scholarly journals Gallic Acid Alleviates Gut Dysfunction and Boosts Immune and Antioxidant Activities in Puppies Under Environmental Stress Based on Microbiome–Metabolomics Analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang Yang ◽  
Xiaolin Deng ◽  
Shiyan Jian ◽  
Meiyu Zhang ◽  
Chaoyu Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Stressful Environment

Early-life exposure to environmental stress disrupts the gut barrier and leads to inflammatory responses and changes in gut microbiota composition. Gallic acid (GA), a natural plant polyphenol, has received significant interest for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties that support the maintenance of intestinal health. To assess whether dietary supplementation of GA alleviates environmental stress, a total of 19 puppies were randomly allocated to the following three dietary treatments for 2 weeks: 1) basal diet (control (CON)); 2) basal diet + transportation (TS); and 3) basal diet with the addition of 500 mg/kg of GA + transportation (TS+GA). After a 1-week supplementation period, puppies in the TS and TS+GA groups were transported from a stressful environment to another livable location, and puppies in the CON group were then left in the stressful environment. Results indicated that GA markedly reduced the diarrhea rate in puppies throughout the trial period and caused a moderate decline of serum cortisol and HSP-70 levels after transportation. Also, GA alleviated the oxidative stress and inflammatory response caused by multiple environmental stressors. Meanwhile, puppies fed GA had a higher abundance of fecal Firmicutes and Lactobacillus and lower Proteobacteria, Escherichia–Shigella, and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 after transportation. As a result, the TS+GA group had the highest total short-chain fatty acids and acetic acid. Also, the fecal and serum metabolomics analyses revealed that GA markedly reversed the abnormalities of amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and nucleotide metabolism caused by stresses. Finally, Spearman’s correlation analysis was carried out to explore the comprehensive microbiota and metabolite relationships. Overall, dietary supplementation of GA alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory response in stressed puppies by causing beneficial shifts on gut microbiota and metabolites that may support gut and host health.

scholarly journals Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by β-Carotene in Late Pregnant Sows

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xupeng Yuan ◽  
Jiahao Yan ◽  
Ruizhi Hu ◽  
Yanli Li ◽  
Ying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Metabolic Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Β Carotene

Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and β-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of β-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of β-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg/kg of β-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 ± 1.54 and 12.29 ± 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 ± 1.41 (P = 0.201). Moreover, β-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (P < 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg/kg β-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (P < 0.05). In particular, β-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group, Lachnospiraceae NK4B4 group and Ruminococcaceae UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including Bilophila and Sutterella, and Actinobacteria including Corynebacterium and Corynebacterium 1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of β-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Dietary Supplementation with Capsicum Annum L on Performance, Hematology, Blood Biochemistry and Hepatic Antioxidant Status of Growing Rabbits

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2045
Author(s):  
Hamada Elwan ◽  
Mostafa Abdelhakeam ◽  
Sally El-Shafei ◽  
Atef Abd El-Rahman ◽  
Zienhom Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
New Zealand White Rabbits ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

Animals fed with a high amount of a wide range of antioxidants in their diet are significantly protected against oxidative stress. Powerful antioxidant substances such as vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids are present naturally in red-hot pepper (RHP). This study hypothesized that using RHP may provide protection against oxidative stress and enhance animal physiological responses. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of feeding New Zealand white rabbits with RHP-supplemented diets on their physiological and biochemical responses. New Zealand White rabbits (age = 6 weeks, n = 48) were split equally into three groups (n = 16 in each group). One group was fed a basal diet only (control group), with the other two groups fed a basal diet along with 1 and 2% RHP. Mass spectrometric analysis for the RHP methanolic extract showed some phenolic compounds, such as p-coumaric, sinapinic acids, vanillic, and luteolin, as well as catechin and its isomers. Hepatic antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GSH, GSH-Px, and CAT) were significantly elevated (p < 0.05) by feeding rabbits diets supplemented with 1 or 2% RHP. The addition of RHP significantly enhanced immune-responses; phagocytic activity, chemotaxis, TIg, IgG, IgM, and IgA increased when growing rabbits were fed RHP compared with the control group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1 or 2% RHP may play a role as an enhancer of growth and immune response in growing rabbits.

scholarly journals Saikosaponin A-Induced Gut Microbiota Changes Attenuate Severe Acute Pancreatitis through the Activation of Keap1/Nrf2-ARE Antioxidant Signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Jinfeng Han ◽  
Juan Lv ◽  
Shiji Wang ◽  
Lai Qu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Severe Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Serum Lipase ◽  
Saikosaponin A

Objective. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a serious and life-threatening disease associated with multiple organ failure and a high mortality rate and is accompanied by distinct oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. Saikosaponin A has strong antioxidant properties and can affect the composition of gut microbiota. We sought to determine the effects of Saikosaponin A interventions on SAP by investigating the changes of gut microbiota and related antioxidant signaling. Methods. A SAP model was established in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats through the injection of sodium taurocholate into the biliopancreatic duct and confirmed by elevated levels of serum lipase and amylase. The model was fed a standard diet either with saline solution or with Saikosaponin A. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from Saikosaponin A-induced rats into the rat model was performed to test the effects of gut microbiota. The composition of gut microbiota was analyzed by using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We measured apoptotic status, inflammatory biomarkers, and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE ((Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2-antioxidant response element) antioxidant signaling. Results. Saikosaponin A intervention attenuated SAP lesions and reduced the levels of serum amylase and lipase, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses by reducing pathological scores and affecting the serum level of oxidative and inflammatory factors. Meanwhile, the expression of Keap1-Nrf2-ARE was increased. Saikosaponin A intervention improved microbiota composition by increasing the relative abundance of Lactobacillus and Prevotella species. FMT resulted in similar results as those caused by the Saikosaponin A intervention, suggesting Saikosaponin A may exert its function via the improvement of gut microbiota composition. Conclusions. Saikosaponin A-induced gut microbiota changes attenuate SAP progression in the rat model and may be a potential natural drug for adjuvant treatment of SAP. Further work is needed to clear up the points.

scholarly journals Tolerogenic dendritic cells induced by atorvastatin via inhibition of the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway improve cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianbing Zhu ◽  
Hang Chen ◽  
Yuanji Ma ◽  
Haibo Liu ◽  
Zhaoyang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Infarct Size ◽  
Inflammatory Reaction ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Systolic Function ◽  
Left Ventricular

Abstract BackgroundNecrosis of ischemic cardiomyocytes after myocardial infarction (MI) activates an intense inflammatory reaction. Dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role in the repair process after MI. Tolerogenic DCs (tDCs) can inhibit inflammatory responses. Methods and resultsWe investigated the role of atorvastatin and supernatants of necrotic cardiomyocytes (SNC) on DCs. We found that SNC induced DCs maturation, activated TLR-4/NF-κB pathway, promoted inflammatory cytokines secretion and oxidative stress. Co-treatment with SNC and atorvastatin suppressed DC maturation and inflammatory response, which meant that atorvastatin induced DCs tolerate to SNC. Then, we investigated the effect of mDCs induced by SNC and tDCs induced by atorvastatin on ventricular remodeling after MI. tDCs treatment significantly improved the left ventricular systolic function, reduced the infiltration of MPO+ neutrophil, Mac3+ macrophages and CD3+ T cells, inhibited myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis, and decreased infarct size. Compared with PBS, treatment with mDCs did not showed beneficial effect on ventricular remodeling and inflammatory reaction after MI in mice.ConclusionAtorvastatin inactivated the TLR-4/NF-κB pathway, repressed the oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and immune maturity induced by SNC. Treatment with tDCs, induced by co-treated with atorvastatin, preserved left ventricular function, limited infarct size, suppressed the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and attenuated the severity of fibrosis, and reduced the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress, Antioxidant Defenses, COVID-19 and Pollution

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selva Rivas-Arancibia ◽  
Jennifer Balderas-Miranda ◽  
Lizbeth Belmont-Zúñiga ◽  
Martín Martínez-Jáquez ◽  
Eduardo Hernández-Orozco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Low Levels

Patients with degenerative diseases present a chronic oxidative stress state, which puts them at a disadvantage when facing viral infections such as COVID-19. This is because there is a close relationship between redox signaling and this inflammatory response. Therefore, chronic changes in the redox balance cause alterations in the regulation of the immune system. An inflammatory response that must be reparative and self-limited loses its function and remains over time. In a chronic state of oxidative stress, there is a deficiency of antioxidants. This results in low levels of hormones, vitamins and trace elements, which are essential for the regulation of these systems. Furthermore, low levels of antioxidants imply a diminished capacity for a regulated inflammatory responses are much more vulnerable to a cytokine storm that mainly attacks the lungs, since they present a vicious circle between the null or diminished response of the antioxidant systems and the loss of regulation of the inflammatory process. Therefore, these patients are at a disadvantage in counteracting the response of defense systems to infection from SAR-COV19. A plausible option may be to restore the levels of Vitamins A, B, C, D, E and of essential trace elements such as manganese, selenium, zinc, in the body, which are key to either preventing or reducing the severity of the response of the immune system to the disease caused by SAR-CoV2. For the present review, we searched the specific sites of the Cochrane library database, PubMed and Medscape. The inclusion criteria were documents written in English or Spanish, published during the last 10 years.

scholarly journals Dietary Supplementation with Chitosan Oligosaccharides Alleviates Oxidative Stress in Rats Challenged with Hydrogen Peroxide

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruixia Lan ◽  
Qingqing Chang ◽  
Lilong An ◽  
Zhihui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Chitosan Oligosaccharides ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Oxidative stress is induced by excessive oxidative radicals, which directly react with biomolecules, and damage lipids, proteins and DNA, leading to cell or organ injury. Supplementation of antioxidants to animals can be an effective way to modulate the antioxidant system. Chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) are the degraded products of chitosan or chitin, which has strong antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune-enhancing competency. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that dietary supplementation with COS alleviates the damage caused by oxidative stress in Sprague Dawley rats challenged with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The rats were randomly divided into three groups: CON, control group, in which rats were fed a basal diet with normal drinking water; AS, H2O2 group, in which rats were fed the basal diet and 0.1% H2O2 in the drinking water; ASC, AS + COS group, in which rats were fed the basal diet with 200 mg/kg COS, and with 0.1% H2O2 in the drinking water. In vitro, COS exhibited better radical scavenging capacity of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide anion (O2−), H2O2, and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) than butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA). In vivo, dietary supplementation with COS alleviated the H2O2-induced oxidative damage, evidenced by comparatively increasing activity of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, GSH, and T-AOC, and comparatively decreasing level of MDA in serum, liver, spleen, and kidney. COS also comparatively alleviated the H2O2-induced inflammation. In conclusion, COS supplementation reduced lipid peroxidation and restored antioxidant capacity in Sprague Dawley rats, which were challenged with H2O2.

scholarly journals The Impacts ofChrysanthemum indicumExtract on Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Responses in Adjuvant-Induced Arthritic Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Dong ◽  
Dongsheng Yu ◽  
Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi ◽  
Veeramuthu Duraipandiyan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Chrysanthemum Indicum ◽  
Clinical Arthritis

Chrysanthemum indicumhas been used as a therapeutic agent against inflammation, hypertension, and respiratory conditions for many years. This research’s aim has been to examine the antioxidant impacts thatChrysanthemum indicumextract (CIE) has on the oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in adjuvant-induced arthritic (AA) rats. 40 rats were categorised into 4 groups according to a completely randomized approach: Group I involved normal control rats (CTRL) that received a basal diet; Group II involved arthritic control rats (CTRL-AA) that received the same diet; Group III involved rats that received a basal diet and 30 mg/kg CIE; and Group IV involved arthritic rats with the same diet as Group III rats (CIE-AA). After injection with complete Freund’s adjuvant, body weight, arthritis score, and the serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) were assessed. The results demonstrated that CIE delayed the onset time of arthritis and decreased the clinical arthritis severity score (P<0.05). Observations of CIE-AA and CTRL-AA rats demonstrated that CIE alleviates oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in CIE-AA group. In conclusion, CIE alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, thereby highlighting its potential use as a candidate for clinical treatments of rheumatoid arthritis.

Chinese Prescription Kangen-karyu and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix Improve Age-Related Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response through the PI3K/Akt or MAPK Pathways

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 987-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chan Hum Park ◽  
Dae Hyun Kim ◽  
Min Hi Park ◽  
Mi Kyung Kim ◽  
Nam Deuk Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Salviae Miltiorrhizae ◽  
Mapk Pathways ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix ◽  
Old Rats

This study examined whether Kangen-karyu and its crude drug, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, have a reno-protective effect on the age-related oxidative stress and inflammatory response through the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in aged rats. Kangen-karyu or Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix (20 mg/kg body weight/day) was administered orally to old groups of rats for 16 days, and their effects were compared with the vehicle-treated old and young rats. The administration of Kangen-karyu caused a slight decrease in the serum glucose level and a significant decrease in the serum insulin level in the old rats. The increased levels of serum renal functional parameter (urea-nitrogen) and oxidative parameter were significantly reduced by both Kangen-karyu and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix. The old rats exhibited a dysregulation of the protein expression related to insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the kidneys, but Kangen-karyu administration significantly reduced the expression of the inflammatory proteins through the PI3K/Akt pathway. On the other hand, the Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix-treated old rats showed a decrease in the inflammatory cytokines through the MAPK pathway. These results provide important evidence that Kangen-karyu and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix have a pleiotropic effect on the PI3K/Akt and MAPK pathways, showing renoprotective effects against the development of inflammation in old rats. This study provides scientific evidence that Kangen-karyu and Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix improve the inflammatory responses via the PI3K/Akt or MAPK pathways in the kidney of old rats.

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