scholarly journals Incidence of Arterial Hypertension in People With Periodontitis and Characterization of the Oral and Subgingival Microbiome: A Study Protocol

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireya Martínez-García ◽  
Roberto Carlos Castrejón-Pérez ◽  
Adriana Patricia Rodríguez-Hernández ◽  
Santiago Sandoval-Motta ◽  
Maite Vallejo ◽  
...  

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. High blood pressure in particular, continues to increase throughout the global population at an increasingly fast pace. The relationship between arterial hypertension and periodontitis has been recently discussed in the context of its origins and implications. Particularly relevant is the role of the periodontal microbiome linked to persistent local and systemic inflammation, along with other risk factors and social determinants of health. The present protocol will investigate/assess the association between periodontal disease and its microbiome on the onset of hypertension, within a cohort from Mexico City. One thousand two hundred twelve participants will be studied during a 60-month period. Studies will include analysis of periodontal conditions, sampling and sequencing of the salivary and subgingival microbiome, interviews on nutritional and lifestyle habits, social determinants of health, blood pressure and anthropometric measurements. Statistical associations and several classic epidemiology and machine learning approaches will be performed to analyze the data. Implications for the generation of public policy—by early public health interventions or epidemiological surveillance approaches—and for the population empowerment—via the establishment of primary prevention recommendations, highlighting the relationship between oral and cardiovascular health—will be considered. This latter set of interventions will be supported by a carefully planned science communication and health promotion strategy. This study has been registered and approved by the Research and Ethics Committee of the School of Dentistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (CIE/0308/05/2019) and the National Institute of Genomic Medicine (CEI/2020/12). The umbrella cohort was approved by the Institutional Bioethics Committee of the National Institute of Cardiology-Ignacio Chavez (INC-ICh) under code 13-802.

2021 ◽  
pp. 174239532110004
Author(s):  
Aprill Z Dawson ◽  
Rebekah J Walker ◽  
Chris Gregory ◽  
Leonard E Egede

Objective Validate a conceptual framework and identify pathways between antecedent (life-course socioeconomic status (L-SES)), predisposing (age, sex, married, homeless as a child), enabling (health literacy, acculturation), and need (disability) social determinants of health (SDoH) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in US immigrants. Methods 181 immigrants were enrolled in the study. Path analysis was used to identify paths by which SDoH influence SBP and to determine if antecedents, predisposing, enabling, and need factors have direct and indirect relationships with SBP. Results The final model(chi2(5)=14.88, p = 0.011, RMSEA = 0.070, pclose = 0.17, CFI = 0.96) showed L-SES was directly associated with age (0.12, p = 0.019) and disability(0.17, p = 0.001); and indirectly associated with disability (0.29, p < 0.001) and SBP (0.31, p < 0.001). Age (0.31, p < 0.001) and sex(0.25, p < 0.001) were directly associated with SBP, and age was directly associated with disability (0.29, p < 0.001) and indirectly associated with SBP(0.14, p = 0.018). Other predisposing factors such as being married (−0.32, p < 0.001) and being homeless as a child alone (0.16, p < 0.001) were directly associated with disability and indirectly associated (0.14, p = 0.018) with SBP. Enabling factor of health literacy (0.16, p = 0.001) was directly associated with disability and indirectly associated (0.14, p = 0.018) with SBP. Need factor of disability (0.14, p = 0.018) was directly associated with SBP. Conclusions This study provides the first validation of a conceptual model for the relationship between SDoH and SBP among immigrants and identifies potential targets for focused interventions.


2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nuria Menéndez Álvarez ◽  
Emiliano Diez Villoria ◽  
Estíbaliz Jimenez Arberas ◽  
Ana María Castaño Pérez ◽  
Antonio León García Izquierdo

Importance: For the first time in recent history, people worldwide have faced severe restrictions in occupations because of the measures adopted by governments to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis. Objective: To determine the limitations on participation of occupational therapists and occupational therapy students during “lockdown” and their impact on social determinants of health. Design: A cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted via an online survey. Participants: A total of 488 occupational therapists and occupational therapy students in North America, South America, and Europe. Outcomes and Measures: A questionnaire consisting of the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health and items developed to assess the impact of lockdown on daily life was emailed to occupational therapy professional associations, organizations, and universities between April and June 2020. It was available in English, Spanish, and Portuguese and met all the parameters listed in the Declaration of Helsinki. Results: The roles and routines of people across the developed world have been affected by lockdown measures. The study shows marked differences between participants in the domains of getting along and life activities, as well as influence on the environment. Moreover, South American participants experienced these difficulties to a greater extent than European participants. Conclusions and Relevance: This study quantifies the limitations in the participation of occupational therapists and occupational therapy students and the relationship of occupation to social determinants of health. What This Article Adds: The results of this research corroborate the relationship between health and occupation and highlight elements, such as the environment and context, that are important in occupational therapy. Therapists’ ability to analyze occupation in relation to contextual and cultural factors will benefit clients.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona Haigh ◽  
Lynn Kemp ◽  
Patricia Bazeley ◽  
Neil Haigh

Abstract Background That there is a relationship between human rights and health is well established and frequently discussed. However, actions intended to take account of the relationship between human rights and social determinants of health have often been limited by lack of clarity and ambiguity concerning how these rights and determinants may interact and affect each other. It is difficult to know what to do when you do not understand how things work. As our own understanding of this consideration is founded on perspectives provided by the critical realist paradigm, we present an account of and commentary on our application of these perspectives in an investigation of this relationship. Findings We define the concept of paradigm and review critical realism and related implications for construction of knowledge concerning this relationship. Those implications include the need to theorise possible entities involved in the relationship together with their distinctive properties and consequential power to affect one another through exercise of their respective mechanisms (ways of working). This theorising work enabled us identify a complex, multi-layered assembly of entities involved in the relationship and some of the array of causal mechanisms that may be in play. These are presented in a summary framework. Conclusion Researchers’ views about the nature of knowledge and its construction inevitably influence their research aims, approaches and outcomes. We demonstrate that by attending to these views, which are founded in their paradigm positioning, researchers can make more progress in understanding the relationship between human rights and the social determinants of health, in particular when engaged in theorizing work. The same approaches could be drawn on when other significant relationships in health environments are investigated.


2019 ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
José M Ocampo Chaparro ◽  
Carlos A Reyes Ortiz ◽  
Ximena Castro Flórez ◽  
Fernando Gómez

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of frailty and evaluate the relationship with the social determinants of health in elderly residents in urban and rural areas of Colombia. Methods: The SABE (Health, Wellbeing, and Aging) Colombia project is a cross-sectional study, carried out in 2014-2015, involving 24,553 men and women aged 60 years and older who live in the community in Colombia. For this analysis, we used data from 4,474 participants included as a subsample with grip strength measurements. The frailty syndrome was diagnosed according to the Fried criteria (weakness, low speed, low physical activity, exhaustion, and weight loss). The independent variables were grouped as (a) biological and genetic flow, (b) lifestyle (adverse conditions in childhood) (c) social networks and community, and (d) socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions. Multiple logistic and linear regression analyses were used to assess the prognostic value of frailty for the outcomes of interest. Results: The prevalence of frailty was 17.9%. The factors significantly associated with frailty were older age, being women, living in rural areas, having low education, a greater number of medical conditions, insufficient current income, childhood health problems and a poor economic situation in childhood. Conclusions: Our results support the need to include frailty prevention programs, to improve the socioeconomic health conditions of infants to avoid future development of frailty.


2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gant Z ◽  
Lomotey M ◽  
Hall H.I ◽  
Hu X ◽  
Guo X ◽  
...  

Background: Social determinants of health (SDH) are the social and physical factors that can influence unhealthy or risky behavior. Social determinants of health can affect the chances of acquiring an infectious disease – such as HIV – through behavioral influences and limited preventative and healthcare access. We analyzed the relationship between social determinants of health and HIV diagnosis rates to better understand the disparity in rates between different populations in the United States. Methods: Using National HIV Surveillance data and American Community Survey data at the county level, we examined the relationships between social determinants of health variables (e.g., proportion of whites, income inequality) and HIV diagnosis rates (averaged for 2006-2008) among adults and adolescents from 40 states with mature name-based HIV surveillance. Results: Analysis of data from 1,560 counties showed a significant, positive correlation between HIV diagnosis rates and income inequality (Pearson correlation coefficient ρ = 0.40) and proportion unmarried – ages >15 (ρ = 0.52). There was a significant, negative correlation between proportion of whites and rates (ρ = -0.67). Correlations were low between racespecific social determinants of health indicators and rates. Conclusions/Implications: Overall, HIV diagnosis rates increased as income inequality and the proportion unmarried increased, and rates decreased as proportion of whites increased. The data reflect the higher HIV prevalence among non-whites. Although statistical correlations were moderate, identifying and understanding these social determinants of health variables can help target prevention efforts to aid in reducing HIV diagnosis rates. Future analyses need to determine whether the higher proportion of singles reflects higher populations of gay and bisexual men.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document