scholarly journals A Novel Cleavage Pattern of Complement C5 Induced by Chlamydia trachomatis Infection via the Chlamydial Protease CPAF

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Peng ◽  
Jingping Gao ◽  
Zihao Hu ◽  
Hongbo Zhang ◽  
Lingli Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Serine Protease ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Cleavage Pattern ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Strong Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Nafamostat Mesylate

Urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is one of the most common bacterial sexually transmitted diseases globally. Untreated C. trachomatis infections can ascend to the upper genital tract and establish a series of severe complications. Previous studies using C3−/− and C5−/− mice models demonstrated that C3-independent activation of C5 occurred during C. trachomatis infection. However, the mechanism of how chlamydial infection activates C5 in the absence of C3 has yet to be elucidated. To delineate interactions between C5 and chlamydial infection, cleavage products in a co-incubation system containing purified human C5 and C. trachomatis-HeLa229 cell lysates were analyzed, and a novel cleavage pattern of C5 activation induced by C. trachomatis infection was identified. C5 was cleaved efficiently at the previously unidentified site K970, but was cleaved poorly at site R751. C5b was modified to C5bCt, which later formed C5bCt-9, which had enhanced lytic ability compared with C5b-9. The chlamydial serine protease CPAF contributed to C3-independent C5 activation during C. trachomatis infection. Nafamostat mesylate, a serine protease inhibitor with a good safety profile, had a strong inhibitory effect on C5 activation induced by chlamydial infection. These discoveries reveal the mechanism of C3-independent C5 activation induced by chlamydial infection, and furthermore provide a potential therapeutic target and drug for preventing tubal fibrosis caused by chlamydial infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women living in remote areas in Amazonas, Brazil—a self-collection screening experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-343
Author(s):  
Danielle AP Rocha ◽  
Cássia de Oliveira Moraes ◽  
Adriene F Araújo ◽  
Êmille dos Santos Beltrão ◽  
Lainara Castelo dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Consistent Condom Use ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
First Sexual Intercourse ◽  
Organized Screening Program ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Actual Prevalence

Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection among women. In Brazil, there is no organized screening program for C. trachomatis, and the actual prevalence of infection is unknown. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis infection in women living in riverside communities in the Amazon, using self-collection employing the Evalyn® Brush and polymerase chain reaction. A total of 299 riverine women aged 18–81 years, mean age 35.7 (±12.8) years, predominantly agricultural workers, with low schooling and living with a partner, participated in this study. The prevalence of C. trachomatis infection was found to be 3.7% (95% CI 1.8–6.5), most of them being symptomatic. The mean age of the first sexual intercourse reported by women was 15.2 (±2.3) years, and the majority reported having had none or only one partner in the last 12 months, with very low adherence to consistent condom use (15.4%). Most women (98.3%) reported having approved using the vaginal self-collecting brush, and only 4.7% reported having difficulty in handling the brush. We consider that a vaginal self-collecting device is adequate for diagnosing C. trachomatis infection in women living in remote, hard-to-reach areas.

scholarly journals Chlamydia trachomatis infection: a challenge for the urologist

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Cai ◽  
Sandra Mazzoli ◽  
Nicola Mondaini ◽  
Gianni Malossini ◽  
Riccardo Bartoletti
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Everyday Clinical Practice ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Asymptomatic Infections

<p>The role of <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> (Ct) in everyday clinical practice is now on the increase because Ct infections are the most prevalent sexually transmitted bacterial infections worldwide. Ct can cause urethritis, cervicitis, pharyngitis, or epididymitis, although asymptomatic infections are quite common. Ct infection remains asymptomatic in approximately 50% of infected men and 70% of infected women, with risk for reproductive tract sequelae both in women and men. A proper early diagnosis and treatment is essential in order to prevent persistent consequences. An accurate comprehension of the pathology, diagnosis and treatment of this entity is essential for the urologist. We review the literature about the new findings in diagnosis and treatment of Ct infection in sexually active young men.</p>

Chlamydia trachomatis infection and non-gonococcal urethritis in homosexual and heterosexual men in Edinburgh

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 425-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Dixon ◽  
S Pearson ◽  
D J Clutterbuck
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Homosexual Men ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Routine Testing ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Gonococcal Urethritis ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Bisexual

In 1998, when ligase chain reaction testing for chlamydial infection was introduced in our clinic in Edinburgh, routine clinic protocol included the testing of all heterosexual, but not homosexual, men for urethral chlamydial infection. We audited all new homosexual and bisexual male attendees with a diagnosis of chlamydial infection or non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) in 1999, together with heterosexual men with the same diagnoses attending in alternate months of the same year. Urethral Chlamydia trachomatis infection was detected in 14.6% (350/2402) of heterosexual men and 2.4% (11/465) of homosexual men tested. Fifty percent of chlamydial infections were asymptomatic. In this population 44% (84/190) of NGU in heterosexual men is attributable to C. trachomatis as opposed to only 10% (6/59) of that in homosexual men. These rates of chlamydial infection differ from previous reports in Scotland and recent studies from the USA. Our clinic protocol has been revised to include routine testing for chlamydial infection in all men.

The Gynecologic Health Consequences of Chlamydia trachomatis Infection in Military Servicewomen

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (06) ◽  
pp. 340-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Nadeau ◽  
Dennis Fujii ◽  
Jessica Lentscher ◽  
Amanda Haney ◽  
Richard Burney
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Tubal Infertility ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
The Military

Abstract Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infection in the United States. Within the U.S. military, the age- and race-adjusted chlamydia infection rates among female service members are consistently higher than civilian rates, with a 20% annual acquisition rate among young active-duty women. The sequelae of chlamydia disproportionately impact women in terms of severity and cost. Untreated chlamydia progresses to pelvic inflammatory disease in 40% of cases, and is a leading cause of fallopian tube damage and pelvic adhesive disease resulting in ectopic pregnancy, tubal infertility, and acute and chronic pelvic pain. Tubal infertility is among the leading indications for in vitro fertilization (IVF) nationally and rates among couples undergoing IVF at military treatment centers are double the national average. Collectively, chlamydia infection represents a significant resource burden to the military health care system and, in view of the serious gynecologic health sequelae, a significant threat to the readiness of servicewomen. In this review, we discuss the gynecologic impact of chlamydia infection within the military, the critical gaps for research funding, and opportunities for intervention.

Prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in a public colposcopy clinic population

Sexual Health ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodney W. Petersen ◽  
Sepehr N. Tabrizi ◽  
Suzanne Garland ◽  
Julie A. Quinlivan
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Transmitted Disease ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Clinic Population ◽  
Colposcopy Clinic

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis is a major public health issue, with notifications of this sexually transmitted disease continuing to rise in Australia. Women attending colposcopy clinics are referred for treatment of cervical abnormalities often associated with human papilloma virus (HPV) infection. There is evidence that women who have acquired one sexually transmitted infection, such as HPV, are at higher risk of acquiring another. Women attending colposcopy clinics may therefore be at risk of undiagnosed infection with C. trachomatis. Aim: To determine the prevalence of C. trachomatis in women attending a public metropolitan colposcopy clinic in Victoria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed. Institutional ethics committee approval and informed consent were obtained. Consecutive women attending the colposcopy clinic completed a questionnaire and had a swab collected from the endocervix for analysis by polymerase chain reaction for C. trachomatis. Positive screens were treated in accordance with best practice. Data were analysed with Minitab Version 2004 (Minitab Inc, State College, PA, USA). Results: Of 581 women approached to participate in the trial, consent was obtained from 568 women (98%) and final outcome data was available on 560 women (99%). The overall rate of chlamydial infection was 2.1% (95% CI 1.5–2.7%). However, in women aged 25 years or less the rate was 5.8% (95% CI 3.8–7.8%) and in women over 25 years it was only 0.9% (95% CI 0.4–1.4%). Apart from age, no other demographic factor was significantly associated with chlamydial infection. Conclusion: Although the prevalence of chlamydial infection in the colposcopy clinic population as a whole does not warrant a policy for routine screening, screening directed at women aged 25 years or less would gain the greatest yields in terms of cost efficacy. Such a policy should be implemented as standard practice.

Concurrent gonococcal and chlamydial infections among men attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
A McMillan ◽  
K Manavi ◽  
H Young
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Chlamydial Infection ◽  
Empirical Treatment ◽  
Heterosexual Men ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Sex With Men

The aim of this retrospective study was to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis co-infection in men with gonorrhoea attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic in Edinburgh, Scotland. During the study period, there were 660 cases of culture-proven gonorrhoea. Chlamydial DNA was detected in the urethra in 79 (31%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 25–37%) heterosexual men who have sex with women (MSW); the median age was significantly lower than those with gonorrhoea alone (24.0 versus 30.0; P < 0.0005). The prevalence of urethral chlamydial infection among MSW was significantly higher than among men who have sex with men (MSM) (32 [12%; 95% CI, 8–16%] of 268 MSM) (χ2 = 27.21; P < 0.001). Sixteen (24%; 95% CI, 14–34%) of 68 MSM with rectal gonorrhoea had concurrent rectal chlamydial infection. The high prevalence of concurrent gonorrhoea and chlamydiae therefore warrants empirical treatment and/or testing for chlamydia in all men with urethral gonorrhoea.

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