scholarly journals Electron-to Hole Transport Change Induced by Solvent Vapor Annealing of Naphthalene Diimide Doped with Poly(3-Hexylthiophene)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Janus ◽  
Kinga Danielewicz ◽  
Dorota Chlebosz ◽  
Waldemar Goldeman ◽  
Adam Kiersnowski
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Electron Microscopies ◽  
Naphthalene Diimide ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

Herein we report on fabrication and properties of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on the spray-coated films of N,N′-dioctyl naphthalene diimide (NDIC8) doped with 2.4 wt% of poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). OFETs with the untreated NDIC8:P3HT films revealed electron conductivity [μe* = 5 × 10–4 cm2×(Vs)−1]. After the annealing in chloroform vapor the NDIC8:P3HT films revealed the hole transport only [μh* = 0.9 × 10–4 cm2×(Vs)−1]. Due to the chemical nature and energy levels, the hole transport was not expected for NDIC8-based system. Polarized optical- and scanning electron microscopies indicated that the solvent vapor annealing of the NDIC8:P3HT films caused a transition of their fine-grained morphology to the network of branched, dendritic crystallites. Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering studies indicated that the above transition was accompanied by a change in the crystal structure of NDIC8. The isotropic crystal structure of NDIC8 in the untreated film was identical to the known crystal structure of the bulk NDIC8. After the solvent annealing the crystal structure of NDIC8 changed to a not-yet-reported polymorph, that, unlike in the untreated film, was partially oriented with respect to the OFET substrate.

Highly efficient perovskite solar cells based on a dopant-free conjugated DPP polymer hole transport layer: influence of solvent vapor annealing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 2154-2159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Guo ◽  
Bingjuan Zhang ◽  
Zhenhua Lin ◽  
Jie Su ◽  
Zhou Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymer ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cell ◽  
Hole Transport ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Hole Transport Layer ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing ◽  
Influence Of Solvent

The solvent vapor annealing effect on conjugated polymer thin films as well as the corresponding perovskite solar cell devices is investigated.

An In Situ Grazing Incidence X-Ray Scattering Study of Block Copolymer Thin Films During Solvent Vapor Annealing

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaodan Gu ◽  
Ilja Gunkel ◽  
Alexander Hexemer ◽  
Weiyin Gu ◽  
Thomas P. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Block Copolymer ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Scattering Study ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

scholarly journals Flexible sample cell for real-time GISAXS, GIWAXS and XRR: design and construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1664-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Berlinghof ◽  
C. Bär ◽  
D. Haas ◽  
F. Bertram ◽  
S. Langner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Sample Cell ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

Since the properties of functional materials are highly dependent on their specific structure, and since the structural changes, for example during crystallization, induced by coating and annealing processes are significant, the study of structure and its formation is of interest for fundamental and applied science. However, structure analysis is often limited to ex situ determination of final states due to the lack of specialized sample cells that enable real-time investigations. The lack of such cells is mainly due to their fairly complex design and geometrical restrictions defined by the beamline setups. To overcome this obstacle, an advanced sample cell has been designed and constructed; it combines automated doctor blading, solvent vapor annealing and sample hydration with real-time grazing-incidence wide- and small-angle scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR). The sample cell has limited spatial requirements and is therefore widely usable at beamlines and laboratory-scale instruments. The cell is fully automatized and remains portable, including the necessary electronics. In addition, the cell can be used by interested scientists in cooperation with the Institute for Crystallography and Structural Physics and is expandable with regard to optical secondary probes. Exemplary research studies are presented, in the form of coating of P3HT:PC61PM thin films, solvent vapor annealing of DRCN5T:PC71BM thin films, and hydration of supported phospholipid multilayers, to demonstrate the capabilities of the in situ cell.

High Performance and Stable N-Channel Organic Field-Effect Transistors by Patterned Solvent-Vapor Annealing

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (21) ◽  
pp. 10745-10752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyoon Khim ◽  
Kang-Jun Baeg ◽  
Juhwan Kim ◽  
Minji Kang ◽  
Seung-Hoon Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Effect ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Organic Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing

Crystal-structure of active layers of small molecule organic photovoltaics before and after solvent vapor annealing

2020 ◽  
Vol 235 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Marvin Berlinghof ◽  
Stefan Langner ◽  
Christina Harreiß ◽  
Ella Mara Schmidt ◽  
Rita Siris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Organic Photovoltaics ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Fiber Texture ◽  
Solvent Vapor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapor Annealing ◽  
Solvent Vapors

AbstractIt is demonstrated by a detailed structural analysis that the crystallinity and the efficiency of small molecule based organic photovoltaics can be tuned by solvent vapor annealing (SVA). Blends made of the small molecule donor 2,2′-[(3,3′″,3″″,4′-tetraoctyl[2,2′:5′,2″:5″,2′″:5′″,2″″-quinquethiophene]-5,5″″-diyl)bis[(Z)-methylidyne(3-ethyl-4-oxo-5,2-thiazolidinediylidene)]]bis-propanedinitrile (DRCN5T) and the acceptor [6,6]-phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) were annealed using solvent vapors with either a high solubility for the donor (tetrahydrofuran), the acceptor (carbon disulfide) or both (chloroform). The samples were analyzed by grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), electron diffraction, X-ray pole figures, and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). A phase separation of DRCN5T and PC71BM is induced by SVA leading to a crystallization of DRCN5T and the formation of a DRCN5T enriched layer. The DRCN5T crystallites possess the two dimensional oblique crystal system with the lattice parameters a = 19.2 Å, c = 27.1 Å, and β = 111.1° for the chloroform case. No major differences in the crystal structure for the other solvent vapors were observed. However, the solvent choice strongly influences the size of the DRCN5T enriched layer. Missing periodicity in the [010]-direction leads to the extinction of all Bragg reflections with k ≠ 0. The annealed samples are randomly orientated with respect to the normal of the substrate (fiber texture).

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