scholarly journals Whence Came These Plants Most Foul? Phylogenomics and Biogeography of Lowiaceae (Zingiberales)

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matti A. Niissalo ◽  
Elliot M. Gardner ◽  
Gillian S. Khew ◽  
Otakar Šída ◽  
Axel Dalberg Poulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family

Lowiaceae (order Zingiberales) is a small family of forest herbs in Southeast Asia. All species belong to the genus Orchidantha. They are known for possessing orchid-like flowers that are smelly, apparently mimicking dead animals, feces, or mushrooms. Little is known of the biogeographic patterns or character evolution of the family. We sampled the family extensively, including many recently discovered species, and reconstructed the phylogeny of the family using HybSeq with Lowiaceae-specific RNA baits. Our phylogenetic reconstructions confirm that the family is most closely related to Strelitziaceae, and that species with dark, foul-smelling flowers form a grade in which a clade of species with paler flowers are embedded. The pale-flowered species produce a distinct odor, resembling edible mushrooms. Apart from a single species, the species from Borneo form a clade, and the same is true for Indochinese species. The remaining species form a more widespread clade. A biogeographic analysis shows that the distribution of Lowiaceae can explained by vicariance and gradual dispersal from a shared ancestral range of Borneo and Indochina. There is no evidence of long-distance dispersal, only a later extension in distribution to Peninsular Malaysia which coincides with the presence of a land bridge. Different directions of spread are possible, but none require long-distance dispersal. The results are consistent with the geological history of Southeast Asia. In particular, the relatively early isolation between Indochina and Borneo could be explained by the presence of a sea barrier that developed 10–15 MYA, and the continuous movement of plant species between Borneo and Peninsular Malaysia could be explained by a land bridge that existed until c. 5 MYA. The lack of an extensive land bridge with a suitable habitat may explain the absence of this genus from Sumatra and other Indonesian islands aside from Borneo. The strict reliance on a continuous habitat for the range expansion of Lowiaceae can be explained by their fruits and seeds, which lack obvious adaptations for long-distance dispersal. The inability to disperse to new areas may also explain why the extant species have very restricted distributions.

First freshwater gastropod preserved in amber suggests long-distance dispersal during the Cretaceous Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Tingting Yu ◽  
Thomas A. Neubauer ◽  
Adrienne Jochum
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Freshwater Snail ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Burmese Amber ◽  
Freshwater Gastropod ◽  
The Family ◽  
Cretaceous Period ◽  
Globally Distributed

Abstract Burmese amber continues to provide unique insights into the terrestrial biota inhabiting tropical equatorial forests during mid-Cretaceous time. In contrast to the large amount and great diversity of terrestrial species retrieved so far, aquatic biota constitute rare inclusions. Here we describe the first freshwater snail ever preserved in amber. The new species Galba prima sp. nov. belongs in the family Lymnaeidae, today a diverse and near globally distributed family. Its inclusion in terrestrial amber is probably a result of the amphibious lifestyle typical of modern representatives of the genus. The finding of a freshwater snail on the Burma Terrane, back then an island situated at some 1500 km from mainland Asia, has implications for the dispersal mechanisms of Mesozoic lymnaeids. The Cenomanian species precedes the evolution of waterfowl, which are today considered a main vector for long-distance dispersal. In their absence, we discuss several hypotheses to explain the disjunct occurrence of the new species.

scholarly journals Global biogeographic patterns in bipolar moss species

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 170147 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Biersma ◽  
J. A. Jackson ◽  
J. Hyvönen ◽  
S. Koskinen ◽  
K. Linse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Biogeographic Pattern ◽  
The Antarctic

A bipolar disjunction is an extreme, yet common, biogeographic pattern in non-vascular plants, yet its underlying mechanisms (vicariance or long-distance dispersal), origin and timing remain poorly understood. Here, combining a large-scale population dataset and multiple dating analyses, we examine the biogeography of four bipolar Polytrichales mosses, common to the Holarctic (temperate and polar Northern Hemisphere regions) and the Antarctic region (Antarctic, sub-Antarctic, southern South America) and other Southern Hemisphere (SH) regions. Our data reveal contrasting patterns, for three species were of Holarctic origin, with subsequent dispersal to the SH, while one, currently a particularly common species in the Holarctic ( Polytrichum juniperinum ), diversified in the Antarctic region and from here colonized both the Holarctic and other SH regions. Our findings suggest long-distance dispersal as the driver of bipolar disjunctions. We find such inter-hemispheric dispersals are rare, occurring on multi-million-year timescales. High-altitude tropical populations did not act as trans-equatorial ‘stepping-stones’, but rather were derived from later dispersal events. All arrivals to the Antarctic region occurred well before the Last Glacial Maximum and previous glaciations, suggesting that, despite the harsh climate during these past glacial maxima, plants have had a much longer presence in this southern region than previously thought.

scholarly journals A fully resolved backbone phylogeny reveals numerous dispersals and explosive diversifications throughout the history of Asteraceae

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (28) ◽  
pp. 14083-14088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Mandel ◽  
Rebecca B. Dikow ◽  
Carolina M. Siniscalchi ◽  
Ramhari Thapa ◽  
Linda E. Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eocene ◽  
Range Shift ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Migration Routes ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
History Of ◽  
Flowering Plant Species ◽  
Patterns And Processes

The sunflower family, Asteraceae, comprises 10% of all flowering plant species and displays an incredible diversity of form. Asteraceae are clearly monophyletic, yet resolving phylogenetic relationships within the family has proven difficult, hindering our ability to understand its origin and diversification. Recent molecular clock dating has suggested a Cretaceous origin, but the lack of deep sampling of many genes and representative taxa from across the family has impeded the resolution of migration routes and diversifications that led to its global distribution and tremendous diversity. Here we use genomic data from 256 terminals to estimate evolutionary relationships, timing of diversification(s), and biogeographic patterns. Our study places the origin of Asteraceae at ∼83 MYA in the late Cretaceous and reveals that the family underwent a series of explosive radiations during the Eocene which were accompanied by accelerations in diversification rates. The lineages that gave rise to nearly 95% of extant species originated and began diversifying during the middle Eocene, coincident with the ensuing marked cooling during this period. Phylogenetic and biogeographic analyses support a South American origin of the family with subsequent dispersals into North America and then to Asia and Africa, later followed by multiple worldwide dispersals in many directions. The rapid mid-Eocene diversification is aligned with the biogeographic range shift to Africa where many of the modern-day tribes appear to have originated. Our robust phylogeny provides a framework for future studies aimed at understanding the role of the macroevolutionary patterns and processes that generated the enormous species diversity of Asteraceae.

scholarly journals Hawkmoth Pollination Facilitates Long-distance Pollen Dispersal and Reduces Isolation Across a Gradient of Land-use Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krissa A. Skogen ◽  
Rick P. Overson ◽  
Evan T. Hilpman ◽  
Jeremie B. Fant
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Habitat Fragmentation ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Effective Population ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure

Land-use change is among the top drivers of global biodiversity loss, which impacts the arrangement and distribution of suitable habitat for species. Population-level effects include increased isolation, decreased population size, and changes to mutualistic and antagonistic interactions. However, the extent to which species are impacted is determined by life history characteristics including dispersal. In plants, mating dynamics can be changed in ways that can negatively impact population persistence if dispersal of pollen and/or seed is disrupted. Long-distance dispersal has the potential to buffer species from the negative impacts of land-use change. Biotic vectors of long-distance dispersal have been less frequently studied, though specific taxa are known to travel great distances. Here, we describe population genetic diversity and structure in a sphingophilous species that is experiencing habitat fragmentation through land-use change, Oenothera harringtonii W. L. Wagner, Stockh. & W. M. Klein (Onagraceae). We use 12 nuclear and four plastid microsatellite markers and show that pollen dispersal by hawkmoths drives high gene flow and low population differentiation despite a range-wide gradient of land-use change and habitat fragmentation. By separating the contributions of pollen and seed dispersal to gene flow, we show that most of the genetic parameters are driven by hawkmoth-facilitated long-distance pollen dispersal, but populations with small, effective population sizes experience higher levels of relatedness and inbreeding. We discuss considerations for conservation efforts for this and other species that are pollinated by long-distance dispersers.

Dispersal of fig pollinators in Asian tropical rain forests

2006 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-639 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhett D. Harrison ◽  
Jean-Yves Rasplus
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Tropical Rain Forests ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variation ◽  
Flight Behaviour ◽  
Species Overlap ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Fig pollinators (Agaonidae, Chalcioidea) lay their eggs in fig inflorescences (Ficus, Moraceae). Reproductive success for both partners is thus largely dependent on the dispersal of these tiny wasps. Some are known to cover substantial distances (> 10 km) using wind above the canopy. However, fig ecology is extremely varied, and hence one might also expect a diversity of pollinator dispersal strategies. We studied fig pollinator dispersal in Sarawak (2001 and 2004) and Peninsular Malaysia (2003). The results indicate substantial differences in dispersal ecology between the pollinators of monoecious and dioecious figs. Monoecious-fig pollinators were common, and species composition and rank abundances were similar between years despite short sampling periods. Substantial temporal and spatial variation in their production is thus smoothed out by long-distance dispersal. Some species whose hosts do not occur at our Sarawak site and are rare throughout Borneo were caught, suggesting exceptionally long-distance dispersal in these species. Conversely, few dioecious-fig pollinators were caught and species overlap between years was low. Dispersal range in many dioecious-fig pollinators may be more restricted. At a finer scale, among genera pollinating monoecious figs we found marked differences in flight behaviour (height and time-of-dispersal). We relate these findings to the ecology of their hosts, and discuss the implications for fig–fig-pollinator coevolution.

Centers of origin revisited

Paleobiology ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Earl D. McCoy ◽  
Kenneth L. Heck
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Recent Contribution ◽  
Center Of Origin ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Do So

Historical biogeographers are divided over the major process whereby extant species, or their ancestors, arrived in their present geographical locations. One faction promotes the idea of discrete “centers” of evolutionary radiation, from which species have been supplied to other areas by long-distance dispersal. A second faction advances the notion of widespread ancestral biotas, which have been fractionated into descendant biotas over time (vicariance). A seemingly endless polemic has elevated these rather simple alternatives to causes célèbres, and many workers have responded by dismissing virtually the entire vicariance literature (see Pielou 1981). We believe that the important distinction between vicariance and center-of-origin/long-distance-dispersal can be made clear to those interested in questions of paleobiogeography. In our opinion, the recent contribution by Briggs (1981) in this journal did not do so, and we now take the opportunity to try.

Phylogeny and Biogeography of Acaena (Rosaceae) and its Relatives: Evidence of Multiple Long-Distance Dispersal Events Across the Globe

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 998-1010
Author(s):  
Javier Jauregui-Lazo ◽  
Daniel Potter
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Disjunct Distribution ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Biogeographic Patterns ◽  
Dispersal Events

Abstract— Acaena (Rosaceae) is the most complex and ecologically variable genus in Sanguisorbinae. Although it has been the subject of several taxonomic treatments, the largest phylogenetic analysis to date only sampled a small fraction of the total global diversity (five to seven out of 45 to 50 species). This study included most of the species to elucidate the phylogenetic relationships of Acaena and biogeographic patterns in Sanguisorbinae. Phylogenetic analyses of non-coding nuclear (ITS region) and chloroplast (trnL-F) DNA sequence markers using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses suggested that Acaena is a paraphyletic group with species of Margyricarpus and Tetraglochin nested within it. We identified strong support for eight subclades that are geographically or taxonomically structured. Nevertheless, the species-level relationships within subclades are still uncertain, which may be due to rapid diversification and lack of informative characters in the markers used. Sanguisorbinae, a primarily Southern Hemisphere clade, exhibits a classic Gondwana disjunct distribution. This current distribution is explained primarily by eight long-distance dispersal events. Our results suggested that Sanguisorbinae split into Cliffortia and Acaena around 13.6 mya. While Cliffortia diversified in southern South Africa, Acaena experienced several migration events in the Southern Hemisphere. Our estimation of the ancestral range suggested that Acaena likely originated in South Africa, followed by migration and subsequent diversification into southern South America. From there, the genus migrated to New Zealand, throughout the Andes, and to tropical areas in Central America, reaching as far north as California. Chile and New Zealand are the main sources of propagules for dispersal as well as the greatest diversity for the genus. The evolutionary relationships of species in Acaena combine a history of rapid diversifications, long-distance dispersals, and genetic variation within some taxa. Further research should be undertaken to clarify the infraspecific classification of A. magellanica.

scholarly journals Genetic structure and long-distance dispersal in populations of the wingless pest springtail, Sminthurus viridis (Collembola: Sminthuridae)

2011 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN M. K. ROBERTS ◽  
ANDREW R. WEEKS
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Cytochrome Oxidase ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance

SummaryThe lucerne flea, Sminthurus viridis (Collembola: Sminthuridae) (L.) is a major pest of broadacre agriculture across southern Australia. Few molecular studies have been conducted on S. viridis and none have examined its population genetics, despite the importance for developing effective control strategies. Here, we characterize the genetic structure of Australian populations using three allozyme and eight microsatellite loci, as well as sequencing a fragment of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I gene. We found that S. viridis in Australia are diploid, sexually reproducing and exhibit significant population structure as a result of limited gene flow. Despite significant differentiation between populations, there was very low cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence variation, indicating the presence of a single species in Australia. The observed structure only marginally complied with an ‘isolation by distance’ model with human-mediated long-distance dispersal likely occurring. Allozymes and microsatellites gave very similar FST estimates, although differences found for novel alternative estimates of differentiation suggest that the allozymes did not capture the full extent of the population structure. These results highlight that control strategies may need to vary for locally adapted S. viridis populations and strategies aimed at limiting the spread of any future pesticide resistance will need to manage the effects of human-mediated dispersal.

Land flora. Geography of the flowering plants

1969 ◽  
Vol 255 (800) ◽  
pp. 549-566 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
The Past ◽  
Neighbouring Island ◽  
The Tropics

The phanerogam flora of the Solomon Islands resembles that of Malesia, but has fewer families, genera and species. A number of lines of evidence indicate that it is not a recent, immigrant flora, and has not arrived by long-distance dispersal. The implication to be drawn from phanerogam distributions in Melanesia is that there have been stronger land connexions within the region and with Malesia in the past. The poverty of the Solomons flora is partly explicable by incomplete immigration from Malesia. There is also evidence for chance extinctions within the Group such as could follow from the continually changing land-sea boundaries. In its present form with a uniform flora with few local endemics, yet disjunctions to neighbouring island groups, the archipelago may well represent a ‘land-bridge’. Surprisingly there is no evidence of extensive species radiation in the Solomons despite gross geological viscissitudes; this is contrary to expectations based on temperate floras and suggests that flowering plant evolution in the tropics may be very slow. Further knowledge of the dates of land-sea changes in Melanesia should allow a time-scale to be set on the evolution of individual species.

Land bridge and long-distance dispersal—Old views, new evidence

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1030-1038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhekun Zhou ◽  
Xuefei Yang ◽  
Qingsong Yang
Keyword(s):  
Long Distance Dispersal ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Land Bridge ◽  
New Evidence
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