scholarly journals Livelihood Strategies Shape Vulnerability of Households' Food Security to Climate in Senegal

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Giannini ◽  
Elisabeth Kago Ilboudo Nébié ◽  
Diaba Ba ◽  
Ousmane Ndiaye
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
The Political ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Mixed Methods Approach ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Rural Income ◽  
Vulnerability Framework

We integrate long-term observations of rainfall and repeat, large-scale, nationwide household surveys of nutrition and socio-economic status to assess the vulnerability of food security to climate in Senegal. We use a mixed methods approach and a vulnerability framework to explain how it is that food security is on average lower, and more variable year-to-year, in the climatologically wetter south and east of the country than in the drier western center and north. We find that it is sensitivity to climate that explains the spatial variation in food security, while exposure explains its temporal variation, but only where sensitivity is high. While households in the western center and north, geographically closer to the political and economic center of action, are less dependent on livelihoods based on climate-sensitive activities, notably agriculture, these activities still dominate in the more remote, landlocked and at times conflict-ridden south and east, where sensitivity to the vagaries of rainfall persists. As they work to strengthen the resilience of climate-sensitive activities, food security and climate-risk management projects and policies should move beyond simplistic, deterministic assumptions about how climate affects food security outcomes, and invest in livelihood diversification to increase rural income and reduce vulnerability of food security to climate.

scholarly journals Practical Remote Workflow Solutions for Complex Digital Projects: Opportunities in a Pandemic

Collections ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 155019062110527
Author(s):  
J.A. Pryse
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
The Political ◽  
Workflow Model ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Pilot Phase ◽  
Digital Videos ◽  
On Line ◽  
Systematic Solution ◽  
Long Term Preservation

The spread of COVID-19 has created numerous challenges in the field of archive management. Limited in-house office space, furloughs of personnel, and inconsistency, has highlighted the potential for the Carl Albert Congressional Research and Studies Center Archives (Center) to develop and implement improved accessibility measures to thousands of linear feet of material. Addition ally, the Center has found unique opportunities to collaborate with multiple academic institutions to propose large-scale digitization program exhibitions using the Center’s remote workflow model. One of the largest, most complex collections the Center has worked with during this time is the Political Commercial Collection (the Collection), which holds 119,000 film, audio, and videotape recordings of commercials aired between 1936 and present. It is the largest collection of political commercials in the world. The Center has developed a working pilot digitization project that has currently resulted in access to 16,000 digital videos for public researchers and over 10,000 available for on-line streaming during the pilot phase between April 16, 2020, and December 1, 2020. This paper presents the practical application of the Center’s simplified “Linear Reciprocity Workflow Model” to provide a systematic solution for digital and long-term preservation of complex collections. The Center has proven that limited personnel and reduced resources need not interrupt continued access to archival repositories.

scholarly journals Early-life circumstances and the risk of function-limiting long-term conditions in later life

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-180
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Iveson ◽  
Chris Dibben ◽  
Ian J. Deary
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Cognitive Ability ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Functional Limitation ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Childhood Cognitive Ability ◽  
The Life Course

Older adults are particularly prone to function-limiting health issues that adversely affect their well-being. Previous work has identified factors from across the life course –childhood socio-economic status, childhood cognitive ability and education – that predict later-life functional outcomes. However, the independence of these contributions is unclear as later-in-the-life-course predictors are themselves affected by earlier ones. The present study capitalised on the recent linkage of the Scottish Mental Survey 1947 with the Scottish Longitudinal Study, using path analyses to examine the direct and indirect associations between life-course predictors and the risk of functional limitation at ages 55 (N = 2,374), 65 (N = 1,971) and 75 (N = 1,534). The odds of reporting a function-limiting long-term condition increased across later life. At age 55, reporting a functional limitation was significantly less likely in those with higher childhood socio-economic status, higher childhood cognitive ability and higher educational attainment; these associations were only partly mediated by other predictors. At age 65, adult socio-economic status emerged as a mediator of several associations, although direct associations with childhood socio-economic status and childhood cognitive ability were still observed. At age 75, only childhood socio-economic status and adult socio-economic status directly predicted the risk of a functional limitation, particularly those associated with disease or illness. A consistent pattern and direction of associations was observed with self-rated health more generally. These results demonstrate that early-life and adult circumstances are associated with functional limitations later in life, but that these associations are partly a product of complex mediation between life-course factors.

Catch-up growth in children after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Carmona ◽  
Lucas S. Hatanaka ◽  
Marco A. Barbieri ◽  
Heloisa Bettiol ◽  
Roseli B. D. Toffano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetralogy Of Fallot ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Residual Lesions ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the growth of children after repair of Tetralogy of Fallot, as well as the influence of residual lesions and socio-economic status.MethodsA total of 17 children, including 10 boys with a median age of 16 months at surgery, were enrolled in a retrospective cohort, in a tertiary care university hospital. Anthropometric (as z-scores), clinical, nutritional, and social data were collected.ResultsWeight-for-age and weight-for-height z-scores decreased pre-operatively and recovered post-operatively in almost all patients, most markedly weight for age. Weight-for-height z-scores improved, but were still lower than birth values in the long term. Long-term height-for-age z-scores were higher than those at birth, surgery, and 3 months post-operatively. Most patients showed catch-up growth for height for age (70%), weight for age (82%), and weight for height (70%). Post-operative residual lesions (76%) influenced weight-for-age z-scores. Despite the fact that most patients (70%) were from low-income families, energy intake was above the estimated requirement for age and gender in all but one patient. There was no influence of socio-economic status on pre- and post-operative growth. Bone age was delayed and long-term-predicted height was within mid-parental height limits in 16 children (93%).ConclusionChildren submitted to Tetralogy of Fallot repair had pre-operative acute growth restriction and showed post-operative catch-up growth for weight and height. Acute growth restriction could still be present in the long term.

scholarly journals Practice makes voters? Effects of student mock elections on turnout

Politics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-393
Author(s):  
Richard Öhrvall ◽  
Sven Oskarsson
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Political Interest ◽  
Parliamentary Election ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The World ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Different Parts

Student mock elections are conducted in schools around the world in an effort to increase political interest and efficacy among students. There is, however, a lack of research on whether mock elections in schools enhance voter turnout in real elections. In this article, we examine whether the propensity to vote in Swedish elections is higher among young people who have previously experienced a student mock election. The analysis is based on unique administrative population-wide data on turnout in the Swedish 2010 parliamentary election and the 2009 European Parliament election. Our results show that having experienced a mock election as a student does not increase the likelihood of voting in subsequent real elections. This result holds when we study both short- and long-term effects, and when we divide our sample into different parts depending on their socio-economic status and study each part separately.

scholarly journals Pressure cooker ownership and food security in Aurangabad, India

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 818-826 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine L van Elsland ◽  
Marinka van der Hoeven ◽  
Shubhangini Joshi ◽  
Colleen M Doak ◽  
Maiza Campos Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cooking Fuel ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Home Gardening ◽  
Hiv Aids

AbstractObjectiveTo explore associations between household food security and home gardening, use of soya and pressure cooker ownership in low-income households affected by HIV/AIDS in Aurangabad, India.DesignCross-sectional pilot study which assessed household food security using the validated US Department of Agriculture's food security core-module questionnaire. Questions were added to explore household environment, education, occupation, home gardening, use of soya and pressure cooker ownership. Households with very lowv. low food security were compared using logistic regression analysis, controlling for confounding by socio-economic status.SettingAurangabad is an urban setting situated in a primarily agricultural dependent area. The study was carried out in 2008, at the peak of the global food crisis.SubjectsAdult caregivers of children affiliated with the Network of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Aurangabad.ResultsAll except for one of 133 households were identified as food insecure (99·2 %). Of these households, 35·6 % had to cut size or skip a meal in the past 30 d. Households that cut meal size due to cooking fuel shortages were more likely to have very low food security (OR = 4·67; 95 % CI 1·62, 13·44) compared with households having no cooking fuel shortages. Owning a pressure cooker was shown to be protective against very low food security after controlling for confounding by socio-economic status (OR = 0·27; 95 % CI 0·11, 0·64).ConclusionsOnly pressure cooker ownership showed a protective association with low household food security. Pressure cookers save household fuel costs. Therefore, future interventions should explore pressure cookers as a sustainable means of improving household food security.

Adjustment to Retirement: What We Know and What We Need to Know

1987 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Braithwaite ◽  
D. M. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Political ◽  
Work Commitment ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Hierarchy Model ◽  
Goal Hierarchy ◽  
Status Occupation

ABSTRACTDifficulty in adjusting to retirement has consistently emerged as a problem for approximately a third of retirees. A body of research has converged on a description of the poor adjuster as one in poor health, with inadequate income, a negative pre-retirement attitude, but with an increased likelihood of adaptation over time. Findings relating to other factors such as socio-economic status, occupation, activity, career fulfilment, job satisfaction and work commitment are far less conclusive, with interpretation hampered by a failure to control for the more well established correlates of retirement adjustment. This paper reviews the empirical work in this field, evaluates the goal hierarchy model and the political economy of old age literature as bases for explaining differences in retirement adjustment, and proposes a theoretical framework for future research which brings these two perspectives together.

scholarly journals Secular and religious volunteering among immigrants and natives in Denmark

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Peter Y Qvist
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Intergenerational Transmission ◽  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Mediation Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Social

During the last 20–30 years Western societies have witnessed large scale migration from the Global South. This has given rise to important challenges in securing the social, civic and political integration of non-Western immigrants into Western societies. Previous research has suggested that participation in volunteering in civil society can serve as a ‘stepping stone’ towards integration for immigrants. Whilst the previous studies have shown marked gaps in the propensity to participate in volunteering between immigrants and natives, little work has been done to identify the mechanisms that explain these gaps. In this study, high-quality survey data, linked with data from administrative registers, are used, with the application of logistic regression based on the Karlson–Holm–Breen method to conduct mediation analysis. The mediation analysis shows that non-Western immigrants are significantly less likely to participate in secular volunteering compared to natives; however, over half of this gap is explained by an indirect effect via socio-economic status, self-rated health, generalized trust, informal social networks and the intergenerational transmission of volunteering. Moreover, the mediation analysis suggests that non-Western immigrants are more likely to participate in religious volunteering: this is completely explained by a strong indirect effect occurring via religiosity.

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