Lack of Evidence of COVID-19 Being a Risk Factor of Alopecia Areata: Results of a National Cohort Study in South Korea

Background: Concerns about alopecia areata (AA) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients have emerged among dermatologists. However, most of the extant kinds of literature have limited implications by relying on cross-sectional studies with restricted study subjects without the control group.Objective: Our study aims to investigate the risk of developing AA among COVID-19 patients in South Korea using national representative data.Methods: We used the National Health Insurance Service COVID-19 cohort database, comprising COVID-19 patients and the control group, all of whom were diagnosed from January 1, 2020, to June 4, 2020. Patients were defined as individuals who were confirmed as COVID-19 positive, regardless of disease severity. Controls were defined as those who were confirmed as COVID-19 negatives. People with a history of AA during the period 2015–2019 were excluded. The primary endpoint was a new diagnosis of AA (ICD-10-Code: L63). The adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of developing AA was estimated using a log-link Poisson regression model based on incidence density. The model adjusted for (1) age and sex and (2) demographic variables (age, sex, place of residence, and income level).Results: A total of 226,737 individuals (7,958 [3.5%] cases and 218,779 [96.5%] controls) were included in the final analysis. The ratio of newly diagnosed AA was 18/7,958 (0.2%) in cases and 195/218,779 (0.1%) in controls. IRRs of COVID-19 patients having newly diagnosed AA compared to controls were 0.78 (95% CI: 0.48–1.27) when age and sex were adjusted for and 0.60 (95% CI: 0.35–1.03) when all demographic variables were adjusted for.Conclusion: Diagnosis of COVID-19 was not significantly associated with the development of AA even after appropriately adjusting for covariates.

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352. COVID-19 Not a Risk Factor of Alopecia Areata: Results of a National Cohort Study in South Korea

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofab466.553 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S280-S280

Author(s):

Jeehyun Kim ◽

Kwan Hong ◽

Sujin Yum ◽

Raquel Elizabeth Gomez Gomez ◽

Byung Chul Chun

Keyword(s):

South Korea ◽

Alopecia Areata ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Demographic Variables ◽

Incidence Density ◽

Control Group ◽

Age Group ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

And Control ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Background There have been approximately 158 million coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic survivors worldwide by June 9, 2021. As a result, concerns about hair loss in COVID-19 patients have emerged among dermatologists. However, most of extant literature have limited implications by relying on cross-sectional studies with restricted study subjects without control group. Therefore, our study aims to investigate the risk of developing alopecia areata (AA) among COVID-19 patients in South Korea using adequate control based on national representative data. Methods We used the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) COVID-19 cohort database, comprising COVID-19 patient and control group, all of whom were diagnosed from January 1, 2020 to June 4, 2020. Patients were defined as individuals who were confirmed as COVID-19 positive, regardless of disease severity. Controls were defined as whom confirmed as COVID-19 negative. People with a history of AA during the period 2015–2019 were excluded. The primary endpoint was a new diagnosis of AA (ICD-10-CM-Code: L63). Adjusted incidence rate ratio (IRR) of developing AA was estimated using log-link Poisson regression model based on incidence density of case and control group. The model adjusted for (1) age and sex (2) demographic variables (age, sex, place of residence, and income level). Statistical significance was set at p< 0.05. Results A total of 226,737 individuals (7,958 [3.5%] cases and 218,779 [96.5%] controls) were included in the final analysis. There were more females than males, both in test positives and negatives at 59.9% and 52.3%, respectively. The largest test positive population was those in age group 20 to 29 years (25.5%),. The test negatives had the largest population in age group 30 to 39 years (17.1%). The ratio of newly diagnosed AA was 18/7,958 (0.2%) in cases and 195/218,779 (0.1%) in controls. IRRs of COVID-19 patients having newly diagnosed AA compared to controls were 0.78 (0.48‒1.27) when age and sex were adjusted for, and 0.60 (0.35‒1.03) when all demographic variables were adjusted for. Flowchart of study subject selection Conclusion Diagnosis of COVID-19 was not significantly associated with development of AA even after appropriately adjusting for covariates. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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Epidemiology of cervical spondylotic myelopathy and its risk of causing spinal cord injury: a national cohort study

Neurosurgical FOCUS ◽

10.3171/2013.4.focus13122 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. E10 ◽

Cited By ~ 79

Author(s):

Jau-Ching Wu ◽

Chin-Chu Ko ◽

Yu-Shu Yen ◽

Wen-Cheng Huang ◽

Yu-Chun Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spinal Cord ◽

Spinal Cord Injury ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy ◽

Incidence Density ◽

Control Group ◽

Cord Injury ◽

National Cohort ◽

Age And Sex

Object This study aimed to determine the age- and sex-specific incidence of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and its associated risk of causing subsequent spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Using the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), a 12-year nationwide database in Taiwan, this retrospective cohort study analyzed the incidence of hospitalization caused by CSM. All patients diagnosed with and admitted for CSM were identified during the study period. The CSM patients were divided into 2 groups, a control group and an operated group. An incidence density method was used to estimate age- and sex-specific incidence rates of CSM. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression analyses were performed to compare the risk of SCI between the 2 groups. Results From 1998 to 2009, covering 349.5 million person-years, 14,140 patients were hospitalized for CSM. The overall incidence of CSM-related hospitalization was 4.04 per 100,000 person-years. Specifically, males and older persons had a higher incidence rate of CSM. During the follow-up of these patients for 13,461 person-years, a total of 166 patients were diagnosed with SCI. The incidence of SCI was higher in the control group than the operated group (13.9 vs 9.4 per 1000 person-years, respectively). During the follow-up, SCI was more likely to occur in CSM patients who were treated conservatively (crude HR 1.48, p = 0.023; adjusted HR 1.57, p = 0.011) than in those who underwent surgery for CSM. Conclusions In a national cohort of eastern Asia, the incidence of CSM-caused hospitalization was 4.04 per 100,000 person-years, with higher incidences observed in older and male patients. Subsequent SCI was more likely to develop in patients who received nonoperative management than in those who underwent surgery. Therefore, patients with CSM managed without surgery should be cautioned about SCI. However, further investigations are still required to clarify the risks and complications associated with surgery for CSM.

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Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Patients with Pituitary Adenoma: A Case Series of 303 Patients

Hormone and Metabolic Research ◽

10.1055/a-1020-3992 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 51 (11) ◽

pp. 709-713 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Seher Çetinkaya Altuntaş ◽

Mehtap Evran ◽

Murat Sert ◽

Tamer Tetiker

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Pituitary Adenoma ◽

Waist Circumference ◽

Case Series ◽

Low Density Lipoproteins ◽

Control Group ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Patient Groups ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Age And Sex

AbstractTo assess the demographic characteristics and hormonal status of patients who presented to our clinic with pituitary adenoma and to demonstrate the presence, prevalence, and relationship of metabolic syndrome parameters in these patients. The study included 303 patients with known or newly diagnosed pituitary adenoma and 52 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. The patients were classified into 3 groups; acromegaly (ACRO) (n=54),prolactinoma (PRLoma) (n=163), and non-functional adenoma (NFA) (n=86). in 55.6% (n=172) and 52% (n=163) of the patients, respectively. The waist circumference of all patients (p<0.001) and body mass index (BMI) of patients with PRLoma (p=0.03) and ACRO (p<0.001) were found to be significantly higher than in the controls. The HbA1c, insulin and HOMA-IR values were significantly higher in the ACRO and PRLoma groups, whereas the insulin and HOMA-IR values were significantly higher in the NFA group compared with the control group (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). When the 3 patient groups were compared, waist circumference and BMI were significantly higher in the ACRO group than in the PRLoma group (p=0.04 and p=0.03, respectively). In patients developing pituitary failure after treatment, age, waist circumference, plasma glucose, low-density lipoproteins and triglyceride values were significantly increased when compared with those without pituitary failure after treatment (p<0.001). In our study, it was found that there was increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk in functional pituitary adenoma and NFA.

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Frequency of Stress, Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Alopecia Areata and Control Group Referring to Skin Clinics of Yazd City in 2017

Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences ◽

10.18502/ssu.v28i1.3132 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mohammad Ebrahimzadeh Ardakani ◽

Ghasem Dastjerdi ◽

Sepideh Hasani

Keyword(s):

Alopecia Areata ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Common Disease ◽

Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Mean ◽

Yazd City

Introduction: Alopecia areata is a fairly common disease characterized by patchy aria of hair loss. The role of psychological factors in the occurrence of alopecia areata has long been discussed. The present study was conducted to determine the frequency of stress and anxiety and depression in the patients with alopecia areata in Yazd City in 2017. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study and 50 patients with alopecia areata in Yazd were compared with 50 in the control group in the year 2016. Sampling method was a census and variables, including sex, age, education level, duration of lesion, frequency of relapse, and location of the disease were collected and recorded using a questionnaire. The depression anxiety stress-scale (DASS) (Dass11) questionnaire was used for scoring anxiety, stress and depression. For analyzing the collected data were entered into SPSS version 13. Results: The results of the study showed that the mean age of the participants in the study was 30.27 ± 8.7, the mean duration of lesion was 23.5±53.52 months and the mean recurrence rate was 1.4±2.2. From 100 participants in the study, 36 (36%) were women and 64 (64%) were men. The mean score of depression (6.8 vs 4.6), anxiety score (6.08 vs 3.5) and stress score (10.06 vs 8.06) were found to be significantly different between the two groups. Also, in women and in the age range of 17-29 years, the mean of depression and anxiety scores was significantly different in the two groups (P-value <0.05). Conclusion: According to results, it can be concluded that the frequency of depression, anxiety and stress in the patients with alopecia areata is significantly more than the control group.

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Enumeration of Circulating Platelet-Derived Microparticles Clearly Separates PV and ET From Secondary Polycythemia or Thrombocytosis

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v118.21.1745.1745 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 118 (21) ◽

pp. 1745-1745

Author(s):

Agnés Charpentier ◽

Stéphanie Devaux ◽

Véronique Tintillier-Colin ◽

Matthieu Wemeau ◽

Judith Bruge-Debreu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conflicts Of Interest ◽

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽

Annexin V ◽

Threshold Value ◽

Normal Subjects ◽

Control Group ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Testing Procedures ◽

Healthy Donors ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Abstract 1745 Rationale: The diagnosis of Polycythemia Vera (PV) and Essential Thrombocytemia (ET) relies on a set of criteria gathered in the 2008 WHO classification; however, it may occasionnaly be difficult, especially in the absence of molecular markers such as Jak2V617→F or Mpl mutations. Having previously reported a significant increase in circulating platelets microparticles (PMP) in patients bearing Myeloproliferative neoplasms versus healthy donors (V.Tintillier-Colin, ASH Annual Meeting 2009, Abstr. 1906), our purpose has been to assess the usefulness of blood PMP count as an additional criteria in dubious cases of ET and PV. Patients and methods: We performed PMP counts in 100 newly diagnosed and still untreated patients (55 ET and 45 PV in accordance to WHO criteria), 40 secondary or reactive states (erythrocytosis and thrombocytosis, 20 cases each) and 75 controls matched for age and sex. The PMP were characterized by their size and co-expression of Annexin V and CD41; their concentration was measured on plasma extracts using the FC500 flow-cytometer (Beckman-Coulter™). Pre-analytical and testing procedures complied with the recommendations of the ISTH Standardization Sub-committee with each test performed in duplicate. Results: The 3 groups were homogeneous regarding age and sex-ratio. Mean platelet counts were 703.109/l in the TE group, 652.109/l in the cohort with secondary thrombocytosis and 247.109/l in the control group. Mean Hb level was 18.0g/dl in the PV group, 18.1g/dl in the secondary erythrocytosis group and 15g/dl in controls. The median value of PMP concentration is much higher (p < 0.05, Krusall-Wallis test) in the TE group (5900/μl) than in the reactive thombocytosis group (1283/μl), this latter being no different from the control group (996/μl). In the ET group, PMP count is similarly increased whether patients beared Jak2V617→F mutation or not. Using the ROC statistical method, we defined a threshold value of 3400 PMP/μl able to discriminate ET from reactive thrombocytosis with 93% specificity and 67% sensitivity. Similarly, the median value of PMP count was neatly higher in the PV group (3258/μl) than in secondary erythocytosis (671/μl) and healthy controls (996/μl) (p < 10−5, Krusall-Wallis test). The ROC method fixed a 1300/μl threshold separating PV from secondary erythrocytosis with 89% sensibility and 63% specificity. Conclusion: We report an evaluation of the blood PMP count in a quite large series of newly diagnosed untreated ET and PV patients compared to patients with secondary thrombocytosis or erythrocytosis and healthy volunteers; this study emphasizes the interest of the circulating PMP count in order to differentiate MPN neoplasms from normal subjects as well as patients with reactive conditions. This test, quick, reproducible and cheap, especially shows its value as an additional diagnostic criteria in ET or PV when clonal markers are lacking. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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The Impact of Testicular Loss on The Psychopathology of Young Patients: Population-Based Analysis Of 4 Million Examinees of Manpower Administration Database

Klinička psihologija ◽

10.21465/2016-kp-p-0016 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 147-147

Author(s):

S. Lee ◽

◽

J. Kim ◽

K. Moon ◽

J. Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Patients ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Abnormal Rate ◽

The Military ◽

The Impact

Objective: Patients of hypogonadism have high risk of depression and anxiety with impaired quality of life but the psychopathological impact of testicular loss without hypogonadism is rarely reported. We studied the impact of unilateral or bilateral testicular loss on psychopathology. Design and Method: We retrospectively analyzed 4 million cases of Manpower Administration (MA) database for the evaluation of the psychopathological status of men with testicular loss. For screening psychopathological status, we used the Military Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). The examinees of testicular loss were defined at least 50% decrease of testicular volume at CT scan. The examinees without severe medical disability were classified as normal control group. The abnormal result of MMPI scale was defined as a score more than one standard deviation. Results: In this cross-sectional study, total 3932 unilateral testicular absent examinees (UTAE) and 203 bilateral testicular absent examinees (BTAE) were screened. After exclusion of examinees with abnormal response, total 3562 UTAEs and 171 BTAEs were included for final analysis. The abnormal rate of anxiety (15.5% vs. 9.5%), depression (18.3% vs. 10.6%), somatization (18.6% vs 8.7%) and personality disorder (16.8% vs. 13.7%) were higher in UTAE group than matched control. The abnormal rate of depression (18.3% vs. 15.8%) and somatization (18.6% vs. 12.6%) in UTAE group were even higher than in BTAE group. Conclusions: Our population based study suggests young patients with testicular loss are psychopathological vulnerable condition. More active psychopathological screening is indicated for young testicular loss patients.

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Serum vitamin D levels and alopecia areata: A comparative cross-sectional study

Journal of Skin and Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽

10.25259/jsstd_24_2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Blessen B. Dasankunju ◽

Pradeep S. Nair ◽

Anuja Elizabeth George

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Alopecia Areata ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Small Sample ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Age And Sex

Objectives: To determine the relation between serum vitamin D levels and alopecia areata. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included patients with AA who were above 12 years of age and age- and sex-matched controls who attended the dermatology department of a tertiary care center during a period of 1 year. Serum Vitamin D level was determined in each participant. Serum Vitamin D levels documented in both groups were compared. Results: Thirty patients and 30 age- and sex-matched controls constituted the study population. The male-to-female ratio was 1.7:1. Most of the patients (9/30, 30%) were in the age group of 31–40 years. We observed patchy AA in 17 patients (56.7%). Nail involvement was seen in 9 patients (30%). Serum vitamin D levels were insufficient/deficient in 16 patients (53.3%), while in the age- and sex-matched comparison group, vitamin D was insufficient / deficient in 7 cases (23.3%). The difference was statistically significant (P = 0.03). No significant relation was noted either between serum vitamin D levels and number of alopecia lesions or between serum vitamin D levels and the clinical pattern of AA. No significant difference was noted in the vitamin D levels between patients who had involvement of only scalp and those who showed involvement of other body sites. Limitations: Small sample size was the major limitation of the study. Conclusion: Low serum vitamin D levels were more frequent in patients with AA in comparison to healthy controls.

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Soluble CD163 as a Potential Biomarker in Systemic Sclerosis

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2018/8509583 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Camelia Frantz ◽

Sonia Pezet ◽

Jerome Avouac ◽

Yannick Allanore

Keyword(s):

Systemic Sclerosis ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Control Group ◽

Signaling System ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Potential Biomarker ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Urine And Serum ◽

Age And Sex

Objective. To evaluate the performance of serum and urinary sCD163 concentrations as possible biomarker in systemic sclerosis (SSc). Methods. Urine and serum samples were obtained from SSc patients and age- and sex-matched controls. Serum and urinary sCD163 concentrations were measured by commercially available ELISA kit. SSc patients were assessed following international guidelines. Cross-sectional analyses were performed. Results. Two hundred and three SSc patients were included. The control group consisted of 47 age- and sex-matched patients having noninflammatory diseases, mainly osteoporosis. Serum sCD163 levels were significantly higher in SSc patients compared with controls (mean ± SD: 529 ± 251 versus 385 ± 153 ng/mL; p<0.001). Urinary sCD163 concentrations were higher in SSc patients than controls, but this did not reach significance (236 ± 498 versus 176 ± 173 ng/mg uCr; p=0.580). The sCD163 concentrations were not associated with clinical, laboratory, and instrumental characteristics of SSc patients. Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of both serum and urinary sCD163 levels in SSc. Our results show a significant difference for sera values that should be prioritized for further studies as compared to urinary measurements. Our results further support that the M2 macrophages/CD163 signaling system may play a role in the pathogenesis of SSc, although we could not identify a subset of SSc patients with higher concentrations.

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Assessment of serum zonulin as a marker of altered intestinal permeability in patients with multiple sclerosis

QJM ◽

10.1093/qjmed/hcab102.004 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Prof.Dr. Ayman Mohamed Nassef ◽

Lobna Mohamed ElNabil ◽

Mohamed Mahmoud Fouad ◽

Amira Ahmed Moussa

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Intestinal Barrier ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Control Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Progressive Group ◽

And Control ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Background Here we enrolled patients into 3 groups: Relapsing remittent MS in relapse (RRMS) [N = 26], progressive MS (progressive) [N = 19] and relapsing remittent MS in remission (remission) [N = 18] Control group matching age and sex [N = 20] P-Value was <0.001, which is significant in RRMS group in relation to progressive, remission and control groups. P-Value was 0.849, which is insignificant in progressive group in relation to remission group. P-Value was 0.584, which is insignificant in progressive group in relation to control group. P-Value was 0.973, which is insignificant in remission group in relation to control group. Aim of the Work To investigate the possible association between IP changes and MS through measurement serum zonulin in different population of MS for possible implication on treatment. Patients and Methods A. Subjects Type of the Study A case control observational cross sectional study Study Setting The Neurology department of Ain Shams University hospitals. Study Period 6 months to 1 year Study Population This study will enroll 92 subjects who will be divided into 4 groups; group 1 including 24patients with the diagnosis of relapsing remittent MS (RRMS) who are in relapse phase within one week from the time of sample withdrawal, group 2 including 24 patients with the diagnosis of RRMS who are in remission phase, group 3 including 24 patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and group 4 including 20 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Results In the RRMS group of this study, serum Zonulin varying between (12_ 93) with mean 28.692 and +\-22.894 SD. In the progressive group of this study, serum Zonulin varying between (2_ 18) with mean 8.021 and +\-3.866 SD. In the remission group of this study, serum Zonulin varying between (1.5_ 11) with mean 4.522 and +\-3.026 SD. In the control group of this study, serum Zonulin varying between (1.3_ 6) with mean 2.690 and +\-1.292 SD. P-Value was <0.001, which is significant in RRMS group in relation to progressive, remission and control groups. P-Value was 0.849, which is insignificant in progressive group in relation to remission group. P-Value was 0.584, which is insignificant in progressive group in relation to control group. P-Value was 0.973, which is insignificant in remission group in relation to control group. Conclusion this study included 62 patients diagnosed as multiple sclerosis that are divided into 3 groups and serum Zonulin level was assessed in each group and the results were significant in the relapse group which indicates autoimmune theory of MS and link between gut barrier and CNS also illustrated the role of gut microbiota in the MS. It also supported disintegration of intestinal barrier during the attack of MS for further work up studies regarding oral medication in the acute attack of MS.

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The association of asthma and its subgroups with osteoporosis: a cross-sectional study using KoGES HEXA data

Allergy Asthma & Clinical Immunology ◽

10.1186/s13223-020-00482-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jee Hye Wee ◽

Chanyang Min ◽

Min Woo Park ◽

Soo Hwan Byun ◽

Hyo-Jeong Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Adult Population ◽

Asthma Management ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Control Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Korean Adult ◽

Adjusted Model ◽

Prevalence Of Osteoporosis ◽

Asthma Group ◽

Age And Sex

Abstract Background A few studies have reported the association between asthma and osteoporosis. We aimed to analyze the association of asthma and its subgroups with osteoporosis in the Korean adult population. Methods We used the health examinee (HEXA) data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES) obtained between 2004 and 2016. We included 162,579 participants (n = 3,160 with asthma; n = 159,419 controls) who reported their previous histories of asthma and osteoporosis. The participants were categorized into 3 groups based on asthma management: participants who did not need further treatment due to controlled symptoms (well controlled); participants with ongoing treatment (being treated); participants who were not treated even though they had symptoms (not being treated). Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to calculate the adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for osteoporosis. Subgroup analyses for age and sex were conducted. Results The prevalence of osteoporosis was higher in patients with asthma (13.6%) than in controls (6.8%). In the full-adjusted model, the aORs for osteoporosis were 1.74 (95% CI 1.55–1.94, P < 0.001) in patients with asthma compared to controls. There were consistent findings across the age and sex subgroups. The aORs for osteoporosis were 1.43 (95% CI 1.10–1.86, P = 0.008) in the well-controlled asthma group; 1.55 (95% CI 1.28–1.89, P < 0.001) in the being treated asthma group; and 1.96 (95% CI 1.66–2.31, P < 0.001) in the not being treated asthma group compared to the control group. Conclusion Asthma was associated with osteoporosis in the Korean adult population. Patients with asthma not being treated showed the highest ORs for osteoporosis.

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