scholarly journals Long Non-coding RNA: An Emerging Contributor and Potential Therapeutic Target in Renal Fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiping Xia ◽  
Yao He ◽  
Yu Gan ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Guoyu Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Fibrosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Major Type ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Renal fibrosis (RF) is a pathological process that culminates in terminal renal failure in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fibrosis contributes to progressive and irreversible decline in renal function. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in RF are complex and remain poorly understood. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a major type of non-coding RNAs, which significantly affect various disease processes, cellular homeostasis, and development through multiple mechanisms. Recent investigations have implicated aberrantly expressed lncRNA in RF development and progression, suggesting that lncRNAs play a crucial role in determining the clinical manifestation of RF. In this review, we comprehensively evaluated the recently published articles on lncRNAs in RF, discussed the potential application of lncRNAs as diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers, proposed therapeutic targets for treating RF-associated diseases and subsequent CKD transition, and highlight future research directions in the context of the role of lncRNAs in the development and treatment of RF.

scholarly journals Emerging role of a novel small non-coding regulatory RNA: tRNA-derived small RNA

ExRNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Jin ◽  
Zhigang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulatory Rna ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Abstract The discovery of small non-coding RNAs, such as miRNA and piRNA, has dramatically changed our understanding of the role RNA plays in organisms. Recent studies show that a novel small non-coding RNA generated from cleavage of tRNA or pre-tRNA, called tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA), serves as a new regulator of gene expression. tsRNA has been determined participate in regulating some specific physiological and pathological processes. Although knowledge regarding the biological roles of miRNA and piRNA is expanding, whether tsRNAs play similar roles remains poorly understood. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of action and biological functions of tsRNAs in intracellular, extracellular and intergenerational inheritance, and highlight the potential application of tsRNAs in human diseases, and present the current problems and future research directions.

Expression of long non-coding RNAs ROR and MALAT1 in uterine fibroids

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
S.A. Levakov ◽  
◽  
G.Ya. Azadova ◽  
A.E. Mamedova ◽  
Kh.R. Movtaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Objective. To study the expression level of long non-coding RNAs ROR and MALAT1 in tissue samples of uterine fibroids. Patients and methods. Samples of myomatous nodes and tissues of normal myometrium in 28 women of reproductive age were examined. The analysis of the expression of long non-coding RNAs was carried out using a real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with specific primers. Results. There was a significant decrease in the expression level of long non-coding RNA ROR and an increase in the MALAT1 expression in tissue samples of uterine fibroids relative to the control group. Conclusion. The results obtained demonstrate a possible role of long non-coding RNAs in the development of uterine fibroids and correlate with the data which we obtained for patients with endometriosis. Detecting the expression level of long non-coding RNAs can improve the existing methods for diagnosing this disease. However, further research is required to determine the clinical significance of MALAT1 and ROR, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of these RNAs in uterine fibroid cells. Key words: long non-coding RNAs, uterine fibroids, myomectomy, lncROR, MALAT1

scholarly journals Role of Long Non-Coding RNA Polymorphisms in Cancer Chemotherapeutic Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 513
Author(s):  
Zheng Zhang ◽  
Meng Gu ◽  
Zhongze Gu ◽  
Yan-Ru Lou
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Response ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Response To Chemotherapy ◽  
Personalized Oncology ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Genetic polymorphisms are defined as the presence of two or more different alleles in the same locus, with a frequency higher than 1% in the population. Since the discovery of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which refer to a non-coding RNA with a length of more than 200 nucleotides, their biological roles have been increasingly revealed in recent years. They regulate many cellular processes, from pluripotency to cancer. Interestingly, abnormal expression or dysfunction of lncRNAs is closely related to the occurrence of human diseases, including cancer and degenerative neurological diseases. Particularly, their polymorphisms have been found to be associated with altered drug response and/or drug toxicity in cancer treatment. However, molecular mechanisms are not yet fully elucidated, which are expected to be discovered by detailed studies of RNA–protein, RNA–DNA, and RNA–lipid interactions. In conclusion, lncRNAs polymorphisms may become biomarkers for predicting the response to chemotherapy in cancer patients. Here we review and discuss how gene polymorphisms of lncRNAs affect cancer chemotherapeutic response. This knowledge may pave the way to personalized oncology treatments.

The role of heredity in cancer.

1989 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
E G Levine ◽  
R A King ◽  
C D Bloomfield
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Familial Cancer ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Environmental Interactions ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
A Minor

Heredity is generally felt to play a minor role in the development of cancer. This review critically examines this assumption. Topics discussed include evidence for heritable predisposition in animals and humans; the potential importance of genetic-environmental interactions; approaches that are being used to successfully locate genes responsible for heritable predisposition; comparability of genetic findings among heritable and corresponding sporadic malignancies; and future research directions. Breast, colon, and lung cancer are used to exemplify clinical and research activity in familial cancer; clinical phenotypes, segregation and linkage analyses, models for environmental interactions with inherited traits, and molecular mechanisms of tumor development are discussed. We conclude that the contribution of heredity to the cancer burden is greater than generally accepted, and that study of heritable predisposition will continue to reveal carcinogenic mechanisms important to the development of all cancers.

ADAMTS9-AS2: A functional long non-coding RNA in tumorigenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Xu ◽  
Bei Wang ◽  
Yuxuan Cai ◽  
Jinlan Chen ◽  
Xing Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Migration Inhibition ◽  
Cancer Proliferation ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Background: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have been identified as novel molecular regulators in cancers. LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 can mediate the occurrence and development of cancer through various ways such as regulating miRNAs, activating the classical signaling pathways in cancer, and so on, which have been studied by many scholars. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of ADAMTS9-AS2 in different human cancers. Methods: Through a systematic search of PubMed, lncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 mediated molecular mechanisms in cancer are summarized inductively. Results: ADAMTS9-AS2 aberrantly expression in different cancers is closely related to cancer proliferation, invasion, migration, inhibition of apoptosis. The involvement of ADAMTS9-AS2 in DNA methylation, mediating PI3K / Akt / mTOR signaling pathways, regulating miRNAs and proteins, and such shows its significant potential as a therapeutic cancer target. Conclusion: LncRNA ADAMTS9-AS2 can become a promising biomolecular marker and a therapeutic target for human cancer.

scholarly journals Long Non-coding RNA XIST Attenuates Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy by Inducing Autophagy Through MicroRNA-30d-5p/sirtuin1 Axis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bei-Yan Liu ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Li-Wei Bai ◽  
Chang-Shui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Beclin 1 ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a prevalent diabetes mellitus (Feldman et al., 2017) complication and the primary reason for amputation. Meanwhile, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of regulatory non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that broadly participate in DPN development. However, the correlation of lncRNA X-inactive specific transcript (XIST) with DPN remains unclear. In this study, we were interested in the role of XIST in the modulation of DPN progression. Significantly, our data showed that the expression of XIST and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) was inhibited, and the expression of microRNA-30d-5p (miR-30d-5p) was enhanced in the trigeminal sensory neurons of the diabetic mice compared with the normal mice. The levels of LC3II and Beclin-1 were inhibited in the diabetic mice. The treatment of high glucose (HG) reduced the XIST expression in Schwann cells. The apoptosis of Schwann cells was enhanced in the HG-treated cells, but the overexpression of XIST could block the effect in the cells. Moreover, the levels of LC3II and Beclin-1 were reduced in the HG-treated Schwann cells, while the overexpression of XIST was able to reverse this effect. The HG treatment promoted the production of oxidative stress, while the XIST overexpression could attenuate this result in the Schwann cells. Mechanically, XIST was able to sponge miR-30d-5p and miR-30d-5p-targeted SIRT1 in the Schwann cells. MiR-30d-5p inhibited autophagy and promoted oxidative stress in the HG-treated Schwann cells, and SIRT1 presented a reversed effect. MiR-30d-5p mimic or SIRT1 depletion could reverse XIST overexpression-mediated apoptosis and autophagy of the Schwann cells. Thus, we concluded that XIST attenuated DPN by inducing autophagy through miR-30d-5p/SIRT1 axis. XIST and miR-30d-5p may be applied as the potential targets for DPN therapy.

scholarly journals Long non-coding RNA ARAP1-AS1 accelerates cell proliferation and migration in breast cancer through miR-2110/HDAC2/PLIN1 axis

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chong Lu ◽  
Xiuhua Wang ◽  
Xiangwang Zhao ◽  
Yue Xin ◽  
Chunping Liu
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Normal Breast ◽  
Tumor Promoter ◽  
Women Health ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Breast Tissues ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Abstract Breast cancer (BC) poses a great threaten to women health. Numerous evidences suggest the important role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in BC development. In the present study, we intended to investigate the role of ARAP1-AS1 in BC progression. First of all, the GEPIA data suggested that ARAP1-AS1 was highly expressed in breast invasive carcinoma (BRAC) tissues compared with the normal breast tissues. Meanwhile, the expression of ARAP1-AS1 was greatly up-regulated in BC cell lines. ARAP1-AS1 knockdown led to repressed proliferation, strengthened apoptosis and blocked migration of BC cells. Moreover, ARAP1-AS1 could boost HDAC2 expression in BC through sponging miR-2110 via a ceRNA mechanism. Of note, the UCSC predicted that HDAC2 was a potential transcriptional regulator of PLIN1, an identified tumor suppressor in BC progression. Moreover, we explained that the repression of HDAC2 on PLIN1 was owing to its deacetylation on PLIN1 promoter. More importantly, depletion of PLIN1 attenuated the mitigation function of ARAP1-AS1 silence on the malignant phenotypes of BC cells. To sum up, ARAP1-AS1 serves a tumor-promoter in BC development through modulating miR-2110/HDAC2/PLIN1 axis, which may help to develop novel effective targets for BC treatment.

scholarly journals The Long Non-Coding RNA H19 Drives the Proliferation of Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma with H3K27 Mutation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9165
Author(s):  
David Roig-Carles ◽  
Holly Jackson ◽  
Katie F. Loveson ◽  
Alan Mackay ◽  
Rebecca L. Mather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Family ◽  
Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma ◽  
Locked Nucleic Acid ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Pontine Glioma ◽  
Incurable Cancer ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is an incurable paediatric malignancy. Identifying the molecular drivers of DIPG progression is of the utmost importance. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a large family of disease- and tissue-specific transcripts, whose functions have not yet been elucidated in DIPG. Herein, we studied the oncogenic role of the development-associated H19 lncRNA in DIPG. Bioinformatic analyses of clinical datasets were used to measure the expression of H19 lncRNA in paediatric high-grade gliomas (pedHGGs). The expression and sub-cellular location of H19 lncRNA were validated in DIPG cell lines. Locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotides were designed to test the function of H19 in DIPG cells. We found that H19 expression was higher in DIPG vs. normal brain tissue and other pedHGGs. H19 knockdown resulted in decreased cell proliferation and survival in DIPG cells. Mechanistically, H19 buffers let-7 microRNAs, resulting in the up-regulation of oncogenic let-7 target (e.g., SULF2 and OSMR). H19 is the first functionally characterized lncRNA in DIPG and a promising therapeutic candidate for treating this incurable cancer.

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNA (lncRNA) in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Biological Function and Clinical Application

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5944
Author(s):  
Jianfei Tang ◽  
Xiaodan Fang ◽  
Juan Chen ◽  
Haixia Zhang ◽  
Zhangui Tang
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a type of malignancy with high mortality, leading to poor prognosis worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying OSCC carcinogenesis have not been fully understood. Recently, the discovery and characterization of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have revealed their regulatory importance in OSCC. Abnormal expression of lncRNAs has been broadly implicated in the initiation and progress of tumors. In this review, we summarize the functions and molecular mechanisms regarding these lncRNAs in OSCC. In addition, we highlight the crosstalk between lncRNA and tumor microenvironment (TME), and discuss the potential applications of lncRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic tools and therapeutic targets in OSCC. Notably, we also discuss lncRNA-targeted therapeutic techniques including CRISPR-Cas9 as well as immune checkpoint therapies to target lncRNA and the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. Therefore, this review presents the future perspectives of lncRNAs in OSCC therapy, but more research is needed to allow the applications of these findings to the clinic.

scholarly journals Long Non-Coding RNAs as Endogenous Target Mimics and Exploration of Their Role in Low Nutrient Stress Tolerance in Plants

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Borah ◽  
Antara Das ◽  
Matthew Milner ◽  
Arif Ali ◽  
Alison Bentley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Endogenous Target ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Nutrient Homeostasis ◽  
Generation Sequencing

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) research in plants has recently gained momentum taking cues from studies in animals systems. The availability of next-generation sequencing has enabled genome-wide identification of lncRNA in several plant species. Some lncRNAs are inhibitors of microRNA expression and have a function known as target mimicry with the sequestered transcript known as an endogenous target mimic (eTM). The lncRNAs identified to date show diverse mechanisms of gene regulation, most of which remain poorly understood. In this review, we discuss the role of identified putative lncRNAs that may act as eTMs for nutrient-responsive microRNAs (miRNAs) in plants. If functionally validated, these putative lncRNAs would enhance current understanding of the role of lncRNAs in nutrient homeostasis in plants.

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