Otitis Media Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has changed the prevalence and management of many pediatric infectious diseases, including acute otitis media (AOM). Coronaviruses are a group of RNA viruses that cause respiratory tract infections in humans. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, coronavirus serotypes OC43, 229E, HKU1, and NL63 were infrequently detected in middle ear fluid (MEF) specimens and nasopharyngeal aspirates in children with AOM during the 1990s and 2000s and were associated with a mild course of the disease. At times when CoV was detected in OM cases, the overall viral load was relatively low. The new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative pathogen responsible for the eruption of the COVID-19 global pandemic. Following the pandemic declaration in many countries and by the World Health Organization in March 2020, preventive proactive measures were imposed to limit COVID-19. These included social distancing; lockdowns; closure of workplaces; kindergartens and schools; increased hygiene; use of antiseptics and alcohol-based gels; frequent temperature measurements and wearing masks. These measures were not the only ones taken, as hospitals and clinics tried to minimize treating non-urgent medical referrals such as OM, and elective surgical procedures were canceled, such as ventilating tube insertion (VTI). These changes and regulations altered the way OM is practiced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Advents in technology allowed a vast use of telemedicine technologies for OM, however, the accuracy of AOM diagnosis in those encounters was in doubt, and antibiotic prescription rates were still reported to be high. There was an overall decrease in AOM episodes and admissions rates and with high spontaneous resolution rates of MEF in children, and a reduction in VTI surgeries. Despite an initial fear regarding viral shedding during myringotomy, the procedure was shown to be safe. Special draping techniques for otologic surgery were suggested. Other aspects of OM practice included the presentation of adult patients with AOM who tested positive for SARS-2-CoV and its detection in MEF samples in living patients and in the mucosa of the middle ear and mastoid in post-mortem specimens.

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POLA BAKTERI AEROB PADA PASIEN DENGAN DIAGNOSIS OTITIS MEDIA SUPURATIF AKUT DI POLIKLINIK THT-KL RSUP. PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO

Jurnal e-Biomedik ◽

10.35790/ebm.3.1.2015.6844 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Nur Dinih Mamonto ◽

John Porotu’o ◽

Olivia Waworuntu

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Enterobacter Cloacae ◽

Proteus Vulgaris ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Purposive Sampling ◽

Tract Infections

Abstract: Otitis media is an inflammation of part or all of the middle ear mucosa. Eustachi tube obstruction is a basic causative factor in acute otitis media. The tract infections can cause swelling around the channel, crunch, and as a result formed pus in the middle ear. The purpose of research is to determine the pattern of aerobic bekteri in patients diagnosis of Acute suppurative otitis media in Polyclinic Hospital THT-KL. PROF. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. This study is a descriptive study population of all patients in the diagnosis of acute suppurative otitis media by making a purposive sampling technique obtained 20 samples of patients with acute suppurative otitis media. Then, 20 samples were collected for microbiological examination by culture techniques and biochemical tests. The results of this study were 20 patient samples obtained Acute suppurative otitis media age 0-5 years (8 samples; 42%), 6-10 years (6 samples; 27%), 11-20 years (1 sample; 5%), ≥ 20 years (5 samples; 26%); male gender - male (9 samples; 55%), women (9 samples; 45%). Twenty samples examined, all showed growth of bacteria and obtained seven bacterial species and one species of candida. 3 obtained from the gram-positive bacteria, namely Streptococcus sp culture (7 samples; 35%), Staphylococcus sp (4 samples; 20%), Bacilus subtilis (2 samples; 10%) 4 gram-negative bacteria Enterobacter Aglomerans (2 samples; 10% ), Enterobacter cloacae (1 sample; 5%), Seretia Rubidaea (1 sample; 5%), Proteus vulgaris (2 samples; 10%), Candida (1 sample; 5%). Conclusion The research found most bacteria causing acute suppurative otitis media, namely Streptococcus, the largest age group experienced acute suppurative otitis media, namely children’s (0-5 years).Keywords: acute suppurative otitis media, aerobic bacteriaAbstrak: Otitis media adalah peradangan sebagian atau seluruh mukosa telinga tengah. Obstruksi tuba eustachi merupakan suatu faktor penyebab dasar pada otitis media akut. Infeksi di saluran tersebut dapat menyebabkan pembengkakan di sekitar saluran, tersumbatnya saluran, dan sebagai hasilnya terbentuklah nanah dalam telinga tengah. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pola bekteri aerob pada pasien diagnosis Otitis Media Supuratif Akut di Poliklinik THT–KL RSUP. PROF. dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dengan populasi seluruh pasien yang di diagnosis Otitis Media Supuratif Akut dengan teknik pengambilan purposive sampling didapatkan 20 sampel penderita Otitis Media Supuratif Akut. Kemudian, 20 sampel dikumpulkan untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan mikrobiologi dengan teknik kultur dan uji biokimia. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah 20 sampel pasien Otitis Media Supuratif Akut didapatkan umur 0 – 5 tahun (8 sampel; 42%), 6 - 10 tahun (5 sampel; 27%), 11 – 20 tahun (1 sampel; 5%), ≥ 20 tahun (5 sampel; 26%); jenis kelamin laki – laki (9 sampel; 55%), perempuan (9 sampel; 45%). Duapuluh sampel yang diperiksa, seluruhnya menunjukkan pertumbuhan bakteri dan didapatkan 7 spesies bakteri dan 1 spesies candida. Didapatkan 3 bakteri gram positif dari hasil kultur yaitu Streptococcus sp (7 sampel; 35%), Staphylococcus sp (4 sampel; 20%), Bacilus subtilis (2 sampel; 10%) 4 bakteri gram negatif Enterobacter Aglomerans (2 sampel; 10%), Enterobacter cloacae (1 sampel; 5%), Seretia Rubidaea (1 sampel; 5%), Proteus Vulgaris (2 sampel; 10%), Candida (1 sampel; 5%). Kesimpulan penelitian didapatkan bakteri terbanyak penyebab Otitis Media Supuratif Akut yaitu Streptococcus,dan kelompok umur terbanyak yaitu anak – anak (0 – 5 Tahun).Kata kunci: otitis media supuratif akut, bakteri aerob

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Acute otitis media increases middle ear susceptibility to nasal injection of

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/s0194-5998(94)70800-2 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 110 (1) ◽

pp. 115-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

P ANTONELLI ◽

S JUHN ◽

C LE ◽

G GIEBINK

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Acute Otitis Media

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A short review on important drugs under clinical trial against Covid-19

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557521666201217145333 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 ◽

Author(s):

Namita Misra

Keyword(s):

Respiratory Illness ◽

Short Review ◽

World Health ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Suspected Infection ◽

Medicinal Treatment ◽

Travel Restrictions ◽

Personal Level ◽

Health Organization ◽

Tract Infections

: Corona virus spreads from one to other person, either by touching the hands or by touching the surface contaminated with this virus, and then touching the nose or mouth. Covid-19 infected human symptoms are like any pneumonia symptoms, dry cough and high fever. Upper respiratory tract infections symptoms and sore throat are rare. First notified in china dated 12th December 2019 as a respiratory illness. In addition to travel restrictions and quarantine measures everyone should follow the World Health Organization advice guidelines on the management of humans infected with known or suspected infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus at the personal level. The development of vaccine or medicines for the same are under progress and this short review will summarize the most potential candidates such as Remdesivir, Lopinavir and Ritonavir, Chloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine, Hydroxychloroquine with Azithromycin, Favipiravir, Umifenovir, and Ribavirin for its medicinal treatment.

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Medicinal Chemistry of Alternative Therapeutics: Novelty and Hopes with Genus Ammannia

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026619666190412101047 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (10) ◽

pp. 784-794 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Harish C. Upadhyay

Keyword(s):

Traditional Medicine ◽

Biological Activities ◽

World Health ◽

Biologically Relevant ◽

Traditional Medicines ◽

Drug Molecules ◽

Health Organization ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Pharmacologically Active ◽

Herbal Formulations

The plants have formed the basis of folklore remedy since the beginning of human civilization. The cumulative human endeavor and experience over a period of thousands of years developed into well to organize traditional medicine systems viz. Ayurvedic, Unani, Chinese amongst others. Across the world, traditional medicine is either the mainstay of health care or serves as a complement to modern drugs. In view of worldwide use of traditional medicines, World Health Organization launched ‘WHO-Traditional Medicine Strategy 2014-2023’ for the development of strong policies regarding knowledge-base, safety, quality-control and effectiveness of traditional/alternative therapeutics for national health systems. Besides their use in traditional medicine, plants have always been a good source of modern drug/pharmacologically active molecules. More than half of the modern pharmaceuticals are either plant isolates or their derivatives. The plant-based drugs are not only effective, but have better compatibility with human biological systems because of more biologically relevant chemistry, hence lesser side effects. Some of the species of genus Ammannia (Lythraceae) have been reported for their magical medicinal values. Many herbal formulations containing Ammannia spp. have been patented for treatment of serious diseases/disorders like cancer, spinal disease, human female infertility, chronic tonsillitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, treatment of bladder stones, urinary tract infections, dermatitis etc. The uses of Ammannia spp. in traditional medicine have been further verified by the biological activities of their extracts as well as isolation of bioactive phytomolecules. The current review provides details about Ammannia spp.; its use in folklore remedy, herbal formulations, biological activities of extracts, isolation of bioactive phytomolecules and SAR study of semi-synthetic derivatives to analyze the possibility of new drug molecules of plant origin.

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Management of acute ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19 infection: Report of an international panel

International Journal of Stroke ◽

10.1177/1747493020923234 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (5) ◽

pp. 540-554 ◽

Cited By ~ 39

Author(s):

Adnan I Qureshi ◽

Foad Abd-Allah ◽

Fahmi Al-Senani ◽

Emrah Aytac ◽

Afshin Borhani-Haghighi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Acute Ischemic Stroke ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Intravenous Thrombolysis ◽

Adult Patients ◽

World Health ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

International Panel ◽

Health Organization ◽

Tract Infections

Background and purpose On 11 March 2020, World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 infection a pandemic. The risk of ischemic stroke may be higher in patients with COVID-19 infection similar to those with other respiratory tract infections. We present a comprehensive set of practice implications in a single document for clinicians caring for adult patients with acute ischemic stroke with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infection. Methods The practice implications were prepared after review of data to reach the consensus among stroke experts from 18 countries. The writers used systematic literature reviews, reference to previously published stroke guidelines, personal files, and expert opinion to summarize existing evidence, indicate gaps in current knowledge, and when appropriate, formulate practice implications. All members of the writing group had opportunities to comment in writing on the practice implications and approved the final version of this document. Results This document with consensus is divided into 18 sections. A total of 41 conclusions and practice implications have been developed. The document includes practice implications for evaluation of stroke patients with caution for stroke team members to avoid COVID-19 exposure, during clinical evaluation and performance of imaging and laboratory procedures with special considerations of intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy in stroke patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection. Conclusions These practice implications with consensus based on the currently available evidence aim to guide clinicians caring for adult patients with acute ischemic stroke who are suspected of, or confirmed, with COVID-19 infection. Under certain circumstances, however, only limited evidence is available to support these practice implications, suggesting an urgent need for establishing procedures for the management of stroke patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 infection.

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Adenoidectomy for middle ear disease in cleft palate children: a systematic review

European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology ◽

10.1007/s00405-021-07035-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Cecilia Rosso ◽

Antonio Mario Bulfamante ◽

Carlotta Pipolo ◽

Emanuela Fuccillo ◽

Alberto Maccari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cleft Palate ◽

Otitis Media ◽

Middle Ear ◽

Acute Otitis Media ◽

Case Series ◽

Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽

Middle Ear Disease ◽

Conductive Hearing

Abstract Purpose Cleft palate children have a higher incidence of otitis media with effusion, more frequent recurrent acute otitis media episodes, and worse conductive hearing losses than non-cleft children. Nevertheless, data on adenoidectomy for middle ear disease in this patient group are scarce, since many feared worsening of velopharyngeal insufficiency after the procedure. This review aims at collecting the available evidence on this subject, to frame possible further areas of research and interventions. Methods A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was performed. Multiple databases were searched with criteria designed to include all studies focusing on the role of adenoidectomy in treating middle ear disease in cleft palate children. After duplicate removal, abstract and full-text selection, and quality assessment, we reviewed eligible articles for clinical indications and outcomes. Results Among 321 unique citations, 3 studies published between 1964 and 1972 (2 case series and a retrospective cohort study) were deemed eligible, with 136 treated patients. The outcomes were positive in all three articles in terms of conductive hearing loss improvement, recurrent otitis media episodes reduction, and effusive otitis media resolution. Conclusion Despite promising results, research on adenoidectomy in treating middle ear disease in the cleft population has stopped in the mid-Seventies. No data are, therefore, available on the role of modern conservative adenoidectomy techniques (endoscopic and/or partial) in this context. Prospective studies are required to define the role of adenoidectomy in cleft children, most interestingly in specific subgroups such as patients requiring re-tympanostomy, given their known risk of otologic sequelae.

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Role of Chest Imaging in Viral Lung Diseases

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18126434 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (12) ◽

pp. 6434

Author(s):

Diletta Cozzi ◽

Eleonora Bicci ◽

Alessandra Bindi ◽

Edoardo Cavigli ◽

Ginevra Danti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Diseases ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

World Health ◽

Pulmonary Manifestations ◽

Radiological Patterns ◽

Health Organization ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Combining Information

The infection caused by novel beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. However, in the last 20 years, this has not been the only viral infection to cause respiratory tract infections leading to hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide, referring in particular to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), influenza H1N1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Although in this pandemic period SARS-CoV-2 infection should be the first diagnosis to exclude, many other viruses can cause pulmonary manifestations and have to be recognized. Through the description of the main radiological patterns, radiologists can suggest the diagnosis of viral pneumonia, also combining information from clinical and laboratory data.

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