scholarly journals Trends in Diabetes Mortality in Urban and Rural China, 1987–2019: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binbin Su ◽  
Yiran Wang ◽  
Yanhui Dong ◽  
Gang Hu ◽  
Yike Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Diabetes Mortality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis

PurposeDiabetes mellitus is emerging as an epidemic worldwide, and the incidence and prevalence of diabetes have drastically changed in China over the past 30 years, but data on its mortality rate are scarce. This study aimed to analyze the time trends of mortality rates among patients with diabetes in the rural and urban population in China between 1987 and 2019.MethodsThe research data come from China’s annual report on national health statistics and the Chinese Health Statistics Yearbook. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated by using the direct method based on the World Standard Population from the WHO. Joinpoint regression analysis was employed to estimate the annual percent change and average annual percentage changes of mortality rates of diabetes mellitus.ResultsAn overall trend for increment in diabetes mortality was observed. The crude mortality rates and age-standardized mortality rates of diabetes for urban and rural residents in China showed a significant increasing trend between 1987 and 2019. Mortality due to diabetes in urban areas has been higher than in rural areas for 30 years. However, due to the rapid increase of rural diabetes mortality in the past decade, the gap between the two gradually narrowed. The age-standardized mortality rates of diabetes increased by about 38.5% in urban areas and 254.9% in rural areas over the whole study period. In addition, the age-standardized mortality rate of females with diabetes was higher than that of males, but this pattern began to change in urban areas in 2012. Finally, the age-standardized mortality rates in the elderly population in China are higher with a faster growth rate, especially in rural areas.ConclusionThe mortality rate of diabetes is on the rise in China. The rapid growth of the mortality rate of diabetes in rural areas leads to the reduction of the urban–rural gap. Male mortality rates in urban areas have surpassed those of women. At the same time, the mortality rate of diabetes showed obvious elder-group orientation. As China’s population ages, the burden of death and disability caused by diabetes and its complications will continue to increase. These results indicate that diabetes has become a significant public health problem in China. Such an effect increases the demand for strategies aimed at the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. In addition to the prevention and intervention of diabetes in high-risk groups, it is also necessary to establish diabetes screening networks to identify patients with mild symptoms. Early detection and timely intervention can effectively reduce the incidence and mortality of diabetes.

scholarly journals Trends in mortality rates of cutaneous melanoma in East Asian populations

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Chen ◽  
Shaofei Jin
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
The Past ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Mortality Rate Ratio

The incidence of cutaneous melanoma (CM) has rapidly increased over the past four decades. CM is often overlooked in East Asian populations due to its low incidence, despite East Asia making up 22% of the world’s population. Since the 1990s, Caucasian populations have seen a plateau in CM mortality rates; however, there is little data investigating the mortality rates of CM in East Asian populations. In this study, the World Health Organization Mortality Database with the joinpoint regression method, and a generalized additive model were used to investigate trends in age standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) of CM in four East Asia regions (Japan, Republic of Korea (Korea), China: Hong Kong (Hong Kong), and Singapore) over the past six decades. In addition, mortality rate ratios by different variables (i.e., sex, age group, and region) were analyzed. Our results showed ASMRs of CM in East Asia significantly increased non-linearly over the past six decades. The joinpoint regression method indicated women had greater annual percentage changes than men in Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong. Men had significantly greater mortality rate ratio (1.51, 95% CI [1.48–1.54]) than women. Mortality rate ratios in 30−59 and 60+ years were significant greater than in the 0−29 years. Compared to Hong Kong, mortality rate ratio was 0.72 (95% CI [0.70–0.74]) times, 0.73 (95% CI [0.70–0.75]) times, and 1.02 (95% CI [1.00–1.05]) times greater in Japan, Korea, and Singapore, respectively. Although there is limited research investigating CM mortality rates in East Asia, results from the present study indicate that there is a significant growth in the ASMRs of CM in East Asian populations, highlighting a need to raise awareness of CM in the general population.

scholarly journals A Joinpoint Regression Analysis of Syphilis and Gonorrhea Incidence in 15–19-Year Old Adolescents between 2005 and 2017: A Regional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5385
Author(s):  
Anamaria Molnar ◽  
Mihaela Iancu ◽  
Rodica Radu ◽  
Cristina Maria Borzan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Case Definitions ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis ◽  
Active Detection

Background and Objectives: Surveillance of syphilis and gonorrhea in Romania is case-based and makes use of European case definitions. Adolescence is a period characterized by vulnerabilities and opportunities, a period when health decisions, including those related to sexually transmitted infections, may have a lifetime impact. The present study investigates the trends recorded in the incidence of syphilis and gonorrhea in 15–19 year-old adolescents in the central and northwestern regions of Romania. Materials and Methods: An observational study was conducted and this included surveillance data for syphilis and gonorrhea in the period 2005–2017 (n = 939). The distribution of demographic and epidemiological variables in adolescents with syphilis and gonorrhea was evaluated, as well as the tendency of the incidence of syphilis and gonorrhea in the studied population. Joinpoint regression analysis was used to characterize the incidence trend for syphilis and gonorrhea. Results: Between 2005 and 2017, 773 cases of syphilis and 166 cases of gonorrhea were reported. The incidence of syphilis and gonorrhea decreased. Most cases of syphilis have been found out by active detection. Most cases of gonorrhea have been found out by passive detection. The age distribution in the group diagnosed with syphilis was similar to that in the group diagnosed with gonorrhea. There was a higher frequency of syphilis in females and gonorrhea was more common in males. Syphilis was more common in rural areas. Gonorrhea was more common in urban areas. Conclusions: There was a decreasing tendency in the incidence of syphilis and gonorrhea in adolescents aged 15–19 during the studied period.

scholarly journals RACIAL DISPARITIES IN RURAL-URBAN MORTALITY GAP IN THE UNITED STATES: A 24-YEAR LONGITUDINAL STUDY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S733-S733
Author(s):  
Nasim Ferdows ◽  
Soroosh Baghban Ferdows ◽  
Amit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Racial Gap ◽  
The Us ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Although overall life expectancy in the US has improved rapidly over the course of the 20th century and the racial gap in all-cause mortality has declined in recent decades, geographical disparities in mortality have increased in the last three decades. This research aims to study racial and geographical disparities by comparing the race and sex-specific mortality trends of the US rural and urban populations. We created a longitudinal county level analytic file of the US population 65 years and older, over the period of 1968 to 2015 obtained from CDC-WONDER and Area Health Resources Files. First, we used an OLS regression of age-adjusted mortality rate onto year indicators interaction with race and gender to depict the race and sex-specific trend in age-adjusted mortality rates. We also estimated the change in in mortality rate over time, for each race and gender, relative to values in 1968. Finally, we estimated race and sex specific trend in rural-urban mortality gap using state fixed effects regression. Our results indicate that racial gap in mortality rates has only declined in urban areas. Mortality rates of the whites in rural areas declined more rapidly than their Black counterparts, resulting in a gap that has been widening in the last three decades. The racial gap has increased considerably for males residing in rural counties not adjacent to an urban county. Thus, racial disparity in mortality has increased in rural areas, with a considerable widening between white and black male population living in the more remote rural areas.

The Fifty-Year Decline of Cancer in America

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad Rodu ◽  
Philip Cole
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Health Statistics ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

PURPOSE: From 1950 to 1990, the overall cancer mortality rate increased steadily in the United States, a trend which ran counter to declining mortality from other major diseases. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of lung cancer on all-cancer mortality over the past 50 years. METHODS: Data from the National Centers for Health Statistics were used to develop mortality rates for all forms of cancer combined, lung cancer, and other-cancer (all-cancer minus lung cancer) from 1950 to 1998. RESULTS: When lung cancer is excluded, mortality from all other forms of cancer combined declined continuously from 1950 to 1998, dropping 25% during this period. The decline in other-cancer mortality was approximately 0.4% annually from 1950 to 1990 but accelerated to 0.9% per year from 1990 to 1996 and to 2.2% per year from 1996 to 1998. CONCLUSION: The long-term decline is likely due primarily to improvements in medical care, including screening, diagnosis, and treatment.

Incidence and Mortality of Eye Cancer in Shandong, China: A Population-based Study During 2013-2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingmei Li ◽  
Hongtao Wang ◽  
Zilong Lu ◽  
Jiandong Sun ◽  
Jiyu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Population ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Eye cancer is relatively rare. Current prevalence and disease burden of eye cancer are unlcear.The purpose of this study was to understand the epidemiology in the incidence and mortality of eye cancer in Shandong Province, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of eye cancer.Methods: Population-based cancer incidence and death data from cancer registries in 2013-2017 was collected by Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention (SDCDC). Extracted data were firstly assessed for data quality and then were aggregated by area (urban/rural), gender, and age group [0, 1-4, 5-9, 10-14, …, 85+]. Crude and age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates were calculated.Results: The reported numbers of eye cancer incident cases and deaths in Shandong cancer registry from 2013 to 2017 were 169 and 43, respectively. The crude incidence rate, age-standardized rate of incidence by Chinese population (ASRIC, 2000) and world population (ASRIW) were 11.12/107, 8.92/107 and 12.44/107, respectively. The crude mortality rate, age-standardized rate of mortality by Chinese population (ASRMC, 2000) and world population (ASRMW) were 2.83/107, 1.89/107 and 2.58/107, respectively. There were no marked differences in the incidence and mortality rates between male and female. The incidence rates were similar between rural and urban areas. The mortality rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas. The mortality-to-incidence (M/I) ratio in rural areas (0.30) was considerably higher than that in urban areas (0.18). The highest incidence was observed in children aged 0-4 years old, which was true for both urban and rural areas, and for both genders,Conclusion: Eye cancer is not a common malignant tumor in this population. Prevention and control measures should be tailored according to the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of eye cancer.

Trends in Diabetes Mortality by Gender in Urban and Rural Areas in China From 2003 to 2012: An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 238-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Changgui Kou ◽  
Wei Bai ◽  
Wanqing Hua ◽  
Weiying Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Spline Functions ◽  
Vital Registration ◽  
Joinpoint Regression ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Diabetes Mortality ◽  
Joinpoint Regression Analysis ◽  
Vital Registration System ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

We aimed to provide updated estimates for the trends and the effects attributable to age, period, and cohort by gender in urban and rural areas in China. The data were based on the vital registration system in China from 2003 to 2012. The annual percentage change used Joinpoint Regression Analysis. Spline functions were fitted to the age-period-cohort analysis. The average age-adjusted diabetes mortality rate was higher in women than in men, and it was higher in urban than in rural residents among both genders. The trend analysis of diabetes showed a favorable pattern among urban residents in both genders. Mortality increased with age, and compared with period and cohort effects, age effects were the most important risk factor in diabetes mortality. Although the overall trends in diabetes mortality decelerated, aging and rural-urban differences could still be driving the epidemic underlining a continued need for the priorities for health care programs to focus on predictors in diabetes mortality.

Mortality of Stroke and Its Subtypes in China: Results from a Nationwide Population-Based Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenghong Chen ◽  
Bin Jiang ◽  
Xiaojuan Ru ◽  
Haixin Sun ◽  
Dongling Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hemorrhagic Stroke ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Survey

Background: In China, stroke is the leading cause of death and contributes to a heavy disease burden. However, a nationwide population-based survey of the mortality of stroke and its subtypes is lacking for this country. Methods: Data derived from the National Epidemiological Survey of Stroke in China, which was a multistage, stratified clustering sampling-designed, cross-sectional survey, were analyzed. Mortality rate analyses were performed for 476,156 participants ≥20 years old from September 1, 2012 to August 31, 2013. Results: Of the 476,156 participants in the investigated population, 364 died of ischemic stroke, 373 of hemorrhagic stroke, and 21 of stroke of undetermined pathological type. The age-standardized mortality rates per 100,000 person-years among those aged ≥20 years were 114.8 for total stroke, 56.5 for ischemic stroke, and 55.8 for hemorrhagic stroke. The age-standardized mortality rates of total stroke, ischemic stroke, and hemorrhagic stroke were all higher in rural areas than those in urban areas. The stroke mortality rate was higher in the northern regions than in the south. An estimated 1.12 million people aged ≥20 years in China died of stroke during the period from September 1, 2012 to August 31, 2013. Conclusions: The burden of stroke in China is still heavy. Greater attention should be paid to improve strategies for preventing stroke.

scholarly journals Trends in prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Zhejiang Province, China, 2016–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Wang ◽  
Ru-Ying Hu ◽  
Wei-Wei Gong ◽  
Jin Pan ◽  
Fang-Rong Fei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Annual Prevalence

Abstract Background Limited population-based studies have investigated the secular trend of prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in mainland China. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of GDM and time trends in Chinese female population. Methods Based on Diabetes Surveillance System of Zhejiang Province, 97,063 diagnosed GDM cases aged 20–50 years were identified from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2018. Annual prevalence, prevalence rate ratios (PRRs) and average annual percentage change with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were reported. Results The age-standardized overall prevalence of GDM was reported to be 7.30% (95% CI 7.27–7.33%); 9.13% (95% CI 9.07–9.19%) in urban areas and 6.24% (95% CI 6.21–6.27%) in rural areas. Compared with 20–24 years age group, women in advanced age groups (25–50 years) were at higher risk for GDM (PRRs ranged from 1.37 to 8.95 and the 95% CIs did not include the null). Compared with rural areas, the risk for GDM was higher in urban areas (PRR: 1.69, 95% CI 1.67–1.72). The standardized annual prevalence increased from 6.02% in 2016 to 7.94% in 2018, with an average annual increase of 5.48%, and grew more rapidly in rural than urban areas (11.28% vs. 0.00%). Conclusions This study suggested a significant increase in the prevalence of GDM among Chinese female population in Zhejiang province during 2016–2018, especially in women characterized by advanced age and rural areas.

Socioeconomic Variation of Multimorbidity in Colombian Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Marcela Ballesteros ◽  
José Moreno-Montoya ◽  
Wilhelmus Johannes Andreas Grooten ◽  
Pedro Barrera-López ◽  
José A. De la Hoz-Valle
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multidimensional Poverty Index

Abstract BackgroundMultimorbidity prevalence in the elderly is increasing worldwide. Variations regarding the socioeconomic characteristics of the individuals and their context have been described, mostly in high-income scenarios. This study aims to assess the magnitude and the socioeconomic factors associated with variations on multimorbidity in Colombia.MethodsA cross-sectional multilevel study with a nationally representative sample of 23 694 Colombian adults aged 60 years and older was conducted. Individual socioeconomic, demographic, childhood and health related characteristics, as well as group level variables (multidimensional poverty index and infectious diseases mortality rate) were analyzed. A two-level stepwise structural equation model was used to simultaneously adjust the individual and contextual effects. ResultsMultimorbidity prevalence was 62.3% (95% CI 61.7–62.9). In the multilevel adjusted models, age, female sex, having functional limitations, non-white ethnicity, high body mass index, higher income, physical inactivity, poverty during childhood and living in urban areas were associated with multimorbidity. The mediation analysis showed that living in rural areas was significantly associated with infectious disease mortality rate and other individual associations with multimorbidity were mediated by the multidimensional poverty variable. ConclusionsThis paper demonstrates a strong association between multimorbidity and poverty in a low-middle income country. Differences in the factors involved in the etiology of multimorbidity are expected among wealthy and poor countries regarding availability and prioritization of health services.

Urban Mental Health (Oxford Cultural Psychiatry series)

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Urban Mental Health ◽  
The Past

The internal migration in countries around the globe as a result of rapid urbanization and related to industrialization as a consequence of globalization has been truly remarkable. The past 50 years have seen a massive rise in the numbers of people moving and creating megapolis in many parts of the world. It is inevitable that with such massive internal migration come stressors such as pollution, lack of space, overcrowding, unemployment, and increased likelihood of infectious diseases, all of which contribute to an increase in psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, such migration can also lead to the splintering of social support and the fraying of social networks, which can further contribute to poor help-seeking and poor therapeutic adherence and poor prognosis. This book highlights challenges in managing mental health and psychiatric disorders in urban areas. The contributors include researchers, clinicians, urban planners, urban designers, and others who are interested in the field. The book will appeal to all mental health professionals, whether they are working in urban areas or rural areas.

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