scholarly journals When a Friend Becomes Your Enemy: Natural Killer Cells in Atherosclerosis and Atherosclerosis-Associated Risk Factors

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Palano ◽  
Martina Cucchiara ◽  
Matteo Gallazzi ◽  
Federica Riccio ◽  
Lorenzo Mortara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Natural Killer Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Killer Cells ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
And Function

Atherosclerosis (ATS), the change in structure and function of arteries with associated lesion formation and altered blood flow, is the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, the number one killer worldwide. Beyond dyslipidemia, chronic inflammation, together with aberrant phenotype and function of cells of both the innate and adaptive immune system, are now recognized as relevant contributors to atherosclerosis onset and progression. While the role of macrophages and T cells in atherosclerosis has been addressed in several studies, Natural Killer cells (NKs) represent a poorly explored immune cell type, that deserves attention, due to NKs’ emerging contribution to vascular homeostasis. Furthermore, the possibility to re-polarize the immune system has emerged as a relevant tool to design new therapies, with some succesfull exmples in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Thus, a deeper knowledge of NK cell pathophysiology in the context of atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis-associated risk factors could help developing new preventive and treatment strategies, and decipher the complex scenario/history from “the risk factors for atherosclerosis” Here, we review the current knowledge about NK cell phenotype and activities in atherosclerosis and selected atherosclerosis risk factors, namely type-2 diabetes and obesity, and discuss the related NK-cell oriented environmental signals.

scholarly journals Natural Killer Cells in the Orchestration of Chronic Inflammatory Diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Parisi ◽  
Barbara Bassani ◽  
Marco Tremolati ◽  
Elisabetta Gini ◽  
Giampietro Farronato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
System Response ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Killer Cells ◽  
And Function

Inflammation, altered immune cell phenotype, and functions are key features shared by diverse chronic diseases, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and cancer. Natural killer cells are innate lymphoid cells primarily involved in the immune system response tonon-self-components but their plasticity is largely influenced by the pathological microenvironment. Altered NK phenotype and function have been reported in several pathological conditions, basically related to impaired or enhanced toxicity. Here we reviewed and discussed the role of NKs in selected, different, and “distant” chronic diseases, cancer, diabetes, periodontitis, and atherosclerosis, placing NK cells as crucial orchestrator of these pathologic conditions.

scholarly journals Selection and expansion of natural killer cells for NK cell-based immunotherapy

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra S. A. Becker ◽  
Garnet Suck ◽  
Paulina Nowakowska ◽  
Evelyn Ullrich ◽  
Erhard Seifried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Killer Cells

scholarly journals Human natural killer cells: their origin, receptors and function

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Moretta ◽  
Cristina Bottino ◽  
Daniela Pende ◽  
Maria Cristina Mingari ◽  
Roberto Biassoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Killer Cells ◽  
Human Natural Killer Cells ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals T-BET and EOMES Accelerate and Enhance Functional Differentiation of Human Natural Killer Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Kiekens ◽  
Wouter Van Loocke ◽  
Sylvie Taveirne ◽  
Sigrid Wahlen ◽  
Eva Persyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Cell Maturation ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
And Function

T-bet and Eomes are transcription factors that are known to be important in maturation and function of murine natural killer (NK) cells. Reduced T-BET and EOMES expression results in dysfunctional NK cells and failure to control tumor growth. In contrast to mice, the current knowledge on the role of T-BET and EOMES in human NK cells is rudimentary. Here, we ectopically expressed either T-BET or EOMES in human hematopoietic progenitor cells. Combined transcriptome, chromatin accessibility and protein expression analyses revealed that T-BET or EOMES epigenetically represses hematopoietic stem cell quiescence and non-NK lineage differentiation genes, while activating an NK cell-specific transcriptome and thereby drastically accelerating NK cell differentiation. In this model, the effects of T-BET and EOMES are largely overlapping, yet EOMES shows a superior role in early NK cell maturation and induces faster NK receptor and enhanced CD16 expression. T-BET particularly controls transcription of terminal maturation markers and epigenetically controls strong induction of KIR expression. Finally, NK cells generated upon T-BET or EOMES overexpression display improved functionality, including increased IFN-γ production and killing, and especially EOMES overexpression NK cells have enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Our findings reveal novel insights on the regulatory role of T-BET and EOMES in human NK cell maturation and function, which is essential to further understand human NK cell biology and to optimize adoptive NK cell therapies.

scholarly journals “Multi-Omics” Analyses of the Development and Function of Natural Killer Cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonggang Zhou ◽  
Xiuxiu Xu ◽  
Zhigang Tian ◽  
Haiming Wei
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Killer Cells ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Anti-KIR antibody enhancement of anti-lymphoma activity of natural killer cells as monotherapy and in combination with anti-CD20 antibodies

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 678-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holbrook E. Kohrt ◽  
Ariane Thielens ◽  
Aurelien Marabelle ◽  
Idit Sagiv-Barfi ◽  
Caroline Sola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Killer Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Class I ◽  
Lymphoma Cells ◽  
Killer Cells ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Anti Cd20 ◽  
Cd20 Antibodies

Key Points Blockade of inhibitory KIRs with MHC class I antigens on lymphoma cells by anti-KIR antibodies augments NK-cell spontaneous cytotoxicity. In combination with anti-CD20 mAbs, anti-KIR induces enhanced NK cell–mediated, rituximab-dependent cytotoxicity against lymphoma.

Natural killer cells’ immune response requires a minimal nanoscale distribution of activating antigens

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (30) ◽  
pp. 14651-14659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yossi Keydar ◽  
Guillaume Le Saux ◽  
Ashish Pandey ◽  
Edri Avishay ◽  
Netanel Bar-Hanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Natural Killer Cells ◽  
Natural Killer ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Killer Cells ◽  
Molecular Scale

Minimal spatial arrangement of activating ligands needed for NK cell immune stimulation was revealed using a molecular-scale nanofabricated biochip.

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