scholarly journals Evaluation of Origanum vulgare Essential Oil and Its Active Ingredients as Potential Drugs for the Treatment of Toxoplasmosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Yao ◽  
Qiong Xu ◽  
Jia-Kang He ◽  
Ming Pan ◽  
Zhao-Feng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Parasitic Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Better Than

Toxoplasma gondii is a serious hazard to public health and animal husbandry. Due to the current dilemma of treatment of toxoplasmosis, it is urgent to find new anti-T. gondii drugs to treat toxoplasmosis. In this study, the anti-T. gondii activity of Origanum vulgare essential oil (Ov EO) was firstly studied, and then, carvanol (Ca), the main ingredient of Ov EO was evaluated using the MTT assay on human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells in vitro. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay on HFF cells. The CC50 of Ov EO and Ca was 134.9 and 43.93 μg/ml, respectively. Both of them exhibited anti-parasitic activity, and inhibited the growth of T. gondii in a dose-dependent manner. For the inhibition effect, Ca was better than Ov EO at the same concentration, the IC50 of Ov EO and Ca was 16.08 and 7.688 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, treatment with Ca, was found to change the morphology of T. gondii tachyzoites and made their shapes curl up. These results showed that Ca was able to inhibit the proliferation of T. gondii by reducing invasion, which may be due to its detrimental effect on the mobility of tachyzoites. Our results indicated that Ca could be a potential new and effective drug for treating toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals In vitro Anti-parasitic Activity of Pelargonium X. asperum Essential Oil Against Toxoplasma gondii

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Si-Yang Huang ◽  
Na Yao ◽  
Jia-Kang He ◽  
Ming Pan ◽  
Zhao-Feng Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Cupressus Sempervirens ◽  
Membrane Surfaces ◽  
Limited Effectiveness ◽  
Parasitic Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent

Toxoplasmosis is a global zoonotic disease, and one-third of the human population is chronically infected by Toxoplasma gondii. Due to the limited effectiveness and prominent side effects of the existing drugs, there is a dire need for the discovery of new therapeutic options in the treatment of toxoplasmosis. In this study, five essential oils (EO) were screened for their anti-parasitic activity against T. gondii. The cytotoxicity of essential oils was evaluated using the MTT assay on human foreskin fibroblast cells. The CC50 values of Eucalyptus globulus EO, Cupressus sempervirens EO, Citrus aurantifolia EO, Melaleuca alternifolia EO, and Pelargonium X. asperum (Pa) EO were found to be 22.74, 7.25, 15.01, 6.26, and 4.77 mg/mL, respectively. Only PaEO exhibited anti-parasitic activity, and inhibited the growth of T. gondii in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment with PaEO, was found to reduce the volume of T. gondii tachyzoites and make their membrane surfaces rough. These results showed that PaEO was able to inhibit the growth of T. gondii by reducing invasion, which may be due to its detrimental effect on the ability of tachyzoites to move. These findings suggest that PaEO could be a potential anti-T. gondii drug, which may facilitate the development of new and effective treatments against toxoplasmosis.

scholarly journals ROS-Induced GATA4 and GATA6 Downregulation Inhibits StAR Expression in LPS-Treated Porcine Granulosa-Lutein Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolu Qu ◽  
Leyan Yan ◽  
Rihong Guo ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Zhendan Shi
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Model ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Progesterone Production ◽  
Progesterone Synthesis ◽  
Porcine Granulosa Cell ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Dose Dependent

LPS is a major endotoxin produced by gram-negative bacteria, and exposure to it commonly occurs in animal husbandry. Previous studies have shown that LPS infection disturbs steroidogenesis, including progesterone production, and subsequently decreases animal reproductive performance. However, little information about the underlying mechanisms is available thus far. In the present study, an in vitro-luteinized porcine granulosa cell model was used to study the underlying molecular mechanisms of LPS treatment. We found that LPS significantly inhibits progesterone production and downregulates the expressions of progesterone synthesis-associated genes (StAR, CYP11A1, and 3β-HSD). Furthermore, the levels of ROS were significantly increased in an LPS dose-dependent manner. Moreover, transcriptional factors GATA4 and GATA6, but not NR5A1, were significantly downregulated. Elimination of LPS-stimulated ROS by melatonin or vitamin C could restore the expressions of GATA4, GATA6, and StAR. In parallel, StAR expression was also inhibited by the knockdown of GATA4 and GATA6. Based on these data, we conclude that LPS impairs StAR expression via the ROS-induced downregulation of GATA4 and GATA6. Collectively, these findings provide new insights into the understanding of reproductive losses in animals suffering from bacterial infection and LPS exposure.

Rapamycin inhibits the growth of cholangiocarcinoma cells in vitro

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 15153-15153 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sawada ◽  
T. Okada ◽  
K. Kubota
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vitro Methods ◽  
Proliferative Effect ◽  
Cholangiocarcinoma Cell ◽  
Dose Dependent

15153 Background: In the present study, anti-neoplastic effect of rapamycin against cholangiocarcinoma was studied in vitro. Methods: Expression of mTOR in 4 cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, TFK1, HuCCT1, NOZW, and OZ was evaluated by real-time PCR. Then, the four cholangiocarcinoma cell lines were cultured with rapamycin (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 nM), gemcitabine (0, 0.5, 1, 2 μM), or both, and anti-proliferative effect was evaluated by MTT assay. Results: All the four cholangiocarcinoma cell lines expressed endogenous mTOR- mRNA. Level of expression was the highest in HuCCT1 (65.8), and the lowest in TFK1 (17.6). Then, rapamycin significantly inhibited the growth of all the four cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, in dose-dependent manner. Gemcitabine inhibited the growth of NOZW (48.4%) and HuCCT1 (48.9%), but less efficiently in TFK1 (5.9%) and OZ (27.4%). Furthermore, synergistic anti-proliferative effect of rapamycin and gemcitabine was observed in TFK1 (39.1%), NOZW (38.9%), and OZ (47.1%), not in HuCCT1 (18.9%). Conclusion: Rapamycin effectively inhibited the growth of the cholangiocarcinoma cell lines, and synergistic effect with gemcitabine was observed in three of the four cell lines. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Cytokinin-like effects of chitosan on in vitro culture of Origanum vulgare L.

Italus Hortus ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Noor Premi ◽  
Arda Acemi ◽  
Fazil Ozen
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Shoot Production ◽  
Better Than

Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is a multi-purpose plant species with medicinal, culinary, and ornamental merit, which needs to be produced at an industrial scale. In the present research, effects of N-acetylated (10%) chitosan (CHT), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), and kinetin (KIN) on in vitro seed germination and shoot development in O. vulgare were studied in a concentration-dependent manner. The seed germination and shoot induction rates were mostly enhanced after CHT and KIN treatments, while BAP treatments reduced the rates. The chitosan treatment significantly triggered leaf production and shoot elongation better than the cytokinin treatments. The maximum shoot length (4.38±0.17 cm) and leaf number (17.71±0.69 leaves per shoot) were reached after chitosan treatment at 0.75 mg L-1, while shoot numbers were reduced after all chitosan and cytokinin treatments at low levels. However, shoot production was significantly enhanced in the presence of 2.0 and 4.0 mg L-1 KIN in the medium. Adventitious rooting without using auxins also occurred during the incubation period. The cluster analysis showed that the effects of 0.50 and 0.75 mg L-1 CHT treatments were better than BAP and KIN in stimulating shoot growth and leaf development in oregano. This study suggested that CHT might be used as a substitute for synthetic cytokinins to produce longer shoots and a high number of leaves in oregano propagation. Therefore, CHT might play a cytokinin-like role in plant tissue cultures. However, the effects of chitosan treatment might differ among species and according to its chemical structure

scholarly journals Origanum vulgare Essential Oil vs. a Commercial Mixture of Essential Oils: In Vitro Effectiveness on Salmonella spp. from Poultry and Swine Intensive Livestock

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Maura Di Vito ◽  
Margherita Cacaci ◽  
Lorenzo Barbanti ◽  
Cecilia Martini ◽  
Maurizio Sanguinetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Commercial Mixture ◽  
Resistant Strains

Salmonella spp. represent a public health concern for humans and animals due to the increase of antibiotic resistances. In this scenario, the use of essential oils (EOs) could be a valid tool against Salmonella contamination of meat. This work compares the in vitro effectiveness of an Italian mixture of feed additives based on EOs (GR-OLI) with EO of Origanum vulgare L., recently admitted by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) for animal use. Twenty-nine Salmonella serotypes isolated from poultry and pig farms were used to assess GR-OLI and O. vulgare EO antimicrobial propeties. O. vulgare EO was active on the disaggregation of mature biofilm, while GR-OLI was capable of inhibiting biofilm formation and disaggregating preformed biofilm. Furthermore, GR-OLI inhibited bacterial adhesion to Caco-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Both products showed inhibition of bacterial growth at all time points tested. Finally, the synergistic action of GR-OLI with commonly used antibiotics against resistant strains was investigated. In conclusion, the mixture could be used both to reduce the meat contamination of Salmonella spp. before slaughter, and in synergy with low doses of ciprofloxacin against resistant strains. Although EOs as feed additives are already used in animal husbandry, no scientific study has ever highlighted their real antimicrobial potential.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Effects of Origanum vulgare L. and Origanum Majorana L. Ethanolic Extracts in Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Mashhadi ◽  
◽  
Majid Ghorbani Nohooji ◽  
Roya Yaraee ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effects ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Origanum Majorana

Background: Many plants possess therapeutic properties against infectious and non-infectious diseases, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Plants may have immunomodulatory properties, too. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory effects and toxic properties of ethanolic extract from the Lamiaceae family on macrophage, lymphocyte, and B Cell Leukemia (BCL-1) in vitro. Materials and Methods: Plant samples were purchased, and the ethanolic extract from their leaves was prepared by dissolving them in ethanol (maceration) for 48 hours. The obtained ethanolic extract was dried at room temperature. The normal lymphocytes and macrophages extracted from BALB/c mice and BCL-1 were cultured with different concentrations of the extracts for 24 hours. MTT assay was performed to evaluate proliferation, and Lactic Dehydrogenase (LDH)-based cytotoxicity was measured. Results: We found that ethanolic extracts at a concentration of 1 mg/mL significantly increased lymphocyte proliferation (47% by Origanum vulgare and 95% by Origanum majorana compared to the control group). Also, the activity of macrophages increased 35% after O. vulgare administration and 23% after O. majorana administration at a dose of 1 mg/mL. Furthermore, LDH results prove that O. vulgare and O. majorana (1 mg/mL) had no toxic effect on normal lymphocytes and macrophages. The finding of the MTT assay showed that extracts of O. vulgare (with IC50 of 1.04 mg/mL) and O. majorana (with IC50 of 1.6 mg/mL) could significantly suppress the growth of BCL-1. Conclusion: The O. vulgare and O. majorana extract with immunomodulatory effects increased the proliferation and activities of lymphocytes and macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Also, the tested extracts were showed significant anticancer activity.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Lavandula angustifolia Essential Oil on Anti-Toxoplasma Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Yao ◽  
Jia-Kang He ◽  
Ming Pan ◽  
Zhao-Feng Hou ◽  
Jin-Jun Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Acute Stage ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Lavandula Angustifolia ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Parasitic Effect ◽  
Dose Dependent

The current methods of treating toxoplasmosis have a number of side effects, and these therapies are only effective against the acute stage of the disease. Thus, development of new low toxicity and efficient anti-Toxoplasma drugs is extremely important. Natural products are important sources for screening new drugs; among them, essential oils (EOs) have efficacy in anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-insect, and other aspects. In this study, 16 EOs were screened for their anti-T. gondii activity. Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (La EO)was found to have an anti-parasitic effect on T. gondii. The cytotoxicity of La EO was firstly evaluated using the MTT assay on human foreskin fibroblast (HFF) cells, and then the anti-T. gondii activity was evaluated by plaque assay. Finally, the invasion experiment and electron microscope observation were used to study the mechanism of La EO in anti-toxoplasma activity. The results indicated that the CC50 of La EO was 4.48 mg/ml and that La EO had activity against T. gondii and the inhibition was in a dose-dependent manner under safe concentrations. La EO was able to reduce T. gondii invasion, which may be due to its detrimental effect on changes of the morphology of tachyzoites. These findings indicated that La EO could be a potential drug for treating toxoplasmosis.

Oxygenation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone as the final reaction for aldosterone biosynthesis

1984 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 395-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itaru Kojima ◽  
Etsuro Ogata ◽  
Hiroshi Inano ◽  
Bun-ichi Tamaoki
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Mitochondrial Preparation ◽  
Final Reaction ◽  
Vitro Production ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Cytochrome P 450

Abstract. Incubation of 18-hydroxycorticosterone with the sonicated mitochondrial preparation of bovine adrenal glomerulosa tissue leads to the production of aldosterone, as measured by radioimmunoassay. The in vitro production of aldosterone from 18-hydroxycorticosterone requires both molecular oxygen and NADPH, and is inhibited by carbon monoxide. Cytochrome P-450 inhibitors such as metyrapone, SU 8000. SU 10603, SKF 525A, amphenone B and spironolactone decrease the biosynthesis of aldosterone from 18-hydroxycorticosterone. These results support the conclusion that the final reaction in aldosterone synthesis from 18-hydroxycorticosterone is catalyzed by an oxygenase, but not by 18-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. By the same preparation, the production of [3H]aldosterone but not [3H]18-hydroxycorticosterone from [1,2-3H ]corticosterone is decreased in a dose-dependent manner by addition of non-radioactive 18-hydroxycorticosterone.

Appraisal of Immunological Impacts of Melaleuca leucadendra Extract over Macrophage Performance in Vitro

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Reduced Pressure ◽  
Medical Plant ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Level Production ◽  
Melaleuca Leucadendra ◽  
Phagocytic Killing

This trial research was performed to discuss the immune-influence of Melaleuca leucadendra ‘paper-bark tree’ dried leaves which is an important medical plant known in many regions in the world. The leaves were dissolved in a mixture of (ethanol + water) (3:1) mixture, then filtered, evaporated and dried under reduced pressure to obtain leaves extract. The macrophages of blood derived origin were provided from rats and mixed with three different leaves extracts doses in tissue culture plates and incubated then stained with fluorescent acridine orange and examined under fluorescent microscope to assess the phagocytic and killing potency. The wells contents were aspirated and assayed for nitric oxide and interleukin-2 levels. The results displayed an obvious increase in phagocytic, killing performance as well as nitric oxide and IL-2 level production than control in a dose dependent manner. The obtained results suggested the immune-stimulant impact of the paper-bark tree leaves.

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