Characterizing Concealed Fault Systems by Integrating Field Data Mapping and Laboratory Experiments: A Case Study of the Huawa Area in East China

Concealed faults can be important for understanding the regional structural geology and the subsurface fluid distribution. However, such faults are usually difficult to identify and characterize because of their small size and complex mechanism. To address this issue, we present an integrated approach of three-dimensional seismic data mapping and physical modeling experiments to examine the geometrical and kinematic characteristics of concealed faults and their relationship with the main faults in the Huawa area, east China. Three series of experiments were designed to characterize the differences in the scale of concealed faults and main faults, which also allowed us to examine how the concealed faults grow with the main faults in the area. Through this integrated study, we have demonstrated that: 1) NE-SW-striking concealed faults are below the resolution of the available seismic datasets and not easily recognized in seismic sections and that most of them grew later than the E-W-striking main faults, with some of them having grown at the same time; 2) pre-existing faults, rather than asymmetry of the basin structure, affect the faults that develop during subsequent episodes of extension; 3) E-W-striking pre-existing faults under a NW-SE stress direction of extension are most likely the formation mechanism of concealed faults. This study is of reference value in the interpretation of concealed faults in other regions.

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Spatial Optimization of Residential Care Facility Configuration Based on the Integration of Modified Immune Algorithm and GIS: A Case Study of Jing’an District in Shanghai, China

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17218090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (21) ◽

pp. 8090 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Min Cheng ◽

Xiao Cui

Keyword(s):

Residential Care ◽

Care Facility ◽

Reference Value ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

The Elderly ◽

Spatial Optimization ◽

Immune Algorithm ◽

Residential Care Facility ◽

The Government

As the population is aging rapidly, the irrationality of residential care facility (RCF) configuration has impacted the efficiency and quality of the aged care services so significantly that the optimization of RCF configuration is urgently required. A multi-objective spatial optimization model for the RCF configuration is developed by considering the demands of three stakeholders, including the government, the elderly, and the investor. A modified immune algorithm (MIA) is implemented to find the optimal solutions, and the geographic information system (GIS) is used to extract information on spatial relationships and visually display optimization results. Jing’an District, part of Shanghai, China, is analyzed as a case study to demonstrate the advantages of this integrated approach. The configuration rationality of existing residential care facilities (RCFs) is analyzed, and a detailed recommendation for optimization is proposed. The results indicate that the number of existing RCFs is deficient; the locations of some RCFs are unreasonable, and there is a large gap between the service supply of existing RCFs and the demands of the elderly. To fully meet the care demands of the elderly, 6 new facilities containing 1193 beds are needed to be added. In comparison with the optimization results of other algorithms, MIA is superior in terms of the calculation accuracy and convergence rate. Based on the integration of MIA and GIS, the quantity, locations, and scale of RCFs can be optimized simultaneously, effectively, and comprehensively. The optimization scheme has improved the equity and efficiency of RCF configuration, increased the profits of investors, and reduced the travel costs of the elderly. The proposed method and optimization results have reference value for policy-making and planning of RCFs as well as other public service facilities.

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An Integrated Approach on Carbonate Reservoir Evaluation by Combining Borehole Image and NMR Logs - A Case study in Ordovician carbonate, East China

10.2118/131580-ms ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Hou Huijun ◽

Huayun Yun ◽

Yun Xie

Keyword(s):

Integrated Approach ◽

Carbonate Reservoir ◽

East China ◽

Reservoir Evaluation ◽

Borehole Image

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Mechanism of Gravity-Driven Deformation Using Sandbox Modeling: A Case Study of The Tarakan Sub-Basin, East Kalimantan

10.29118/ipa21-g-286 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

B. Sapiie

Keyword(s):

Normal Faults ◽

Additional Information ◽

Bathymetric Data ◽

East Kalimantan ◽

Tectonic Reconstruction ◽

Gravity Driven ◽

Sandbox Modeling ◽

Seismic Sections ◽

Integrated Study

Based on the observations of subsurface and bathymetric maps, various structural patterns are observed in the Tarakan Basin, especially in the Tarakan and Tidung Sub-basins. One of the hypotheses put forward in this study that the gravity-driven mechanism is responsible to generate the normal faults system and folds -thrust belt in the offshore Tarakan Basin. We conducted an integrated study using palinspatic reconstructions of several seismic sections and an analogue-sandbox modeling to observe and explain this gravity-driven. The deformation modeling, which is controlled by gravity requires special conditions that can trigger the movement. The three main parameters that cause gravity deformation to occur are lithology, loading, and slope. In the case of the Tarakan Basin, modeling was carried out by referring to the results of 2D-seismic palinspatic reconstructions. Besides, the additional information as a basis for modeling is also based on the current topographic and bathymetric data. The tectonic reconstruction is used as a reference for paleo-stress data. In theory, one of the factors determining the occurrence of this mechanism is the presence of detachment. This detachment manifests the over-pressure fluid anomaly in the rock, such as over-pressure shale and salt layers. To simulate the conditions that may closely be like the behavior in this detachment, bead materials were selected in the sandbox modeling. Twenty-two experiments were conducted to test the bead as the materials in this modeling, and more than thirty experiments were carried out to model this case. From more than ten realizations, the model with the closest results to seismic interpretation and palinspastic analyses were chosen. From the results of experiments that have been conducted, the development of thrust faults related to the development of normal faults. This evidence is in line with the deformation of gravity-driven mechanism.

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Hydrocarbon Retention and the Case for Vertical Migration

10.2118/208526-ms ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Geovani Christopher Kaeng ◽

Kate Evans ◽

Florence Bebb ◽

Rebecca Head

Keyword(s):

Vertical Migration ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Fluid Distribution ◽

Hydrocarbon Migration ◽

Gas Phases ◽

Hydrocarbon Charging ◽

Control Fluid ◽

And Migration

Abstract Complex hydrocarbon charging and distribution in which reservoirs are filled by oil and gas phases with different densities and genetic types inter-fingering within the basin, are common phenomena, and often attributed to vertical migration. This paper discusses the factors that control vertical hydrocarbon migration and presents modelling of the hydrocarbon charging and entrapment history in a tertiary basin in Southeast Asia as a case study. According to the Young-Laplace flow theory of the secondary hydrocarbon migration mechanics, migration occurs in a state of capillary equilibrium in a flow regime dominated by buoyancy and capillary forces. In this study, the invasion percolation simulation algorithm, based on the Young-Laplace flow, was used. During the simulation, three-dimensional (3D) seismic data were used as the high-resolution base grid for migration to capture the effect of both structure and facies heterogeneities on fluid flow. A model of an unfaulted system was presented to make the case. In the study area there is inter-fingering between oil and gas across different formations; most oils are trapped in the deeper formation, oil and gas inter-fingering occurs in the middle formation, and the upper formation contains mostly gas. This arrangement is possible because of the interplay between the expelled fluid buoyancy and relatively weak intra-formational seals within the basin. The modeling results were then calibrated to known accumulations or fluid presence in wells. In a basin dominated by a vertical migration regime, hydrocarbons are prevented from travelling far from the kitchen, thus decreasing prospectivity away from the kitchen. Through a case study, this paper helps to understand the factors that influence hydrocarbon retention and migration that control fluid distribution within a basin. Eventually the study helps geologists to understand prospectivity risking related to hydrocarbon charging, which is one of the main risks in exploration especially in mature basins.

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An Integrated Approach on Carbonate Reservoir Evaluation by Combining Borehole Image and NMR Logs - A Case Study in Ordovician Carbonate, East China

10.2118/131571-ms ◽

2010 ◽

Author(s):

Hou Huijun ◽

Huayun Yun ◽

Yun Xie

Keyword(s):

Integrated Approach ◽

Carbonate Reservoir ◽

East China ◽

Reservoir Evaluation ◽

Borehole Image

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Vine Waste Valorisation: Integrated Approach for the Prospection of Bioactive Lipophilic Phytochemicals

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20174239 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (17) ◽

pp. 4239 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ângelo C. Salvador ◽

Mário M. Q. Simões ◽

Artur M. S. Silva ◽

Sónia A. O. Santos ◽

Sílvia M. Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Integrated Approach ◽

Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽

Vitis Vinifera L ◽

Grape Vine ◽

Chemical Profiling ◽

Waste Valorisation ◽

Health Promoting ◽

Integrated Study

Substantial amounts of vine wastes are produced during vineyard management, and the chemical profiling of high-value lipophilic phytochemicals is becoming crucial in order to find a complementary route towards their integrated valorisation. The prospection of bioactive phytochemicals from unripe grape, vine shoot, vine cane, stalk and leaf dichloromethane extracts was carried out by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), analysing samples from a mixture of four red Vitis vinifera L. varieties (Baga, Aragonez, Água Santa and Shiraz), collected at Bairrada Appellation, as a representative case study of typical multi-variety Portuguese vineyards. Vine wastes showed distinct amounts of lipophilic extract, ranging from 0.68% (vine canes) to 13.35% (vine leaves) at dry weight (dw). Thirty-three components were identified, including fatty acids and alcohols, sterols and triterpenoids accounting for amounts from 118.9 mg/100 g dw to 1512.0 mg/100 g dw. The integrated study revealed that unripe grape, stalk and leaf dichloromethane extracts stood out as possible sources of triterpenic compounds (103.2 to 653.5 mg/100 g dw), with lupeol, ursolic and oleanolic acids prevailing. Leaf extract is also reported as an undervalued source of α-tocopherol, as the major component detected in this matrix (300.5 mg/100 g dw). These exploratory results are a relevant contribution for the exploitation of undervalued vine residues as a source of health-promoting components with the potential to be used as supplements or nutraceutical ingredients.

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Construction of plastic contact deformation maps on ceramics: a case study on aluminum nitride

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100165641 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 54 ◽

pp. 636-637

Author(s):

D. L. Callahan

Keyword(s):

Plastic Deformation ◽

Aluminum Nitride ◽

Mechanical Response ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Bright Field Image ◽

Perfectly Plastic ◽

Contrast Analysis ◽

Deformation Patterns

Modern polishing, precision machining and microindentation techniques allow the processing and mechanical characterization of ceramics at nanometric scales and within entirely plastic deformation regimes. The mechanical response of most ceramics to such highly constrained contact is not predictable from macroscopic properties and the microstructural deformation patterns have proven difficult to characterize by the application of any individual technique. In this study, TEM techniques of contrast analysis and CBED are combined with stereographic analysis to construct a three-dimensional microstructure deformation map of the surface of a perfectly plastic microindentation on macroscopically brittle aluminum nitride.The bright field image in Figure 1 shows a lg Vickers microindentation contained within a single AlN grain far from any boundaries. High densities of dislocations are evident, particularly near facet edges but are not individually resolvable. The prominent bend contours also indicate the severity of plastic deformation. Figure 2 is a selected area diffraction pattern covering the entire indentation area.

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