scholarly journals Immune Evasive Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Variants to COVID-19 Emergency Used Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yandi Zhang ◽  
Jo-Lewis Banga Ndzouboukou ◽  
Mengze Gan ◽  
Xiaosong Lin ◽  
Xionglin Fan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Prototype Strain ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a serious threat to global public health and social and economic development. Various vaccine platforms have been developed rapidly and unprecedentedly, and at least 16 vaccines receive emergency use authorization (EUA). However, the causative pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has continued to evolve and mutate, emerging lots of viral variants. Several variants have successfully become the predominant strains and spread all over the world because of their ability to evade the pre-existing immunity obtained after previous infections with prototype strain or immunizations. Here, we summarized the prevalence and biological structure of these variants and the efficacy of currently used vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2 variants to provide guidance on how to design vaccines more rationally against the variants.

Path of the Operation and Promotion of Market-Based Chinese Martial Arts

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 2350-2353
Author(s):  
Ai Yun Sun ◽  
Xi Yang Ding
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Consumption Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
The World ◽  
Elite Sports

martial arts through the promotion of conditions , difficulties and countermeasures analysis of the system, that China should be based on public health and martial arts fighting two clues to promote athletics , martial arts part of the refining and development of the " elite sports " and select wide popularity part , to promote the realization of the true sense of the public , in order to improve business operations and direction of development to promote social and economic development and to meet the needs of people in sports consumption level . In other words, watching athletics , martial arts fitness and economic integration of the three organic constituted martial arts through the promotion of the premise, but also the power of martial arts to the world .

OBESITY IN SARS-COV-2 INFECTION: LITERATURE REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Donizete Tavares Da Silva ◽  
Priscila De Sousa Barros Lima ◽  
Renato Sampaio Mello Neto ◽  
Gustavo Magalhães Valente ◽  
Débora Dias Cabral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

In March 2020, the World Health Organization (1) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic and a threat to global public health (2). The virus mainly affects the lungs and can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In addition, coronavirus 2 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARSCOV2) also has devastating effects on other important organs, including the circulatory system, brain, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver

scholarly journals Coronavirus Pandemic: a major public health crisis for the developed and developing world

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 366-369
Author(s):  
Rooh Ullah ◽  
Muhammad Suleman Rana ◽  
Mehmood Qadir ◽  
Muhammad Usman ◽  
Niaz Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Day By Day

Pandemic of novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in China is now become global public health crisis. At present 87.64% of the world is infected by this deadly illness. The risk from this epidemic depends on the nature of the virus, including how well it transmits from person to person, and the complications resulting from this current illness. The novel coronavirus has killed thousands of people in China and other countries as well; its rate of mortality is increasing day by day. There is an urgent need to control the virus by developing vaccine or any other antiviral drugs to save the world from this deadly viral infection.

scholarly journals Biomimetic nanovaccines for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 176-182
Author(s):  
Bijay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Vaccine Production ◽  
The World ◽  
Insight Into

The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a serious threat to global public health, calling for the development of safe and effective prophylactics and therapeutics against infection of its causative agent, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Currently, there is no approved vaccines or medications exist to prevent infection by SARS-CoV-2. In this emergency, more than 100 vaccines formulated using conventional approaches are being explored against SARS-CoV-2 across the world. The vaccines formulated using nanotechnology are also on the race of clinical trials. The aim of this article is to provide an insight into the ways of vaccine production by conventional and nanotechnology platforms and expand the understanding on the possibilities and limitations of these approaches for vaccine developments.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan: an update on epidemiological trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Waqar ◽  
Braira Wahid ◽  
Muhammad Idrees ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Zobaria Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Epidemiological Trends ◽  
Genome Center

Abstract The emergence of the pandemic in 2020 is a huge threat to global public health. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first reported in China in December 2019 and later spread to almost all parts of the world in four months and declared as a pandemic in March 2020. SARS-CoV-2 has infected 15.8 million people worldwide while 641,000 died of it. This study aims to report the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in Pakistan. Of total of 635 samples of symptomatic individuals processed at Genome Center for Molecular Based Diagnostics and Research Pakistan, 313 (49.3%) were found SARS-CoV-2 seropositive. The study also confirmed more seroprevalence in elderly patients (>80 years) and children less than 13 years.

scholarly journals The Coronavirus Pandemic: What Does the Evidence Show?

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shishir Paudel ◽  
Ganesh Dangal ◽  
Anisha Chalise ◽  
Tulsi Ram Bhandari ◽  
Ojash Dangal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
The World

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a newly emerged disease that has become a global public health concern as it rapidly spread around the world. The etiologic agent responsible for this disease has been named as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses as it shows similar genomic features to that of SARS-CoV which caused a pandemic in 2002. This disease first appeared in Hubei province of China and it follows human-to-human transmission but the path this virus took to set up human infection remains a mystery. By 17 April 2020, globally there have been 2,074,529 confirmed cases with 139,378 deaths because of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 shows several similarities with SARS?CoV, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) with its clinical presentations. This can vary from asymptomatic infection to severe disease and mortality. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) screening is considered as the standard laboratory test for the diagnosis of COVID-19. There is no proven antiviral agent against SARS-CoV-2 so the treatment for COVID-19 is symptomatic, aiming for the management of the symptoms and prevention of the complications. The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to the implementation of extraordinary public health measures throughout the world. Numerous antiviral compounds used to treat other infections are being clinically researched to find possible treatment. Similarly, the traditional public health outbreak response strategy of isolation, quarantine, social distancing and community containment has been implemented in multiple countries and has played an important role in the prevention of new outbreaks. This review aims to enhance our understanding of COVID 19.Keywords: Coronavirus disease 2019; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; novel coronavirus 2019; severe acute respiratory syndrome-2

scholarly journals An Uncertain Risk: The World Health Organization's Account of H1N1

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudeepa Abeysinghe
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
World Health ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Risk ◽  
Health Organization

ArgumentScientific uncertainty is fundamental to the management of contemporary global risks. In 2009, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the start of the H1N1 Influenza Pandemic. This declaration signified the risk posed by the spread of the H1N1 virus, and in turn precipitated a range of actions by global public health actors. This article analyzes the WHO's public representation of risk and examines the centrality of scientific uncertainty in the case of H1N1. It argues that the WHO's risk narrative reflected the context of scientific uncertainty in which it was working. The WHO argued that it was attempting to remain faithful to the scientific evidence, and the uncertain nature of the threat. However, as a result, the WHO's public risk narrative was neither consistent nor socially robust, leading to the eventual contestation of the WHO's position by other global public health actors, most notably the Council of Europe. This illustrates both the significance of scientific uncertainty in the investigation of risk, and the difficulty for risk managing institutions in effectively acting in the face of this uncertainty.

scholarly journals Four pandemics: lessons learned, lessons lost

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
World Health ◽  
Swine Flu ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The World ◽  
Spanish Flu ◽  
Future Events ◽  
Health Organization

In the past 100 years, the world has faced four distinctly different pandemics: the Spanish flu of 1918-1919, the SARS pandemic of 2003, the H1N1 or “swine flu” pandemic of 2012, and the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Each public health crisis exposed specific systemic shortfalls and provided public health lessons for future events. The Spanish flu revealed a nursing shortage and led to a great appreciation of nursing as a profession. SARS showed the importance of having frontline clinicians be able to work with regulators and those producing guidelines. H1N1 raised questions about the nature of a global organization such as the World Health Organization in terms of the benefits and potential disadvantages of leading the fight against a long-term global public health threat. In the era of COVID-19, it seems apparent that we are learning about both the blessing and curse of social media.

Influencing international policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 348-357
Author(s):  
Tim Lang ◽  
Martin Caraher
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
International Policy ◽  
International Policies ◽  
Health Practitioners ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Practitioners

This chapter will help you understand: the relationships between international policy and policy action at multiple levels; why public health practitioners should build an international dimension into their work; how to influence and advance public health internationally, even through local action. The chapter uses examples from the world of food and health policy (on which the authors work) to illustrate the structures and processes of engagement you may encounter. In the policy worlds of both global public health and food, there is a mix of improvement and threats, inequalities alongside progress, fragmentation, and coherence. Similar trends in the global South and developed countries may have underlying drivers at work, resulting in the double burden of disease. It is preferable to ensure that international policies tackle rather than ignore those determinants.

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