scholarly journals Effect of Check Dam on Sediment Load Under Vegetation Restoration in the Hekou-Longmen Region of the Yellow River

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyu Zhang ◽  
Junrui Chai ◽  
Zhanbin Li ◽  
Li Chen ◽  
Kunxia Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Check Dam ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Sediment Reduction

With years of vegetation restoration and check dam construction on the Loess Plateau, the sediment load of the middle reaches of the Yellow River have decreased sharply; however, the effects of check dam on this decrease of sediment load with such extensive vegetation restoration remains unclear. In order to further clarify the effects of check dam on sediment load reduction under vegetation restoration, we calculated vegetation coverage and check dam index based on multi-source remote sensing data, and calculated sediment reduction rate caused by human activities by Mann-Kendall statistical test and double cumulative curve, then established regression equations incorporating the check dam index and the sediment reduction rate using data from different geomorphic regions with different vegetation coverages. The results showed that sediment load in the Hekou-Longmen region and its 17 tributaries decreased significantly every year, and the change in sediment load could be divided into 3 typical periods: the base period (P1), the period mainly impacted by check dam construction (P2) and the period with comprehensive impact of check dam construction and vegetation restoration (P3). Compared with sediment load of the tributaries during P1, the sediment load decreased by 60.96% during P2 and by 91.76% during P3. Compared with the contribution of human activities to the reduction in sediment load in P2, the contribution of human activities in P3 increased significantly, while that of precipitation decreased slightly. The sediment reduction effect of check dams is greater in basins with low vegetation coverage than in basins with high vegetation coverage. There are differences in sediment reduction effect of vegetation restorations in different geomorphic regions, and the effect of vegetation restoration alone have certain upper limits. Such as, the upper limit of sediment reduction rate of vegetation restoration for rivers flowing through the sandstorm region is 47.86%. Hence, only combined the construction of check dam with vegetation restoration can it achieve more significant sediment reduction benefit and control soil erosion more effectively.

scholarly journals Relative Contribution of the Xiaolangdi Dam to Runoff Changes in the Lower Yellow River

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 521
Author(s):  
Qinghe Zhao ◽  
Shengyan Ding ◽  
Xiaoyu Ji ◽  
Zhendong Hong ◽  
Mengwen Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Dam Construction ◽  
Regulated Rivers ◽  
Flood Season ◽  
Abrupt Changes ◽  
Runoff Changes ◽  
Seasonal Runoff

Human activities are increasingly recognized as having a critical influence on hydrological processes under the warming of the climate, particularly for dam-regulated rivers. To ensure the sustainable management of water resources, it is important to evaluate how dam construction may affect surface runoff. In this study, using Mann–Kendall tests, the double mass curve method, and the Budyko-based elasticity method, the effects of climate change and human activities on annual and seasonal runoff were quantified for the Yellow River basin from 1961–2018; additionally, effects on runoff were assessed after the construction of the Xiaolangdi Dam (XLD, started operation in 2001) on the Yellow River. Both annual and seasonal runoff decreased over time (p < 0.01), due to the combined effects of climate change and human activities. Abrupt changes in annual, flood season, and non-flood season runoff occurred in 1986, 1989, and 1986, respectively. However, no abrupt changes were seen after the construction of the XLD. Human activities accounted for much of the reduction in runoff, approximately 75–72% annually, 81–86% for the flood season, and 86–90% for the non-flood season. Climate change approximately accounted for the remainder: 18–25% (annually), 14–19% (flood season), and 10–14% (non-flood season). The XLD construction mitigated runoff increases induced by heightened precipitation and reduced potential evapotranspiration during the post-dam period; the XLD accounted for approximately 52% of the runoff reduction both annually and in the non-flood season, and accounted for approximately −32% of the runoff increase in the flood season. In conclusion, this study provides a basic understanding of how dam construction contributes to runoff changes in the context of climate change; this information will be beneficial for the sustainable management of water resources in regulated rivers.

scholarly journals Impacts of Climate Change and Human Activities on Runoff and Sediment Load of the Xiliugou Basin in the Upper Yellow River

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haifang Yao ◽  
Changxing Shi ◽  
Wenwei Shao ◽  
Jianbin Bai ◽  
Hui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Upper Yellow River ◽  
Using Data

Using data of temperature, wind, precipitation, water discharge, and sediment load, the changes in runoff and sediment load of the Xiliugou basin in the upper Yellow River were investigated and the contributions of climate change and human activities to these changes were quantitatively estimated. Results show that the runoff and sediment load of the stream declined gradually in 1960–2012. According to the abrupt change point detected, the runoff and sediment series were divided into two periods: 1960–1998 and 1999–2012. The reductions of runoff and sediment load in 1999–2012 were found to be related to climate change and human activities, and the latter played a dominant role with a contribution of about 68% and 75%, respectively. The effects of rainfall intensity should be considered to avoid overestimating or underestimating the contributions of rainfall changes to the variations of runoff and sediment load in the semiarid region. An inspection of changes in water discharge and sediment regime indicated that the frequency of discharge between 0 and 5 m3/s increased while that between 5 and 1000 m3/s decreased in 2006–2012. This phenomenon can be attributed principally to the soil and water conservation practices.

Stepwise decreases of the Huanghe (Yellow River) sediment load (1950–2005): Impacts of climate change and human activities

2007 ◽  
Vol 57 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 331-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houjie Wang ◽  
Zuosheng Yang ◽  
Yoshiki Saito ◽  
J. Paul Liu ◽  
Xiaoxia Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
River Sediment ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Yellow River Sediment ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Study on Sediment Reduction Effect by Soil Retaining Dam with Different Storage Capacity Allocation Proportion in Dali River Watershed

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 1462-1467
Author(s):  
Da Chuan Ran ◽  
Wen Yi Yao ◽  
Zhan Bin Li ◽  
Quan Hua Luo
Keyword(s):  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Capacity Allocation ◽  
Storage Allocation ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Flood Season ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
Sediment Reduction

Analysis and study were carried out by means of mathematical statistics on sediment reduction effect by soil retaining dam with different storage capacity allocation proportion in Dali river watershed of the Yellow River. The results indicate that, sediment reduction by large, middle and small soil retaining dam account for 80.1%, 14.6%, 5.3% of the total reduction; the sediment reduction benefit has reached its maximum since 1990s, amounting to 30.2%, with corresponding storage allocation proportion of 1.84:2.37:5.79.Dam and reservoir have obvious influence on the correlation between rainfall and sediment in the river watershed, sediment transport is reduced by 10 million ton corresponding to annual average flood season rainfall of 350mm in the watershed. Within the sediment reduction capability of soil retaining dam, the sediment reduction volume increase with more rainfall in the flood season, having the feature of the more incoming sediment is, the more sediment reduction will be.

scholarly journals The variation and attribution analysis of the runoff and sediment in the lower reach of the Yellow River during the past 60 years

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongxiang Wang ◽  
Jinghang Liu ◽  
Wenxian Guo
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Sediment Load ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Annual Runoff ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
The Yellow River ◽  
Lower Reach ◽  
Lower Yellow River ◽  
The Lower Yellow River ◽  
Water And Sediment

Abstract The water and sediment regimes of the Yellow River are the basis of decision-making of major projects of the Yellow River. Based on the water and sediment data at the Huayuankou station, Gaocun station, Aishan station, Lijin station in the lower reach of the Yellow River, the Mann-Kendall test, the T-test for differences, wavelet analysis, slope change ratio method and the double cumulative curve method were applied to analyze the runoff and sediment regimes alteration. The results show that the water and sediment of the lower Yellow River have a significant downward trend, and the annual sediment decreases significantly compared with the annual runoff. The annual runoff and sediment of the four hydrological stations changed around the 1980 and 1990s, respectively. The water and sediment of hydrological stations have periodic variations on multiple time scales, but the variation scales are different. Precipitation, human activities and other factors lead to the decrease trend of water and sediment in the lower Yellow River, and their contribution rates to the change of water and sediment are also different. Precipitation contributed 0.15%–8.71% and 0.06%–22.32% to the reduction of runoff and sediment load at hydrological stations, while human activities contributed 91.29%–99.85% and 77.68%–102.21% to the reduction of runoff and sediment load, respectively. Human activity is the main factor of runoff and sediment reduction.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Responses of Evapotranspiration and Its Components to Vegetation Restoration and Climate Change on the Loess Plateau of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2358
Author(s):  
Linjing Qiu ◽  
Yiping Wu ◽  
Zhaoyang Shi ◽  
Yuting Chen ◽  
Fubo Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Vegetation Restoration ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Ecological Planning ◽  
The Loess Plateau ◽  
Canopy Interception ◽  
Community Land Model ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trends

Quantitatively identifying the influences of vegetation restoration (VR) on water resources is crucial to ecological planning. Although vegetation coverage has improved on the Loess Plateau (LP) of China since the implementation of VR policy, the way vegetation dynamics influences regional evapotranspiration (ET) remains controversial. In this study, we first investigate long-term spatiotemporal trends of total ET (TET) components, including ground evaporation (GE) and canopy ET (CET, sum of canopy interception and canopy transpiration) based on the GLEAM-ET dataset. The ET changes are attributed to VR on the LP from 2000 to 2015 and these results are quantitatively evaluated here using the Community Land Model (CLM). Finally, the relative contributions of VR and climate change to ET are identified by combining climate scenarios and VR scenarios. The results show that the positive effect of VR on CET is offset by the negative effect of VR on GE, which results in a weak variation in TET at an annual scale and an increased TET is only shown in summer. Regardless of the representative concentration pathway (RCP4.5 or RCP8.5), differences resulted from the responses of TET to different vegetation conditions ranging from −3.7 to −1.2 mm, while climate change from RCP4.5 to RCP8.5 caused an increase in TET ranging from 0.1 to 65.3 mm. These findings imply that climate change might play a dominant role in ET variability on the LP, and this work emphasizes the importance of comprehensively considering the interactions among climate factors to assess the relative contributions of VR and climate change to ET.

scholarly journals Effects of water and soil conservation works on runoff and sediment variation in the areas with high and coarse sediment yield of the middle Yellow River

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 01033
Author(s):  
Wei Ying Sun ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Jiang Nan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Yield ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Soil Conservation ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Soil And Water Conservation ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Rainfall Variation ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
Soil And Water

The areas with high and coarse sediment yield of the middle Yellow River is well known for its severe erosion, high sediment yields. Since 1982 when the 8 key soil and water conservation harnessing regions has been built, the ecological environment has been gradually improved and the amount of sediment and runoff entering the Yellow River has been reduced continuously. Some researchers considered that it was owing to the water and soil conservation works (WSCW), while others believed that it was caused by the rainfall variation, but this has not been quantified for the effect respectively. This paper deals with the effects of WSCW on runoff and sediment variation. The study has been carried out in the Sanchuanhe River watershed, where was listed as one of the 8 key soil and water conservation harnessing regions. The results show that the contribution rate of human activities was 80.2% after 1st harnessing stage (1970-1979), 43.0% after 2nd harnessing stage (1980-1989), in 3rd harnessing stage (1990-1996) it reached 98.4%, and was 44.8% after 4th harnessing stage (1997-2006). With regard to the influence on runoff reduction in the watershed, the contribution rate of human activities was 62.5% compared with the natural factors after 1st harnessing stage (1970-1979), 28.4% after 2nd harnessing stage (1980-1989), in 3rd harnessing stage (1990-1996) it reached 69.6%, and was 37.0% after 4th harnessing stage (1997-2006). The results revealed that human activities exerted the largest effects on the sediment reduction and explained 66.6% of the variation in the specific sediment yield. This study suggests that a combination of human activities and rainfall variation effectively reduces runoff and sediment delivery of the Loess Plateau. Generally The runoff reduction and contribution of rainfall variation to runoff reduction in this area were as large as human activities. After many years' harnessing the great benefit have been obtained in water and soil loss control in this watershed.

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