Progress of Binder Structures in Silicon-Based Anodes for Advanced Lithium-Ion Batteries: A Mini Review

Silicon (Si) has been counted as the most promising anode material for next-generation lithium-ion batteries, owing to its high theoretical specific capacity, safety, and high natural abundance. However, the commercial application of silicon anodes is hindered by its huge volume expansions, poor conductivity, and low coulombic efficiency. For the anode manufacture, binders play an important role of binding silicon materials, current collectors, and conductive agents, and the binder structure can significantly affect the mechanical durability, adhesion, ionic/electronic conductivities, and solid electrolyte interface (SEI) stability of the silicon anodes. Moreover, many cross-linked binders are effective in alleviating the volume expansions of silicon nanosized even microsized anodic materials along with maintaining the anode integrity and stable electrochemical performances. This mini review comprehensively summarizes various binders based on their structures, including the linear, branched, three-dimensional (3D) cross-linked, conductive polymer, and other hybrid binders. The mechanisms how various binder structures influence the performances of the silicon anodes, the limitations, and prospects of different hybrid binders are also discussed. This mini review can help in designing hybrid polymer binders and facilitating the practical application of silicon-based anodes with high electrochemical activity and long-term stability.

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SnSe/Cu2SnSe3 Heterojunction Structure with High Initial Coulombic Efficiency for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.905.135 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 905 ◽

pp. 135-141

Author(s):

Bao Juan Yang ◽

Rui Xia ◽

Su Bin Jiang ◽

Mei Zhen Gao

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Coulombic Efficiency ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Diffusion Path ◽

Thermal Method ◽

Tin Selenide ◽

Ion Doping ◽

Initial Coulombic Efficiency

Due to high theoretical specific capacity and abundant reserves, tin selenide-based materials have received tremendous attentions in the fields of lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the huge volume changes during insertion/de-intercalation processes deteriorate the Coulombic Efficiency greatly. In order to solve it, the researchers have made great efforts by means of controlling nanoparticles granularity, carbon coating, ion doping et al. In this study, SnSe/Cu2SnSe3 heterojunction nanocomposites were synthesized by solvo-thermal method. The resulting SnSe/Cu2SnSe3 is a three-dimensional flower-like hierarchical nanostructure composed of nanoscale thin lamellae of a thickness of 8-12 nm. The unique nanostructure could shorten the diffusion path of lithium ions and expedite charge transfer, and therefore enhance the reaction kinetics. Compared with SnSe, the initial Coulombic efficiency of SnSe/Cu2SnSe3 is raised from 59% to 90% as the anode material of lithium-ion batteries.

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Silicon-Nanographite Aerogel-Based Anodes for High Performance Lithium Ion Batteries

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-51087-y ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Manisha Phadatare ◽

Rohan Patil ◽

Nicklas Blomquist ◽

Sven Forsberg ◽

Jonas Örtegren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

High Performance ◽

Large Scale ◽

Coulombic Efficiency ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

High Capacity ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Life Cycles ◽

Scale Production ◽

Silicon Anodes

Abstract To increase the energy storage density of lithium-ion batteries, silicon anodes have been explored due to their high capacity. One of the main challenges for silicon anodes are large volume variations during the lithiation processes. Recently, several high-performance schemes have been demonstrated with increased life cycles utilizing nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanowires, and thin films. However, a method that allows the large-scale production of silicon anodes remains to be demonstrated. Herein, we address this question by suggesting new scalable nanomaterial-based anodes. Si nanoparticles were grown on nanographite flakes by aerogel fabrication route from Si powder and nanographite mixture using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). This silicon-nanographite aerogel electrode has stable specific capacity even at high current rates and exhibit good cyclic stability. The specific capacity is 455 mAh g−1 for 200th cycles with a coulombic efficiency of 97% at a current density 100 mA g−1.

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Research Progress and Application of Modified Silicon-Based Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1036.35 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1036 ◽

pp. 35-44

Author(s):

Ling Fang Ruan ◽

Jia Wei Wang ◽

Shao Ming Ying

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Performance ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Volume Expansion ◽

Anode Materials ◽

Active Material ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Research Progress ◽

Ion Intercalation ◽

Silicon Based

Silicon-based anode materials have been widely discussed by researchers because of its high theoretical capacity, abundant resources and low working voltage platform,which has been considered to be the most promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. However,there are some problems existing in the silicon-based anode materials greatly limit its wide application: during the process of charge/discharge, the materials are prone to about 300% volume expansion, which will resultin huge stress-strain and crushing or collapse on the anods; in the process of lithium removal, there is some reaction between active material and current collector, which creat an increase in the thickness of the solid phase electrolytic layer(SEI film); during charging and discharging, with the increase of cycle times, cracks will appear on the surface of silicon-based anode materials, which will cause the batteries life to decline. In order to solve these problems, firstly, we summarize the design of porous structure of nanometer sized silicon-based materials and focus on the construction of three-dimensional structural silicon-based materials, which using natural biomass, nanoporous carbon and metal organic framework as structural template. The three-dimensional structure not only increases the channel of lithium-ion intercalation and the rate of ion intercalation, but also makes the structure more stable than one-dimensional or two-dimensional. Secondly, the Si/C composite, SiOx composite and alloying treatment can improve the volume expansion effection, increase the rate of lithium-ion deblocking and optimize the electrochemical performance of the material. The composite materials are usually coated with elastic conductive materials on the surface to reduce the stress, increase the conductivity and improve the electrochemical performance. Finally, the future research direction of silicon-based anode materials is prospected.

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The Effect of Different Mixed Organic Solvents on the Properties of p(OPal-MMA) Gel Electrolyte Membrane for Lithium Ion Batteries

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app8122587 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2587 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Lanlan Tian ◽

Mengkun Wang ◽

Lian Xiong ◽

Haijun Guo ◽

Chao Huang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Specific Capacity ◽

Mixed Solvents ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Transference Number ◽

Polymer Membrane ◽

Electrochemical Performances ◽

Electrolyte Membrane ◽

Phase Inversion Technique ◽

Key Factor

A solvent is a key factor during polymer membrane preparation, and it is directly related to application performance as a separator for lithium ion battery (LIB). In this study, different mixed solvents were employed to prepare polymer (p(OPal-MMA)) membranes by the phase inversion technique. The polymer membrane then absorbed liquid electrolytes to obtain gel electrolytes (GPEs). The surface morphologies and porosities of these membranes were investigated, and lithium ion transferences and electrochemical performances of these GPEs were also measured. The membrane displayed an interconnected three-dimensional framework structure with uniformly distributed pores when using DMF as a porogen. When combined with acetone as the component solvent, the prepared GPE displayed the largest lithium ion transference number (0.706), the highest porosity (42.6%) and ion conductivity (3.99 × 10−3 S/cm). Even when assembled as Li/GPE/LiFePO4 cell, it exhibited the highest initial specific capacity of 167 mAh/g and retained most capacity (162 mAh/g) after 50 cycles. The results presented here probably provide reference for choosing an appropriate mixed solvent in fabricating polymer membranes.

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The influence of different Si : C ratios on the electrochemical performance of silicon/carbon layered film anodes for lithium-ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c7ra12027c ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 6660-6666 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jun Wang ◽

Shengli Li ◽

Yi Zhao ◽

Juan Shi ◽

Lili Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrochemical Performance ◽

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Anode Materials ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Lithium Ions ◽

High Specific Capacity ◽

Silicon Carbon ◽

Silicon Based

With a high specific capacity (4200 mA h g−1), silicon based materials have become the most promising anode materials in lithium-ions batteries.

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WS2–3D graphene nano-architecture networks for high performance anode materials of lithium ion batteries

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c6ra21141k ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (109) ◽

pp. 107768-107775 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Yew Von Lim ◽

Zhi Xiang Huang ◽

Ye Wang ◽

Fei Hu Du ◽

Jun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Anode Materials ◽

High Performance ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Rate Capability ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

High Specific Capacity ◽

3D Graphene ◽

Simple Growth

Tungsten disulfide nanoflakes grown on plasma activated three dimensional graphene networks. The work features a simple growth of TMDs-based LIBs anode materials that has excellent rate capability, high specific capacity and long cycling stability.

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Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO2 nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.3762/bjnano.8.131 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1297-1306 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jin Zhang ◽

Yibing Cai ◽

Xuebin Hou ◽

Xiaofei Song ◽

Pengfei Lv ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Current Density ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Rate Capability ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Electrochemical Performances ◽

Tio2 Nanofibers ◽

Hierarchically Porous ◽

Paraffin Oil

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofibers have been widely applied in various fields including photocatalysis, energy storage and solar cells due to the advantages of low cost, high abundance and nontoxicity. However, the low conductivity of ions and bulk electrons hinder its rapid development in lithium-ion batteries (LIB). In order to improve the electrochemical performances of TiO2 nanomaterials as anode for LIB, hierarchically porous TiO2 nanofibers with different tetrabutyl titanate (TBT)/paraffin oil ratios were prepared as anode for LIB via a versatile single-nozzle microemulsion electrospinning (ME-ES) method followed by calcining. The experimental results indicated that TiO2 nanofibers with the higher TBT/paraffin oil ratio demonstrated more axially aligned channels and a larger specific surface area. Furthermore, they presented superior lithium-ion storage properties in terms of specific capacity, rate capability and cycling performance compared with solid TiO2 nanofibers for LIB. The initial discharge and charge capacity of porous TiO2 nanofibers with a TBT/paraffin oil ratio of 2.25 reached up to 634.72 and 390.42 mAh·g−1, thus resulting in a coulombic efficiency of 61.51%; and the discharge capacity maintained 264.56 mAh·g−1 after 100 cycles, which was much higher than that of solid TiO2 nanofibers. TiO2 nanofibers with TBT/paraffin oil ratio of 2.25 still obtained a high reversible capacity of 204.53 mAh·g−1 when current density returned back to 40 mA·g−1 after 60 cycles at increasing stepwise current density from 40 mA·g−1 to 800 mA·g−1. Herein, hierarchically porous TiO2 nanofibers have the potential to be applied as anode for lithium-ion batteries in practical applications.

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A Study to Explore the Suitability of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/Silicon@Graphite Cells for High-Power Lithium-Ion Batteries

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms221910331 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (19) ◽

pp. 10331

Author(s):

Marta Cabello ◽

Emanuele Gucciardi ◽

Guillermo Liendo ◽

Leire Caizán-Juananera ◽

Daniel Carriazo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lithium Ion Batteries ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Irreversible Damage ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Silicon Based

Silicon–graphite (Si@G) anodes are receiving increasing attention because the incorporation of Si enables lithium-ion batteries to reach higher energy density. However, Si suffers from structure rupture due to huge volume changes (ca. 300%). The main challenge for silicon-based anodes is improving their long-term cyclabilities and enabling their charge at fast rates. In this work, we investigate the performance of Si@G composite anode, containing 30 wt.% Si, coupled with a LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) cathode in a pouch cell configuration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on an NCA/Si@G pouch cell cycled at the 5C rate that delivers specific capacity values of 87 mAh g−1. Several techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) are used to elucidate whether the electrodes and electrolyte suffer irreversible damage when a high C-rate cycling regime is applied, revealing that, in this case, electrode and electrolyte degradation is negligible.

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Sandwich Structure Electrode as Advanced Performance Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries

NANO ◽

10.1142/s1793292019501236 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 1950123

Author(s):

Chengcheng Wei ◽

Xiaogang Sun ◽

Guodong Liang ◽

Yapan Huang ◽

Hao Hu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sandwich Structure ◽

Coulombic Efficiency ◽

Active Material ◽

Specific Capacity ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Rolling Process ◽

Conductive Network ◽

Electrochemical Tests ◽

Large Current

In this work, a sandwich structure electrode was prepared by a simple vacuum filtration and rolling process. The SEM showed that the active materials were uniformly embedded in the pores of the three-dimensional conductive network of the carbon nanotube (CNTs) conductive paper. The contact interface area of active material and the conductive network significantly increased and the interface resistance was greatly reduced. The porous anode can accommodate the volume expansion of the silicon and effectively alleviated pressed during cycle. The electrode also exhibited good stability in cycles. Electrochemical tests showed that the first discharge specific capacity of the sandwich electrode reached 2330[Formula: see text]mAh/g with a coulombic efficiency of 86%. After 500 cycles, the specific capacity was still maintained at 1512[Formula: see text]mAh/g. At a large current density of 2[Formula: see text]A/g, the specific capacity hold was 840[Formula: see text]mAh/g compared with the copper foil electrode of 100[Formula: see text]mAh/g.

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Recent Progress in Synthesis and Application of Low-Dimensional Silicon Based Anode Material for Lithium Ion Battery

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2017/4780905 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Yuandong Sun ◽

Kewei Liu ◽

Yu Zhu

Keyword(s):

Anode Material ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Lithium Ion ◽

Electrochemical Performances ◽

Practical Applications ◽

Silicon Anodes ◽

Capacity Degradation ◽

Low Dimensional ◽

Silicon Based ◽

Libs Applications

Silicon is regarded as the next generation anode material for LIBs with its ultra-high theoretical capacity and abundance. Nevertheless, the severe capacity degradation resulting from the huge volume change and accumulative solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation hinders the silicon based anode material for further practical applications. Hence, a variety of methods have been applied to enhance electrochemical performances in terms of the electrochemical stability and rate performance of the silicon anodes such as designing nanostructured Si, combining with carbonaceous material, exploring multifunctional polymer binders, and developing artificial SEI layers. Silicon anodes with low-dimensional structures (0D, 1D, and 2D), compared with bulky silicon anodes, are strongly believed to have several advanced characteristics including larger surface area, fast electron transfer, and shortened lithium diffusion pathway as well as better accommodation with volume changes, which leads to improved electrochemical behaviors. In this review, recent progress of silicon anode synthesis methodologies generating low-dimensional structures for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) applications is listed and discussed.

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