of KLF2 may be a potential approach for treatment.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGENS OF THE HUMAN DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

1965 ◽  
Vol 122 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil Gold ◽  
Samuel O. Freedman
Keyword(s):  
Digestive System ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Cancer Antigens ◽  
Adult Tissues ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Carcinoembryonic Antigens ◽  
Liver And Pancreas ◽  
Human Digestive System

A wide variety of human adult and fetal tissues were studied by immune-diffusion techniques in agar gel to determine whether they contained the tumor-specific antigen(s) previously found in coionic cancers. In the adult tissues it was demonstrated that identical antigens were present in all tested specimens of malignant tumors of the entodermally derived epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas, but were absent from all other tested adult tissues. The common antigenic constituents, therefore, represent system-specific cancer antigens of the human digestive system. System-specific cancer antigens have not previously been demonstrated in humans. Experiments with fetal tissues demonstrated that identical antigens were also present in fetal gut, liver, and pancreas between 2 and 6 months of gestation. These components were named "carcinoembryonic" antigens of the human digestive system. On the basis of the present findings and the recent work regarding control of the expression of genetic potentialities in various types of cells, it was concluded that the carcinoembryonic antigens represent cellular constituents which are repressed during the course of differentiation of the normal digestive system epithelium and reappear in the corresponding malignant cells by a process of derepressive-dedifferentiation.

scholarly journals Antioxidants in Cancer Therapy: Recent Trends in Application of Nanotechnology for Enhanced Delivery

2020 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hussein O. Ammar ◽  
Rehab N. Shamma ◽  
Rasha S. E. Elbatanony ◽  
Basma Khater
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Therapeutic Index ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Anticancer Treatment ◽  
Recent Trends

Recently, the occurrence of cancer has significantly increased; it represents the second-most frequent cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Many dietary antioxidants have shown large impact as effective agents for cancer prevention by reducing oxidative stress, which has been a part in the development of many diseases, including cancer. One of the obstacles in the delivery of antioxidant therapies into the required domain lies in the inadequate delivery of these agents to their intended site of action. Using nanotechnology in delivery of antioxidants leads to increased therapeutic index and higher drug concentration in tumor tissues, thus enhancing anticancer treatment. In this review, we discuss the role of different antioxidants in cancer therapy and their improved therapeutic effect through their formulation using nanotechnology.

scholarly journals Prospects of application of inhibitors of PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoints in malignant tumors of the stomach and esophagogastric junction

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
D. D. Sakaeva ◽  
A. A. Melnikova
Keyword(s):  
Esophagogastric Junction ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Therapy Response ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Advanced Stages

Malignant tumors of the stomach and esophagogastric junction in advanced stages progress quite aggressively, and the prospects for treatment of these patients remain unpromising. The use of checkpoint-inhibitors has proven to be an advanced treatment method for various types of cancer around the world. In theRussian Federation, nivolumab has been successfully registered as a monotherapy for common or recurrent stomach or esophagogastric junction cancer after two or more lines of systemic antitumor drug therapy. This literature review focuses on the use of registered checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab, ipilimumab) as mono- and/or combined therapy in tumors of the stomach and esophagogastric junction, including tumors with high microsat- ellite instability (MSI-high). This review includes a description of the main therapeutic approaches using checkpoint inhibitors: prescription in mono-mode, in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors (ipilimumab) and cytotoxic drugs, and in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (regorafenib). Issues of efficiency and tolerability of these combinations in patients in different therapeutic lines are considered. The role of possible predictors of therapy response is analyzed: biomarkers such as PD-Ll, MSI, dMMR and TMB expression in tumor tissues as well as immunofenotyping in fresh biopsy samples are evaluated. This article reviews and evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of checkpoint inhibitors and their possible uses.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut-Brain Axis by probiotics: A promising anti-depressant approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koumudhi Rajanala ◽  
Nitesh Kumar ◽  
Mallikarjuna Rao Chamallamudi
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Food Supplements ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Human Digestive System ◽  
The Brain

: The human digestive system is embedded with trillions of microbes of various species and genera. These organisms serve several purposes in human body and exist in symbiosis with the host. Their major role is involved in digestion and conversion of food materials into many useful substrates for human body. Apart from this, the gut microbiota also maintains healthy communication with other body parts including the brain. The connection between gut microbiota and brain is termed as Gut-Brain Axis (GBA) and these connections are established by neuronal, endocrine and immunological pathways. Thus, they are involved in neurophysiology and neuropathology of several diseases like Parkinson’s Disease (PD), Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Depression and Autism. There are several food supplements such as prebiotics and probiotics the modulate the composition of gut microbiota. This article provides a review about the role of gut microbiota in depression and supplements such as probiotics that are useful in the treatment of depression.

Expression, Regulation, and Role of an Oligopeptide Transporter: PEPT1 in Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Wang ◽  
Yiming Chen ◽  
Yongjuan Wang ◽  
Bangmao Wang ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Tumor ◽  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Expression Regulation ◽  
Antitumor Drugs ◽  
Molecular Biomarker ◽  
Tumor Tissues

: PEPT1 is a vital member of the proton-dependent oligopeptide transporters family (POTs). Many studies have confirmed that PEPT1 plays a critical role in the absorption of dipeptides, tripeptides, and pseudopeptides in the intestinal tract. In recent years, several studies have found that PEPT1 is highly expressed in malignant tumor tissues and cells. The abnormal expression of PEPT1 in tumors may be closely related to the progress of tumors, and hence, could be considered as a potential molecular biomarker for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis in malignant tumors. Furthermore, PEPT1 can be used as the delivery target to mediate the targeted delivery of antitumor drugs. Herein, the expression, regulation, and role of PEPT1 in tumors in recent years were reviewed.

scholarly journals The potential role of P.gingivalis in gastrointestinal cancer: a mini review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-bo Liu ◽  
Zi-ye Gao ◽  
Chuan-tao Sun ◽  
Hui Wen ◽  
Bo Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Cancer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Diagnosis Rate ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Bacterial infection may be involved in the entire process of tissue carcinogenesis by directly or indirectly affecting the occurrence and development of tumors. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis) is an important pathogen causing periodontitis. Periodontitis may promote the occurrence of various tumors. Gastrointestinal tumors are common malignant tumors with high morbidity, high mortality, and low early diagnosis rate. With the rapid development of molecularbiotechnology, the role of P.gingivalis in digestive tract tumors has been increasingly explored. This article reviews the correlation between P.gingivalis and gastrointestinal cancer and the pathogenesis of the latter. The relationship among P.gingivalis, periodontal disease, and digestive tract tumors must be clarifiedthrough a multi-center, prospective, large-scale study.

The oncoprotein HBXIP – its functions and roles in oncogenesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222
Author(s):  
M. Grudzinska ◽  
K. Lomperta ◽  
K. Jakubowska ◽  
P. Samocik ◽  
K. Jarząbek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Interacting Protein ◽  
Complement Dependent Cytotoxicity ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cancerous Cells

Nowadays, Hepatitis B X interacting protein (HBXIP) is an object of scientists’ interest worldwide. It is a protein with significant involvement in the development of malignant tumors like breast or ovarian cancer. One of the most important functions of HBXIP is the regulation of cell proliferation, which is related to the progression of a cell cycle. Many studies provide the growing number of evidence that HBXIP plays various important roles, including the regulation of a cell cycle through complexes with survivin, belonging to the inhibitors of apoptosis and interactions with transcriptional factors like STAT4, SP1, TFIID or E2F1. It also has the influence on the promotion of tumor angiogenesis thanks to the association with VEGF and FGF8. Another important role of HBXIP is a reprogramming of glucose metabolism to conditions favorable to growing cancerous cells due to regulating the activation of SCO2 and PDHA1. Furthermore, it impacts on the complement-dependent cytotoxicity, also, HBXIP affects on lipid metabolism through disturbing of metabolic pathways of FAS. According to recent studies, HBXIP can be used as a prognostic biomarker in many tumors, including cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma thanks to the high expression of this protein noted exclusively in these tumor tissues. What is even more interesting, it significantly correlates with clinical attributes like metastasis to lymph nodes or grading and in some cases can potentially be used as the indicator of prognosis of treatment effectiveness. The paper is review through main functions of HBXIP and its possible applications.

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