scholarly journals The Combination of Radiotherapy With Immunotherapy and Potential Predictive Biomarkers for Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Meng ◽  
Jianfang Xu ◽  
Ying Ye ◽  
Yingying Wang ◽  
Shilan Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Traditional Treatment ◽  
Lung Cancer Patients ◽  
Effective Treatment Modality ◽  
Tumor Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Control Tumor ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Radiotherapy is an effective local treatment modality of NSCLC. Its capabilities of eliminating tumor cells by inducing double strand DNA (dsDNA) damage and modulating anti-tumor immune response in irradiated and nonirradiated sites have been elucidated. The novel ICIs therapy has brought hope to patients resistant to traditional treatment methods, including radiotherapy. The integration of radiotherapy with immunotherapy has shown improved efficacy to control tumor progression and prolong survival in NSCLC. In this context, biomarkers that help choose the most effective treatment modality for individuals and avoid unnecessary toxicities caused by ineffective treatment are urgently needed. This article summarized the effects of radiation in the tumor immune microenvironment and the mechanisms involved. Outcomes of multiple clinical trials investigating immuno-radiotherapy were also discussed here. Furthermore, we outlined the emerging biomarkers for the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockades and radiation therapy and discussed their predictive value in NSCLC.

Benign Intracranial Lesions - Radiotherapy: An Overview of Treatment Options, Indications and Therapeutic Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-121
Author(s):  
Vasileios Tzikoulis ◽  
Areti Gkantaifi ◽  
Filippo Alongi ◽  
Nikolaos Tsoukalas ◽  
Haytham Hamed Saraireh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Radiation Effects ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Proton Beam Therapy ◽  
Tumor Control ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Effective Treatment Modality ◽  
Intracranial Lesions

Background: Radiation Therapy (RT) is an established treatment option for benign intracranial lesions. The aim of this study is to display an update on the role of RT concerning the most frequent benign brain lesions and tumors. Methods: Published articles about RT and meningiomas, Vestibular Schwannomas (VSs), Pituitary Adenomas (PAs), Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) and craniopharyngiomas were reviewed and extracted data were used. Results: In meningiomas RT is applied as an adjuvant therapy, in case of patientrefusing surgery or in unresectable tumors. The available techniques are External Beam RT (EBRT) and stereotactic ones such as Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS), Fractionated Stereotactic RT (FSRT), Intensity Modulated RT (IMRT) and proton-beam therapy. The same indications are considered in PAs, in which SRS and FSRT achieve excellent tumor control rate (92-100%), acceptable hormone remission rates (>50%) and decreased Adverse Radiation Effects (AREs). Upon tumor growth or neurological deterioration, RT emerges as alone or adjuvant treatment against VSs, with SRS, FSRT, EBRT or protonbeam therapy presenting excellent tumor control growth (>90%), facial nerve (84-100%), trigeminal nerve (74-99%) and hearing (>50%) preservation. SRS poses an effective treatment modality of certain AVMs, demonstrating a 3-year obliteration rate of 80%. Lastly, a combination of microsurgery and RT presents equal local control and 5-year survival rate (>90%) but improved toxicity profile compared to total resection in case of craniopharyngiomas. Conclusion: RT comprises an effective treatment modality of benign brain and intracranial lesions. By minimizing its AREs with optimal use, RT projects as a potent tool against such diseases.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Tumor Immune Microenvironment with Tyramide-Based Multiplex Immunofluorescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-432
Author(s):  
Hidetoshi Mori ◽  
Jennifer Bolen ◽  
Louis Schuetter ◽  
Pierre Massion ◽  
Clifford C. Hoyt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Multispectral Imaging ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Tumor Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Manual Processing ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Immune Profiling

AbstractMultiplex immunofluorescence (mIF) allows simultaneous antibody-based detection of multiple markers with a nuclear counterstain on a single tissue section. Recent studies have demonstrated that mIF is becoming an important tool for immune profiling the tumor microenvironment, further advancing our understanding of the interplay between cancer and the immune system, and identifying predictive biomarkers of response to immunotherapy. Expediting mIF discoveries is leading to improved diagnostic panels, whereas it is important that mIF protocols be standardized to facilitate their transition into clinical use. Manual processing of sections for mIF is time consuming and a potential source of variability across numerous samples. To increase reproducibility and throughput we demonstrate the use of an automated slide stainer for mIF incorporating tyramide signal amplification (TSA). We describe two panels aimed at characterizing the tumor immune microenvironment. Panel 1 included CD3, CD20, CD117, FOXP3, Ki67, pancytokeratins (CK), and DAPI, and Panel 2 included CD3, CD8, CD68, PD-1, PD-L1, CK, and DAPI. Primary antibodies were first tested by standard immunohistochemistry and single-plex IF, then multiplex panels were developed and images were obtained using a Vectra 3.0 multispectral imaging system. Various methods for image analysis (identifying cell types, determining cell densities, characterizing cell-cell associations) are outlined. These mIF protocols will be invaluable tools for immune profiling the tumor microenvironment.

scholarly journals Medical Students’ Knowledge and Perception of Deep Brain Stimulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 238212052198997
Author(s):  
Brian F Saway ◽  
Sanaz Monjazeb ◽  
Kerilyn Godbe ◽  
Tessa Anwyll ◽  
Anita Kablinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Implementation ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Clinical Exposure ◽  
Effective Treatment Modality ◽  
Deep Brain

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a well-established neurosurgical procedure commonly used in movement and psychiatric disorders. Its widespread clinical implementation, however, may not be commensurate with medical education. No current assessment of medical student’s understanding of DBS as a treatment option for indicated conditions is available, potentially threatening the availability of DBS to future patients. The aim of the present study is to explore the current knowledge and attitudes of medical students toward DBS as a treatment modality. Methods: A total of 65 medical students at Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine were surveyed regarding their knowledge of DBS. The survey consisted of a 25-item questionnaire including a demographic section and 3 separate inventories designed to assess bias, knowledge, and self-assessment of knowledge specific to DBS therapy. Students in pre-clinical and clinical years were analyzed separately to describe changes in knowledge or attitude associated with clinical exposure to DBS. Comparisons were analyzed using t tests, ANOVA, and Pearson correlations. Results: Of surveyed students, 36% were unsure of the FDA approval status of DBS treatment; 65% of students believed they had not been adequately educated about DBS and its utility; and 10.6% of students believed that DBS is likely associated with severe adverse effects and/or brain damage. The overall baseline attitudes of students toward DBS were positive. There was no observed difference between surveyed pre-clinical and clinical students, highlighting a lack of exposure throughout the clinical years of medical school education. Conclusion: Although DBS is an effective treatment modality for various conditions, current education is non-commensurate with its application, which can negatively impact awareness and understanding for its implications by medical professionals. In order to better serve patients who may benefit from DBS, medical curricula must change to educate future physicians on the benefit of this intervention.

scholarly journals Combined intracavitary thermotherapy with iron oxide nanoparticles and radiotherapy as local treatment modality in recurrent glioblastoma patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Grauer ◽  
Mohammed Jaber ◽  
Katharina Hess ◽  
Matthias Weckesser ◽  
Wolfram Schwindt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Local Treatment ◽  
Recurrent Glioblastoma ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USAGE TRIACORTUM, CLOTRIMAZOLE AND DOXYCYCLINE FOR CHRONIC APICAL PERIODONTITIS TREATMENT

World Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6(46)) ◽  
pp. 18-21
Author(s):  
Korniichuk O. E.
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Antifungal Agent ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Clinical Judgement ◽  
Doppler Flowmetry ◽  
Effective Treatment Modality

This article represents the work for searching new and effective treatment modality for chronic forms of periodontitis with application of the antibiotic doxycycline, antifungal agent clotrimazole and glucocorticosteroid triacortum.It was made the clinical judgement of treatment of 150 patients with chronic apical periodontitis. It was indicated an improvement of microcirculation in periodontitis tissue by Lazer Doppler flowmetry method by those patients who received therapy using proposed method of treatment and set of medication.

Management of dental fluorosis by amodified treatment strategy amidst a global pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Dr Nileena Mary Cherian ◽  
Dr K. C Ponnappa ◽  
Dr SalinNanjappa ◽  
Dr K. K Nanjamma
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Treatment Modality ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Treatment Scenario ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Effective Treatment Modality ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment

In recent months, the dental treatment scenario has changed due to the outbreak of the Covid 19 pandemic. Most of the aerosol generating procedures have been avoided. This case report, describes a conservative, less aerosol generating and cost-effective treatment modality, for the immediate aesthetic management of moderate fluorosis using enamel microabrasion technique.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document