VaAPRT3 Gene is Associated With Sex Determination in Vitis amurensis

In the past decade, progress has been made in sex determination mechanism in Vitis. However, genes responsible for sexual differentiation and its mechanism in V. amurensis remain unknown. Here, we identify a sex determination candidate gene coding adenine phosphoribosyl transferase 3 (VaAPRT3) in V. amurensis. Cloning and sequencing of the VaAPRT3 gene allowed us to develop a molecular marker able to discriminate female individuals from males or hermaphrodites based on a 22-bp InDel. Gene expression and endogenous cytokinin content analysis revealed that the VaAPRT3 gene is involved in sex determination or, to be precise, in female organ differentiation, through regulating cytokinin metabolism in V. amurensis. This study enlarged the understanding of sex determination mechanism in the genus Vitis, and the sex marker could be used as a helpful tool for sexual identification in breeding programs as well as in investigation and collection of V. amurensis germplasms.

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Use of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Sequence Characterized Amplified Region Marker for Identifying the Sex of the Oxyeleotris marmorata

Pertanika Journal of Tropical Agricultural Science ◽

10.47836/pjtas.44.1.06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Douglas Law ◽

Voon Chun Ping ◽

Tan Chin Yee ◽

Herryawan Ryadi Eziwar Dyari ◽

Maizan Haiji Mohamed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Length Polymorphism ◽

Fragment Length ◽

Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Scar Marker ◽

Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Sequence Characterized Amplified Region ◽

Sex Marker ◽

Daunting Task ◽

Sexual Identification

There is a huge demand for the Oxyeleotris marmorata, especially in Asian markets. However, farmers are unable to provide a constant supply of this fish to meet the demand, which is estimated to be around 100 metric tonnes per annum. One of the reasons that are hindering the supply is the low success rate of O. marmorata breeding programs. These breeding programs rely on many factors for their success, one of which is the use of genuine male and female adults, although determining these could be a daunting task. This research was carried out in an attempt to determine a sex marker for the O. marmorata using the amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) method. Of the 30×30 AFLP primer mixtures screened, the E-TAA and M-CTT primer pair had an amplified ~600 bp marker that was specific to the female. This ~600 bp AFLP marker was later used to design a 464 bp sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. Thus, it has been suggested that the SCAR marker obtained has the potential to be used for the sexual identification of the O. marmorata at the juvenile stage, thereby enabling them to be used in breeding programs.

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The cloning and sequencing of thealcB gene, coding for alcohol dehydrogenase II, inAspergillus nidulans

Current Genetics ◽

10.1007/bf02221575 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 29 (2) ◽

pp. 122-129 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Gary D. Hunter ◽

I. Gwyn Jones ◽

Heather M. Sealy-Lewis

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽

Cloning And Sequencing ◽

Gene Coding

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An Extraordinary Sex Determination Mechanism in a Book Louse

Genetics ◽

10.1534/genetics.117.201236 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 206 (2) ◽

pp. 751-753 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leo W. Beukeboom

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Determination Mechanism

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Key aspects of the primary sex determination mechanism are conserved across the genus Drosophila

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.125.16.3259 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 125 (16) ◽

pp. 3259-3268 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J.W. Erickson ◽

T.W. Cline

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Amino Acid Identity ◽

Bzip Transcription Factor ◽

Regulatory Sequence ◽

Tightly Coupled ◽

Pole Cells ◽

High Level ◽

Key Aspects ◽

Determination Mechanism

In D. melanogaster, a set of ‘X:A numerator genes’, which includes sisterlessA (sisA), determines sex by controlling the transcription of Sex-lethal (Sxl). We characterized sisA from D. pseudoobscura and D. virilis and studied the timing of sisA and Sxl expression with single cell-cycle resolution in D. virilis, both to guide structure-function studies of sisA and to help understand sex determination evolution. We found that D. virilis sisA shares 58% amino acid identity with its melanogaster ortholog. The identities confirm sisA as an atypical bZIP transcription factor. Although virilis sisA can substitute for melanogaster sisA, the protein is not fully functional in a heterologous context. The putative sisA regulatory sequence CAGGTAG is a potential ‘numerator box,’ since it is shared with the other strong X:A numerator gene, sisB, and its target, SxlPe. Temporal and spatial features of sisA and SxlPe expression are strikingly conserved, including rapid onset and cessation of transcription in somatic nuclei, early cessation of sisA transcription in budding pole cells and persistent high-level sisA expression in yolk nuclei. Expression of sisA and Sxl is as tightly coupled in virilis as it is in melanogaster. Taken together, these data indicate that the same primary sex determination mechanism exists throughout the genus Drosophila.

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Cross-sexual Transfer

Developmental Plasticity and Evolution ◽

10.1093/oso/9780195122343.003.0021 ◽

2003 ◽

Author(s):

Mary Jane West-Eberhard

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Sexually Dimorphic ◽

Male And Female ◽

Alternative Phenotypes ◽

Opposite Sex ◽

Critical Age ◽

Sexual Traits ◽

Discrete Traits ◽

Dimorphic Species ◽

Determination Mechanism

Distinctive male and female traits are perhaps the most familiar of all divergent specializations within species. In cross-sexual transfer, discrete traits that are expressed exclusively in one sex in an ancestral species appear in the opposite sex of descendants. An example is the expression of brood care by males in a lineage where ancestral females are the exclusive caretakers of the young, as in some voles (Thomas and Birney, 1979). Despite the prominence of sexual dimorphism and sex reversals in nature, and an early explicit treatment by Darwin, discussed in the next section, cross-sexual transfer is not often recognized as a major factor in the evolution of novelty (but see, on animals, Mayr, 1963, pp. 435-439; Mayr, 1970, p. 254; on plants, Iltis, 1983). When more widely investigated, cross-sexual transfer may prove to rival heterochrony and duplication as an important source of novelties in sexually dimorphic lineages. For this reason, I devote more attention here to cross-sexual transfer than to these other, well-established general patterns of change. The male and female of a sexually dimorphic species may be so different that it is easy to forget that each individual carries most or all of the genes necessary to produce the phenotype of the opposite sex. Sex determination, like caste determination and other switches between alternative phenotypes, depends on only a few genetic loci or, in many species, environmental factors (Bull, 1983). There is considerable flexibility in sex determination and facultative reversal in some taxa. Among fish, for example, there is even a species wherein sex is determined by juvenile size at a critical age (Francis and Barlow, 1993). The sex determination mechanism, whatever its nature, leads to a series of sex-limited responses, often coordinated by hormones and not necessarily all occurring at once. A distinguishing aspect of sexually dimorphic traits in adults is that there is often a close homology between the secondary sexual traits that are differently modified in the two sexes.

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Ⅰ-3. Sex Determination Mechanism in Seriola Fishes

NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI ◽

10.2331/suisan.wa2603-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 188-188

Author(s):

TAKASHI KOYAMA ◽

MASATOSHI NAKAMOTO ◽

KAGAYAKI MORISHIMA ◽

TAKEFUMI YAMASHITA ◽

NAOKI MIZUNO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Determination Mechanism

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Development, progress and future prospects in cryobiotechnology of Lilium spp.

Plant Methods ◽

10.1186/s13007-019-0506-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jing-Wei Li ◽

Xiao-Chen Zhang ◽

Min-Rui Wang ◽

Wen-Lu Bi ◽

M. Faisal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cold Stress ◽

Genetic Resources ◽

Easy Access ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Future Studies ◽

Comprehensive Information ◽

Long Term Preservation ◽

Made In

Abstract Lilium is one of the most popular flower crops worldwide, and some species are also used as vegetables and medicines. The availability of and easy access to diverse Lilium genetic resources are essential for plant genetic improvements. Cryopreservation is currently considered as an ideal means for the long-term preservation of plant germplasm. Over the last two decades, great efforts have been exerted in studies of Lilium cryopreservation and progress has been made in the successful cryopreservation of pollen, seeds and shoot tips in Lilium. Genes that exist in Lilium, including those that regulate flower shape, color and size, and that are resistant to cold stress and diseases caused by fungi and viruses, provide a rich source of valuable genetic resources for breeding programs to create novel cultivars required by the global floriculture and ornamental markets. Successful cryopreservation of Lilium spp. is a way to preserve these valuable genes. The present study provides updated and comprehensive information about the development of techniques that have advanced Lilium cryopreservation. Further ideas are proposed to better direct future studies on Lilium cryobiotechnology.

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Sexual Dimorphism for Coping Styles Complements Traditional Methods for Sex Determination in a Multivariety Endangered Hen Breed

Animals ◽

10.3390/ani9121165 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1165

Author(s):

Carlos Iglesias Pastrana ◽

Francisco Javier Navas González ◽

Carmen Marín Navas ◽

Ander Arando Arbulu ◽

Antonio González Ariza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Coping Styles ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

Sex Distribution ◽

Genetic Management ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Sex Assignment ◽

Population Conservation ◽

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽

Combining Methods

Sex determination is key to designing endangered poultry population conservation and breeding programs when sex distribution departs from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. A total of 112 Utrerana chickens (28 per variety, partridge, black, white, and franciscan) were selected for hatching day sexing. Sex assignation was performed through 10 methods. Three sex assignment criteria comprised criteria found in literature, opposite criteria to that in the literature, and composite criteria combining methods reporting the highest predictive success from the previous ones. This study aims to determine which method combinations may more successfully determine sex across the four varieties of Utrerana endangered hen breed to tailor noninvasive early specific models to determine sex in local chicken populations. Although the explanatory power of the three assignation criteria is equal (75%), assignation criteria 2 resulted to be the most efficient as it correctly assigns males more frequently. Only methods 3 (English method), 5 (general down feathers coloration), 7 (wing fan), and 10 (behavior/coping styles) reported significant differences regardless of the variety, hence, are appropriate for early sexing. Sex confirmation was performed at 1.5 months old. Identifying sex proportions enhances genetic management tasks in endangered populations, complementing more standardized techniques, which may result inefficient given the implicit diversity found in local populations.

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Diagnosi di sesso e morfologia dei nuclei leucocitari: studio in campo normale e patologico

Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae ◽

10.1017/s1120962300026780 ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 8 (S2) ◽

pp. 139-142

Author(s):

G. Sansone

Keyword(s):

Sex Determination ◽

Neonatal Life ◽

Diagnostic Importance ◽

Monozygous Twins ◽

Made In

SUMMARYThe experience of the A. on the « genetical » sex determination (according to the method of Davidson e Smith) is summarized. It is stressed that: a) « drumsticks » in the female newborns are remarkably increased - b) in monozygous twins there is a strict similarity in the number of the « drumsticks » contrary to the cases of dizygous twins.The results obtained in cases of gonadal disgenesis are reported: of 16 patients with somatic female appearance 12 were cromatine-negative. The diagnostic importance of genetical sex determination in suspected cases of « Status Bonnevie-Ullrich » of the infants is outlined, In a reported case the diagnos's was made in the neonatal life.

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