scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Human Hypertension: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Guo ◽  
Xiaosu Li ◽  
Zhijian Wang ◽  
Bo Yu
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Microbial Interactions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Microbial Structure ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Human Hypertension ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the major risk factors to human health and human studies on association between gut microbiota and hypertension or blood pressure have received increased attention. In the present study, we aim to evaluate gut microbiota dysbiosis in human hypertension using a method of systematic review.Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched until March 2021 to identify eligible articles. Additional articles were also identified by searching specific authors in this field. Inclusion criteria were observational studies based on stool samples with hypertension group and control group. Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of the included studies. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020212219.Results: A total of 17 studies enrolling 9,085 participants were included. Fifteen of the enrolled studies showed good quality and two studies showed fair quality based on NOS. We found alpha diversity in hypertension decreased significantly and microbial structure can be separated compared with control groups. Gut microbiota of hypertension showed depletion of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producers and over-growth of some Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes members. Up-regulation of lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, phosphotransferase system, ABC transporters, etc. and down-regulation of some amino acid metabolism, etc. in hypertension were reported. Fecal SCFAs levels increased and plasma SCFAs levels decreased in hypertension. Stronger microbial interactions in hypertension were seen.Conclusion: In conclusion, gut microbiota dysbiosis was observed in hypertension, including decreased diversity, altered microbial structure, compositional change of taxa, alterations of microbial function, nutritional and immunological factors, and microbial interactions. Poor absorption and high excretion of SCFAs may play an important role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. These findings may provide insights into etiology study and new microbial-based therapies of hypertension.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO database, identifier CRD42020212219.

scholarly journals Dietary Fibre, Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis and Type 2 Diabetes

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Omorogieva Ojo ◽  
Qianqian Feng ◽  
Osarhumwese Osaretin Ojo ◽  
Xiaohua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Background: Diabetes prevalence is on the increase globally and its impact on those with the condition in terms of acute and chronic complications can be profound. People with type 2 diabetes constitute the majority of those with the condition and the risk factors include obesity, lifestyle and gut microbiota dysbiosis. Poor dietary intake has been reported to influence the community of the gut microbiome. Therefore, a higher intake of dietary fibre may alter the environment in the gut and promote microbial growth and proliferation. Aim: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis which examined the effect of dietary fibre on gut microbiota in patients with type 2 diabetes. Method: This review was conducted in line with the PRISMA framework. Databases were searched for relevant articles which were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Nine articles which met the inclusion criteria were selected for the systematic review and meta-analysis. High dietary fibre intake significantly improved (p < 0.05) the abundance of Bifidobacterium, total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and HbA1c. Discussion: The promotion of SCFA producers in terms of greater diversity and abundance by dietary fibre may have resulted in improvement in glycated haemoglobin, partly due to increased GLP–1 production. Conclusion: High consumption of dietary fibre has a significant (p < 0.05) effect on Bifidobacterium, total SCFAs and HbA1c, but not (p > 0.05) on propionic, butyric and acetic acid, fasting blood glucose and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance HOMAR–IR.

scholarly journals Reduced fecal short-chain fatty acids levels and the relationship with gut microbiota in IgA nephropathy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingxiong Chai ◽  
Qun Luo ◽  
Kedan Cai ◽  
Kaiyue Wang ◽  
Binbin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Caproic Acid ◽  
Isobutyric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Β Diversity

Abstract Background: IgA nephropathy(IgAN)) is the common pathological type of glomerular diseases. The role of gut microbiota in mediating "gut-IgA nephropathy" has not received sufficient attention in the previous studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of fecal short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs), a metabolite of the intestinal microbiota, in patients with IgAN and its correlation with intestinal flora and clinical indicators, and to further investigate the role of the gut-renal axis in IgAN.Methods: There were 29 patients with IgAN and 29 normal control subjects recruited from January 2018 to May 2018. The fresh feces were collected. The fecal SCFAs were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gut microbiota was analysed by16S rDNA sequences, followed by estimation of α- and β-diversity. Correlation analysis was performed using the spearman’s correlation test between SCFAs and gut microbiota. Results:The levels of acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, isobutyric acid and caproic acid in the IgAN patients were significantly reduced compared with control group(P<0.05). Butyric acid(r=-0.336, P=0.010) and isobutyric acid(r=-0.298, P=0.022) were negatively correlated with urea acid; butyric acid(r=-0.316, P=0.016) was negatively correlated with urea nitrogen; caproic acid(r=-0.415,P=0.025) showed negative correlation with 24-h urine protein level.Exemplified by the results of α-diversity and β-diversity, the intestinal flora of IgAN patients was significantly different from that of the control group. Acetic acid was positively associated with c_Clostridia(r=0.357, P=0.008), o_Clostridiales(r=0.357, P=0.008) and g_Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group(r=0.283, P=0.036). Butyric acid was positively associated with g_Alistipes (r=0.278, P=0.040). The relative abundance of those were significantly decreased in IgAN group compared to control group.Conclusion: The levels of fecal SCFAs in the IgAN patients were reduced, and correlated with clinical parameters and gut microbiota, which may be involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN, and this finding may provide a new therapeutic approach.

Probiotics lower plasma glucose in the high-fat fed C57BL/6J mouse

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Andersson ◽  
C. Bränning ◽  
S. Ahrné ◽  
G. Molin ◽  
J. Alenfall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Early Diabetes

Today, the gut microbiota is considered a key organ in host nutritional metabolism and recent data have suggested that alterations in gut microbiota contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Accordingly, a whole range of beneficial effects relating to inflammation and gut health have been observed following administration of probiotics to both humans and different animal models. The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic effects of an oral probiotic supplement, Lactobacillus plantarum DSM 15313, to high-fat diet (HFD) fed C57BL/6J mice, a model of human obesity and early diabetes. The mice were fed the experimental diets for 20 weeks, after which the HFD had induced an insulin-resistant state in both groups compared to the start of the study. The increase in body weight during the HFD feeding was higher in the probiotic group than in the control group, however, there were no significant differences in body fat content. Fasting plasma glucose levels were lower in the group fed the probiotic supplement, whereas insulin and lipids were not different. Caecal levels of short-chain fatty acids were not significantly different between the groups. An oral glucose tolerance test showed that the group fed probiotics had a significantly lower insulin release compared to the control group, although the rate of glucose clearance was not different. Taken together, these data indicate that L. plantarum DSM 15313 has anti-diabetic properties when fed together with an HFD.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis Associated With Altered Production of Short Chain Fatty Acids in Children With Neurodevelopmental Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarina Bojović ◽  
Ður -d ica Ignjatović ◽  
Svetlana Soković Bajić ◽  
Danijela Vojnović Milutinović ◽  
Mirko Tomić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Disorders ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Beneficial and Harmful Outcomes of Tocilizumab in Severe COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Rubio-Rivas ◽  
Jose M. Mora-Lujan ◽  
Abelardo Montero ◽  
Narcis A. Homs ◽  
Jordi Rello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Icu Mortality ◽  
Secondary Infections ◽  
Randomized Control

Objectives: Pending for randomized control trials, the use of tocilizumab (TCZ) in COVID-19 remains controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect on clinical outcomes of TCZ to treat severe COVID-19. Methods: From 1 January to 21 August 2020, we searched PubMed (via MEDLINE), Scopus, and medRxiv repository databases for observational studies in any language reporting efficacy and safety of TCZ use in hospitalized adults with COVID-19. Independent and dually data extraction and quality assessment were performed. Results: Of 57 eligible studies, 27 controlled and 30 not. The overall included patients were 8,128: 4,021 treated with TCZ, in addition to standard of care (SOC), and 4,107 only receiving SOC. The pooled mortality was lower in the TCZ-group, with a relative risk (RR) of 0.73 (95%CI 0.57-0.93; p=0.010). TCZ-treated patients were transferred to the intensive care unit (ICU) in a higher proportion, but ICU mortality was lower than in the control group. Conversely, a higher proportion of TCZ-treated patients developed secondary infections after TCZ use. Conclusions: TCZ seems beneficial in preventing in-hospital mortality in severe, non-critically ill COVID-19 patients. However, patients receiving TCZ appear to be at higher risk for secondary infections, especially those admitted to ICU.

Biomarkers of human gut microbiota diversity and dysbiosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-148
Author(s):  
Alina M Rüb ◽  
Anastasia Tsakmaklis ◽  
Stefanie K Gräfe ◽  
Marie-Christine Simon ◽  
Maria JGT Vehreschild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Microbiota Diversity ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis ◽  
Secondary Bile Acids

The association of gut microbiota dysbiosis with various human diseases is being substantiated with increasing evidence. Metabolites derived from both, microbiota and the human host play a central role in disease susceptibility and disease progression by extensively modulating host physiology and metabolism. Several of these metabolites have the potential to serve as diagnostic biomarkers for monitoring disease states in conjunction with intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. In this narrative review we evaluate the potential of trimethylamine-N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, 3-indoxyl sulfate, p-cresyl sulfate, secondary bile acids, hippurate, human β-defensin-2, chromogranin A, secreted immunoglobulins and zonulin to serve as biomarkers for metabolite profiling and diagnostic suitability for dysbiosis and disease.

scholarly journals Gut Dysbiosis and IL-21 Response in Patients with Severe COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1292
Author(s):  
Mahejibin Khan ◽  
Bijina J. Mathew ◽  
Priyal Gupta ◽  
Garima Garg ◽  
Sagar Khadanga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Metagenomics Data ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Background: The disease severity, ranging from being asymptomatic to having acute illness, and associated inflammatory responses has suggested that alterations in the gut microbiota may play a crucial role in the development of chronic disorders due to COVID-19 infection. This study describes gut microbiota dysbiosis in COVID-19 patients and its implications relating to the disease. Design: A cross sectional prospective study was performed on thirty RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients admitted to the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India, between September 10 and 20, 2020. Ten healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. IFN, TNF, and IL-21 profiling was conducted using plasma samples, and gut bacterial analysis was performed after obtaining the metagenomics data of stool samples. Results: Patients with a variable COVID-19 severity showed distinct gut microflora and peripheral interleukin-21 levels. A low Firmicute/Bacteroidetes ratio, caused by the depletion of the fibre-utilizing bacteria, F. prausnitzii, B. Plebius, and Prevotella, and an increase in Bacteroidetes has associated gut microbiota dysbiosis with COVID-19 disease severity. Conclusions: The loss of the functional attributes of signature commensals in the gut, due to dysbiosis, is a predisposing factor of COVID-19 pathophysiology.

Salivary Biomarkers in Denture Stomatitis: A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 312-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Khiyani ◽  
M. Ahmadi ◽  
J. Barbeau ◽  
J.S. Feine ◽  
R.F. de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Methodological Quality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Denture Stomatitis ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective Denture stomatitis (DS) is an oral biofilm–associated inflammation of the denture-bearing mucosa. The objective of this review was to identify and evaluate the quality of evidence on the association between the levels of salivary biomarkers and DS among adults with and without palatal DS. Materials and methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, Medline, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register for Controlled Trials were searched for eligible studies from the beginning of the archives until December 2018. Experimental and observational studies with adult participants were included that had a control group or subgroup analysis and provided data on salivary biomarkers and DS. Articles in languages other than English or French were excluded. The level of evidence and grades of recommendation were established with the 2011 scale of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Additionally, the assessment of methodological quality was conducted with the STROBE statement (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) and graded according to the Olmos scale. Results: From 1,008 citations, 9 studies were included in the systematic review (8 observational, 1 clinical trial). Seven studies suggested a statistically significant difference in the levels of salivary cytokines (IL-6, CCL3, TGF-β, CXCL8, GM-CSF, and TNF-α) between participants with DS and controls ( P < 0.05). In contrast, 2 studies concluded that the difference in the levels of several salivary cytokines (IL2, IL12, IFN-g, IL-4, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α, and ICAM-1) between the groups was not statistically significant. The level of evidence for the majority of studies was 3, while the grade of recommendation for all the studies was B, interpreted as “favorable.” In terms of methodological quality, most studies met 50% to 80% of STROBE criteria and were graded B. Conclusion: Palatal inflammation in DS is significantly associated with the levels of salivary cytokines. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study identified altered levels of specific salivary biomarkers associated with denture stomatitis, which may aid in the early diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Modulation by Dietary Barley Malt Melanoidins

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nesreen Aljahdali ◽  
Pascale Gadonna-Widehem ◽  
Pauline M. Anton ◽  
Franck Carbonero
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maillard Reaction Products ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Barley Malt ◽  
16S Rrna Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
The Impact

Melanoidins are the final Maillard reaction products (protein–carbohydrate complexes) produced in food by prolonged and intense heating. We assessed the impact of the consumption of melanoidins from barley malts on gut microbiota. Seventy-five mice were assigned into five groups, where the control group consumed a non-melanoidin malt diet, and other groups received melanoidin-rich malts in increments of 25% up to 100% melanoidin malts. Feces were sampled at days 0, 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, and 21 and the microbiota was determined using V4 bacterial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) by gas chromatography. Increased melanoidins was found to result in significantly divergent gut microbiota profiles and supported sustained SCFA production. The relative abundance of Dorea, Oscillibacter, and Alisitpes were decreased, while Lactobacillus, Parasutterella, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium, and Barnesiella increased. Bifidobacterium spp. and Akkermansia spp. were significantly increased in mice consuming the highest melanoidin amounts, suggesting remarkable prebiotic potential.

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