scholarly journals Establishment of a Hyperacute Rejection Model of ABO-Incompatible Renal Transplantation in Nonhuman Primates

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junxiang Wang ◽  
Hao Feng ◽  
Chi Zhang ◽  
Shan Zhong ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
...  

The establishment of a hyperacute rejection (HAR) model of ABO-incompatible kidney transplantation (ABOi-KTx) in nonhuman primates is of great significance for the study of the relevant clinical pathophysiological processes and related interventions in ABOi-KTx. In this study, blood group B cynomolgus monkeys were presensitized with synthetic blood group A-antigen conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (A-KLH) to boost circulating anti-A antibody levels. The serum anti-A antibody levels were measured by flow cytometry using type A human reagent red blood cells (RBCs) or monkey primary renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) as target cells. ABOi-KTx was performed in type B monkeys using type A monkeys as donors. After 14 days of A-KLH sensitization, 12 of 16 (75%) type B monkeys had significantly elevated anti-A antibody levels. We found that in order to avoid irregular results in the detection of blood group antibodies by flow cytometry, it was more effective to use RTECs rather than RBCs as target cells. In the absence of presensitization, ABOi-KTx in three monkeys with relatively high levels of natural anti-A antibodies did not produce HAR. However, when four Type B monkeys with significantly increased anti-A antibodies after presensitization were randomly selected as recipients for ABOi-KTx, the allografts in all four monkeys developed HAR with typical pathologic characteristics. Thus, we have successfully established a monkey model of HAR in ABOi-KTx via blood group antigen presensitization, which will be helpful for the further study of rejection, accommodation, and clinical intervention in ABOi-KTx.

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yueshan Feng ◽  
Jiaxing Yu ◽  
Jiankun Xu ◽  
Chuan He ◽  
Lisong Bian ◽  
...  

Background and Purpose: Paravertebral arteriovenous shunts (PVAVSs) are rare. Whether the intradural venous system is involved in drainage may lead to differences in clinical characteristics through specific pathophysiological mechanisms. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the natural history and clinical outcomes of PVAVSs with or without intradural drainage. Methods: Sixty-four consecutive patients with PVAVSs from 2 institutes were retrospectively reviewed. Lesions were classified as type A (n=28) if the intradural veins were involved in drainage; otherwise, they were classified as type B (n=36). The clinical course from initial presentation to the last follow-up was analyzed. Results: The patients with type A shunts were older at presentation (52.5 versus 35.5 years, P <0.0001) and more likely to have lower spinal segments affected than patients with type B PVAVSs (67.8% versus 13.9%, P =0.00006). After presentation, the deterioration rates related to gait and sphincter dysfunction were significantly higher in patients with type A than type B shunts (gait dysfunction: 71.8%/y versus 17.0%/y, P =0.0006; sphincter dysfunction: 63.7%/y versus 11.3%/y, P =0.0002). According to the angiogram at the end of the latest treatment, 79% of type A and 75% of type B PVAVSs were completely obliterated. If the lesions were partially obliterated, a significantly higher clinical deterioration rate was observed in patients with type A shunts than those with type B shunts (69.9%/y versus 3.2%/y, P =0.0253). Conclusions: Type A PVAVSs feature rapid progressive neurological deficits; therefore, early clinical intervention is necessary. For complex lesions that cannot be completely obliterated, surgical disconnection of all refluxed radicular veins is suggested.


Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Spada ◽  
Roberta Perego ◽  
Luciana Baggiani ◽  
Elisabetta Salatino ◽  
Vito Priolo ◽  
...  

The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of A, B and AB blood types and alloantibodies in non-pedigree cats from two regions, one in Northern and one in Southern Italy (Lombardy and Sicily, respectively). A total of 448 samples (52.0% from Northern and 48.0% from Southern Italy) were blood typed. The prevalence of A, B and AB blood types in northern and southern cats were 91.0%, 5.2%, 3.8%, and 77.2%, 12.1% and 10.7%, respectively. The prevalence of type-A blood in southern cats was significantly lower (p = 0.0001) than in northern cats, while type-B and AB blood were significantly higher (p = 0.0085 and p = 0.0051, respectively) in Southern compared to Northern Italian cats. Alloantibodies against type-A blood were found in 94.1% of type-B cats, 11.2% of type-A cats had alloantibodies against type-B blood, while no type-AB cats had alloantibodies with no significant difference between the two Italian populations. Type-AB prevalence in non-pedigree cats in Southern Italy was the highest reported in Europe. Italian type-A cats had the lowest worldwide prevalence of alloantibodies against type-B blood. These results highlight the usefulness of regional studies to report different prevalences in feline blood types and reinforce the importance of blood typing cats before transfusions and mating.


Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 2485-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Andrews ◽  
PS Chavey ◽  
JE Smith ◽  
L Rich

Abstract Blood group incompatibility causes transfusion reactions and neonatal isoerythrolysis in cats. We investigated the molecular nature of the blood group antigens from cats that had blood type A, B, and AB erythrocytes. Naturally occurring anti-type B antibodies, Triticum vulgaris lectin, monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 32–27, and MoAb R-24 were used in agglutination tests, Western blots, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) enzyme immunostaining. Type A erythrocytes had NeuGc-NeuGc-Galactose-Glucose-Ceramide ([NeuGc]2GD3) where NeuGc represents N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and NeuAc-NeuGc-GD3, where NeuAc represents N-acetylneuraminic acid, and may have [NeuGc]2 disialylparagloboside and NeuAc-NeuGc-disialylparagloboside. Type B erythrocytes only had [NeuAc]2GD3. Type AB erythrocytes had [NeuGc]2GD3, NeuAc-NeuGc-GD3, and [NeuAc]2GD3. Blood group antigens were also found on a 50-Kd membrane protein. We conclude that type B erythrocytes are characterized by [NeuAc]2GD3 as the only form of this ganglioside and the presence of NeuAc on a 50-Kd membrane protein. NeuGc is the major determinant of the A antigen; specifically, [NeuGc]2GD3 is the major glycolipid form. The A antigen is also present on a 50-Kd membrane protein.


2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nóra Bagdi ◽  
Melinda Magdus ◽  
E. Leidinger ◽  
Judith Leidinger ◽  
K. Vörös

Feline blood group determination is done as a routine diagnostic method in numerous countries. Blood transfusion reactions and feline neonatal isoerythrolysis (FNI) can be avoided with the identification of different feline blood groups. The present study is the first investigation in Hungary during which 100 cats have been examined from all over the country. These cats were out of six breeds: European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Persian, Abyssinian, Siamese and British shorthair. In the Hungarian feline population European domestic shorthair are most common but other breeds also occur. European domestic shorthair, Persian mix, Abyssinian, Siamese and British shorthair individuals all belonged to blood type A (100%). Blood type B was found very rarely and only in Persian cats. One-third of the Persian cats were categorised into blood type B, whilst type AB was not found during the study.


Blood ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 2485-2491 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Andrews ◽  
PS Chavey ◽  
JE Smith ◽  
L Rich

Blood group incompatibility causes transfusion reactions and neonatal isoerythrolysis in cats. We investigated the molecular nature of the blood group antigens from cats that had blood type A, B, and AB erythrocytes. Naturally occurring anti-type B antibodies, Triticum vulgaris lectin, monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 32–27, and MoAb R-24 were used in agglutination tests, Western blots, and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) enzyme immunostaining. Type A erythrocytes had NeuGc-NeuGc-Galactose-Glucose-Ceramide ([NeuGc]2GD3) where NeuGc represents N-glycolylneuraminic acid, and NeuAc-NeuGc-GD3, where NeuAc represents N-acetylneuraminic acid, and may have [NeuGc]2 disialylparagloboside and NeuAc-NeuGc-disialylparagloboside. Type B erythrocytes only had [NeuAc]2GD3. Type AB erythrocytes had [NeuGc]2GD3, NeuAc-NeuGc-GD3, and [NeuAc]2GD3. Blood group antigens were also found on a 50-Kd membrane protein. We conclude that type B erythrocytes are characterized by [NeuAc]2GD3 as the only form of this ganglioside and the presence of NeuAc on a 50-Kd membrane protein. NeuGc is the major determinant of the A antigen; specifically, [NeuGc]2GD3 is the major glycolipid form. The A antigen is also present on a 50-Kd membrane protein.


PEDIATRICS ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 952-955
Author(s):  
Randolph Batson ◽  
Robert Sanders

Thirty-seven children from 1 to 15 years of age were immunized with monovalent Asian influenza-virus vaccine containing 200 CCA units per ml. There was a satisfactory homologous antibody response without, however, a concomitant rise in antibody levels to type B and another type A strain. The indications for immunization have been discussed.


Author(s):  
S. Fujinaga ◽  
K. Maruyama ◽  
C.W. Williams ◽  
K. Sekhri ◽  
L. Dmochowski

Yumoto and Dmochowski (Cancer Res.27, 2098 (1967)) reported the presence of mature and immature type C leukemia virus particles in leukemic organs and tissues such as lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, liver, and kidneys of SJL/J strain mice with Hodgki's-like disease or reticulum cell neoplasm (type B). In an attempt to ascertain the possibility that this neoplasia may be of viral origin, experiments with induction and transmission of this neoplasm were carried out using cell-free extracts of leukemic organs from an SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous disease.It has been possible to induce the disease in low-leukemia BALB/c and C3HZB strain mice and serially transfer the neoplasia by cell-free extracts of leukemic organs of these mice. Histological examination revealed the neoplasia to be of either reticulum cell-type A or type B. Serial transfer is now in its fifth passage. In addition leukemic spleen from another SJL/J strain mouse with spontaneous reticulum cell neoplasm (type A) was set up in tissue culture and is now in its 141st serial passage in vitro. Preliminary results indicate that cell-free material of 39th tissue culture passage can reproduce neoplasia in BALB/c mice.


1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (03) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Galli ◽  
Paul Comfurius ◽  
Tiziano Barbui ◽  
Robert F A Zwaal ◽  
Edouard M Bevers

SummaryPlasmas of 16 patients positive for both IgG anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies and lupus anticoagulant (LA) antibodies were subjected to adsorption with liposomes containing cardiolipin. In 5 of these plasmas both the anticardiolipin and the anticoagulant activities were co-sedimented with the liposomes in a dose-dependent manner, whereas in the remaining cases only the anticardiolipin activity could be removed by the liposomes, leaving the anticoagulant activity (LA) in the supernatant plasma. aCL antibodies purified from the first 5 plasmas were defined as aCL-type A, while the term aCL-type B was used for antibodies in the other 11 plasmas, from which 2 were selected for this study.Prolongation of the dRVVT was produced by affinity-purified aCL-type A antibodies in plasma of human as well as animal (bovine, rat and goat) origin. aCL-type B antibodies were found to be devoid of anticoagulant activity, while the corresponding supernatants containing LA IgG produced prolongation of the dRVVT only in human plasma.These anticoagulant activities of aCL-type A and of LA IgG's were subsequently evaluated in human plasma depleted of β2-glycoprotein I (β2-GPI), a protein which was previously shown to be essential in the binding of aCL antibodies to anionic phospholipids. Prolongation of the dRVVT by aCL-type A antibodies was abolished using β2-GPI deficient plasma, but could be restored upon addition of β2-GPI. In contrast, LA IgG caused prolongation of the dRVVT irrespective of the presence or absence of β2-GPI.Since β2-GPI binds to negatively-charged phospholipids and impedes the conversion of prothrombin by the factor Xa/Va enzyme complex (Nimpf et al., Biochim Biophys Acta 1986; 884: 142–9), comparison was made of the effect of aCL-type A and aCL-type B antibodies on the rate of thrombin formation in the presence and absence of β2-GPI. This was measured in a system containing highly purified coagulation factors Xa, Va and prothrombin and lipid vesicles composed of 20 mole% phosphatidylserine and 80 mole% phosphatidylcholine. No inhibition on the rate of thrombin formation was observed with both types of aCL antibodies when either β2-GPI or the lipid vesicles were omitted. Addition of β2-GPI to the prothrombinase assay in the presence of lipid vesicles causes a time-dependent inhibition which was not affected by the presence of aCL-type B or non-specific IgG. In contrast, the presence of aCL-type A antibodies dramatically increased the anticoagulant effect of β2-GPI. These data indicate that the anticoagulant activity of aCL-type A antibodies in plasma is mediated by β2-GPI.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document