scholarly journals Enterochromaffin Cells: Sentinels to Gut Microbiota in Hyperalgesia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Xu ◽  
Rongmin Chen ◽  
Gaofeng Zhan ◽  
Danning Wang ◽  
Xi Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Enterochromaffin Cells ◽  
Neural Pathways ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Diseases ◽  
Mental Symptoms

In recent years, increasing studies have been conducted on the mechanism of gut microbiota in neuropsychiatric diseases and non-neuropsychiatric diseases. The academic community has also recognized the existence of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Chronic pain has always been an urgent difficulty for human beings, which often causes anxiety, depression, and other mental symptoms, seriously affecting people’s quality of life. Hyperalgesia is one of the main adverse reactions of chronic pain. The mechanism of gut microbiota in hyperalgesia has been extensively studied, providing a new target for pain treatment. Enterochromaffin cells, as the chief sentinel for sensing gut microbiota and its metabolites, can play an important role in the interaction between the gut microbiota and hyperalgesia through paracrine or neural pathways. Therefore, this systematic review describes the role of gut microbiota in the pathological mechanism of hyperalgesia, learns about the role of enterochromaffin cell receptors and secretions in hyperalgesia, and provides a new strategy for pain treatment by targeting enterochromaffin cells through restoring disturbed gut microbiota or supplementing probiotics.

Problematic Prescription Opioid Use in a Chronic Pain Treatment Facility: The Role of Emotional Processes

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. S. Oberleitner ◽  
Mark A. Lumley ◽  
Emily R. Grekin ◽  
Kathryn M. Z. Smith ◽  
Amy M. Loree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Treatment Facility ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Chronic Pain Treatment ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

scholarly journals Optogenetics and photopharmacology in pain research and therapeutics

STEMedicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. e43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Iseppon ◽  
Manuel Arcangeletti
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Molecular Switches ◽  
Genetic Profiling ◽  
Pain Research ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
The Brain

Pain afflicts billions of people worldwide, who suffer especially from long-term chronic pain. This gruelling condition affects the nervous system at all levels: from the brain to the spinal cord, the Dorsal Root Ganglia (DRG) and the peripheral fibres innervating the skin. The nature of the different molecular and cellular components of the somatosensory modalities, as well as the complexity of the peripheral and central circuitry are yet poorly understood. Light-based techniques such as optogenetics, in concert with the recent advances in single-cell genetic profiling, can help to elucidate the role of diverse neuronal sub-populations in the encoding of different sensory and painful stimuli by switching these neurons on and off via optically active proteins, namely opsins.  Recently, photopharmacology has emerged from the efforts made to advance optogenetics. The introduction of azo-benzene-based light-sensitive molecular switches has been applied to a wide variety of molecular targets, from ion channels and receptors to transporters, enzymes and many more, some of which are paramount for pain research and therapy. In this Review, we summarise the recent advances in the fields of optogenetics and photopharmacology and we discuss the use of light-based techniques for the study of acute and chronic pain physiology, as well as their potential for future therapeutic use to improve pain treatment.

The Role of Catastrophizing Beliefs in Effective Chronic Pain Treatment

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Smith ◽  
Michael Herman ◽  
Christopher Smith
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Chronic Pain Treatment

scholarly journals Microglia and mast cells: new targets for the treatment of chronic pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-85
Author(s):  
V.I. Romanenko
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Pain Threshold ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
New Class ◽  
Mechanisms Of Development ◽  
Chronic Pain Conditions

The article is devoted to the problem of effective ma­nagement of chronic pain. A review of the known mechanisms of development and maintenance of chronic pain and possible me­thods of influence is given. One of the reasons for the lack of chro­nic pain treatment effectiveness in some patients is the use of treatment regimens with drugs acting exclusively on the targets loca­ted in the nerve structures. Today an important role of micro­glia and mast cells in the development and maintenance of chronic pain conditions is well acknowledged. A new class of drugs from the group of acylethanolamides is described. One of the representatives of this group is palmitoylethanolamide. This drug may mo­dulate the activity of microglia and mast cells, thus increasing the pain threshold and the effectiveness of therapy. The use of palmitoylethanolamide in patients with chronic pain can increase the effectiveness of therapy.

Chronic Pain Following Spinal Cord Injury: The Role of Immunogenetics and Time of Injury Pain Treatment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Hutchinson ◽  
Janet Coller ◽  
Jillian Clark ◽  
Ruth Marshall ◽  
James Middleton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Role of Health Care Professionals in Multidisciplinary Pain Treatment Facilities in Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Peng ◽  
Jennifer N Stinson ◽  
Manon Choiniere ◽  
Dominique Dion ◽  
Howard Intrater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Medical Specialty ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Patient Assessment ◽  
Treatment Facilities ◽  
Multidisciplinary Pain Treatment

PURPOSE: To examine the role of health care professionals in multidisciplinary pain treatment facilities (MPTF) for the treatment of chronic pain across Canada.METHODS: MPTF were defined as clinics that advertised specialized multidisciplinary services for the diagnosis and management of chronic pain, and had staff from a minimum of three different health care disciplines (including at least one medical specialty) available and integrated within the facility. Administrative leaders at eligible MPTF were asked to complete a detailed questionnaire on their infrastructure as well as clinical, research, teaching and administrative activities.RESULTS: A total of 102 MPTF returned the questionnaires. General practitioners, anesthesiologists and physiatrists were the most common types of physicians integrated in the MPTF (56%, 51% and 32%, respectively). Physiotherapists, psychologists and nurses were the most common nonphysician professionals working within these MPTF (75%, 68% and 57%, respectively), but 33% to 56% of them were part-time staff. Only 77% of the MPTF held regular interdisciplinary meetings to discuss patient management, and 32% were staffed with either a psychologist or psychiatrist. The three most frequent services provided by physiotherapists were patient assessment, individual physiotherapy or exercise, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. The three most common services provided by psychologists were individual counselling, cognitive behavioural therapy and psychodynamic therapy. The major roles of nurses were patient assessment, assisting in interventional procedures and patient education.CONCLUSION: Different health care professionals play a variety of important roles in MPTF in Canada. However, few of them are involved on a full-time basis and the extent to which pain is assessed and treated in a truly multidisciplinary manner is questionable.

scholarly journals Neurovascular Unit in Chronic Pain

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice Mihaela Radu ◽  
Placido Bramanti ◽  
Francesco Osculati ◽  
Maria-Luisa Flonta ◽  
Mihai Radu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Neurovascular Unit ◽  
Socioeconomic Impact ◽  
Pain Mechanisms ◽  
Analgesic Drugs ◽  
Pain Models ◽  
Chronic Pain Treatment ◽  
Blood Spinal Cord Barrier

Chronic pain is a debilitating condition with major socioeconomic impact, whose neurobiological basis is still not clear. An involvement of the neurovascular unit (NVU) has been recently proposed. In particular, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB), two NVU key players, may be affected during the development of chronic pain; in particular, transient permeabilization of the barrier is suggested by several inflammatory- and nerve-injury-based pain models, and we argue that the clarification of molecular BBB/BSCB permeabilization events will shed new light in understanding chronic pain mechanisms. Possible biases in experiments supporting this theory and its translational potentials are discussed. Moving beyond an exclusive focus on the role of the endothelium, we propose that our understanding of the mechanisms subserving chronic pain will benefit from the extension of research efforts to the NVU as a whole. In this view, the available evidence on the interaction between analgesic drugs and the NVU is here reviewed. Chronic pain comorbidities, such as neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases, are also discussed in view of NVU changes, together with innovative pharmacological solutions targeting NVU components in chronic pain treatment.

scholarly journals Supraspinal Mechanisms of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Modulation of Pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eellan Sivanesan ◽  
Dermot P. Maher ◽  
Srinivasa N. Raja ◽  
Bengt Linderoth ◽  
Yun Guan
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Neurologic Diseases ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Chronic Pain Treatment ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Pain Inhibition

Abstract The field of spinal cord stimulation is expanding rapidly, with new waveform paradigms asserting supraspinal sites of action. The scope of treatment applications is also broadening from chronic pain to include cerebral ischemia, dystonia, tremor, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson disease, neuropsychiatric disorders, memory, addiction, cognitive function, and other neurologic diseases. The role of neurostimulation as an alternative strategy to opioids for chronic pain treatment is under robust discussion in both scientific and public forums. An understanding of the supraspinal mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of spinal cord stimulation will aid in the appropriate application and development of optimal stimulation strategies for modulating pain signaling pathways. In this review, the authors focus on clinical and preclinical studies that indicate the role of supraspinal mechanisms in spinal cord stimulation–induced pain inhibition, and explore directions for future investigations.

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