scholarly journals Association Between Neutrophil–Lymphocyte Ratio and Frailty: The Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihao Xu ◽  
Yuanfeng Liang ◽  
Zhanyi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
Quartile Group ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Background: Inflammation has been reported to play an important role in frailty syndrome. The neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has recently emerged as an informative marker for systematic inflammation. However, few studies have examined the association between NLR and frailty. This study aims to examine the association between NLR and frailty in community-dwelling older adults.Methods: Community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years in the 2011 (n = 2,354) and 2014 (n = 2,458) waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were included. Frailty status was determined using the 38-item frailty index (FI) and categorized into “robust” (FI ≤ 0.1), “pre-frail” (0.1 < FI ≤ 0.21), or “frail” (FI > 0.21). NLR was calculated using a derived formula: NLR = (white blood cell–lymphocyte)/lymphocyte.Results: A total of 3,267 participants were finally included. In cross-sectional analyses, participants with higher NLR levels had increased likelihood of frailty [the 3rd quartile: adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.29; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02–1.63; the 4th quartile: OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.23–2.02) compared with those in the 1st quartile group. During the 3-year follow-up, 164 of the 1,206 participants, robust or pre-frail at baseline, developed frailty, and 197 of the 562 participants, robust at baseline, developed pre-frailty or frailty. Among the robust and pre-frail participants in 2011, after multivariate adjustment, those in the 4th quartile group had a higher frailty incidence than those in the 1st quartile group (OR = 2.06; 95% CI: 1.18–3.59). Among the robust participants in 2011, those in the 4th quartile group also had a higher pre-frailty or frailty incidence than those in the 1st quartile group (OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.07–3.55).Conclusion: Among community-dwelling older adults, higher NLR levels were found to be associated with increased odds of prevalent and incident frailty.

scholarly journals 44 Association between Falls and Cognitive Frailty among Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. iv9-iv12
Author(s):  
Resshaya Roobini Murukesu ◽  
Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh ◽  
Noor Izyani Mokhtar ◽  
Janet Bong May Ing ◽  
Ponnusamy Subramaniam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Frailty ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Abstract Introduction The presence of either frailty or cognitive impairment have been determined as precursors of falls among older adults. However, the association between falls and cognitive frailty has yet to be established. Objective To investigate the association between falls and cognitive frailty among community dwelling older adults. Methods A total of 246 Malaysian community dwelling older adults aged 60 years and above residing in the state of Selangor participated in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic details and clinical characteristics including the history of falls were obtained via interview. The presence of cognitive frailty was identified using the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale and Fried Frailty Index. Data analysis was carried out via binary logistic regression. Results The prevalence of falls and cognitive frailty in this study were 21.2% and 21.9% respectively among community dwelling older adults (mean age 72.39±5.40). No significant relationship between falls and cognitive frailty [OR:1.187, 95% C.I: 0.493-2.856, p=0.702] was demonstrated. However, older women [OR:2.663, 95% C.I, 1.136-6.239, p=0.024] and the presence of multi-morbidities [OR: 1.431, 95% C.I, 1.026-1.997, p=0.035] were significantly associated with falls which corroborates with existing literature. Conclusion Cognitive frailty was not a significant risk factor of falls among community dwelling older adults in this study. Further research is required in prospective, longitudinal, population-based studies to confirm this result.

scholarly journals Is there an association between ageist attitudes and frailty?

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Salguero ◽  
Juliana Ferri-Guerra ◽  
Nadeem Y. Mohammed ◽  
Dhanya Baskaran ◽  
Raquel Aparicio-Ugarriza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Frailty Status

Abstract Background Frailty is defined as a state of vulnerability to stressors that is associated with higher morbidity, mortality and healthcare utilization in older adults. Ageism is “a process of systematic stereotyping and discrimination against people because they are old.” Explicit biases involve deliberate or conscious controls, while implicit bias involve unconscious processes. Multiple studies show that self-directed ageism is a risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine whether explicit ageist attitudes are associated with frailty in Veterans. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of Veterans 50 years and older who completed the Kogan’s Attitudes towards Older People Scale (KAOP) scale to assess explicit ageist attitudes and the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to evaluate implicit ageist attitudes from July 2014 through April 2015. We constructed a frailty index (FI) of 44 variables (demographics, comorbidities, number of medications, laboratory tests, and activities of daily living) that was retrospectively applied to the time of completion of the KAOP and IAT. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by multinomial logistic regression models with frailty status (robust, prefrail and frail) as the outcome variable, and with KAOP and IAT scores as the independent variables. Age, race, ethnicity, median household income and comorbidities were considered as covariates. Results Patients were 89.76% male, 48.03% White, 87.93% non-Hispanic and the mean age was 60.51 (SD = 7.16) years. The proportion of robust, pre-frail and frail patients was 11.02% (n = 42), 59.58% (n = 227) and 29.40% (n = 112) respectively. The KAOP was completed by 381 and the IAT by 339 participants. In multinomial logistic regression, neither explicit ageist attitudes (KAOP scale score) nor implicit ageist attitudes (IAT) were associated with frailty in community dwelling Veterans after adjusting for covariates: OR = .98 (95% CI = .95–1.01), p = .221, and OR:=.97 (95% CI = .37–2.53), p = .950 respectively. Conclusions This study shows that neither explicit nor implicit ageist attitudes were associated with frailty in community dwelling Veterans. Further longitudinal and larger studies with more diverse samples and measured with other ageism scales should evaluate the independent contribution of ageist attitudes to frailty in older adults.

scholarly journals The association between motor capacity and mobility performance: frailty as a moderator

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl-Philipp Jansen ◽  
Nima Toosizadeh ◽  
M. Jane Mohler ◽  
Bijan Najafi ◽  
Christopher Wendel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Daily Routine ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mobility Performance ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Walking Performance ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background In older adults, the linkage between laboratory-assessed ‘motor capacity’ and ‘mobility performance’ during daily routine is controversial. Understanding factors moderating this relationship could help developing more valid assessment as well as intervention approaches. We investigated whether the association between capacity and performance becomes evident with transition into frailty, that is, whether frailty status moderates their association. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the observational Arizona Frailty Cohort Study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01880229) in a community-dwelling cohort in Tucson, Arizona. Participants were N = 112 older adults aged 65 years or older who were categorized as non-frail (n = 40), pre-frail (n = 53) or frail (n = 19) based on the Fried frailty index. Motor capacity was quantified as normal (NWS) and fast walking speed (FWS). Mobility performance was quantified as 1) cumulated physical activity (PA) time and 2) everyday walking performance (average steps per walking bout; maximal number of steps in one walking bout), measured by a motion sensor over a 48 h period. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate moderation effects. Results Unlike in non-frail persons, the relationship between motor capacity and mobility performance was evident in pre-frail and frail persons, confirming our hypothesis. A moderating effect of frailty status was found for 1) the relationship between both NWS and FWS and maximal number of steps in one bout and 2) NWS and the average steps per bout. No moderation was found for the association between NWS and FWS with cumulated PA. Conclusion In pre-frail and frail persons, motor capacity is associated with everyday walking performance, indicating that functional capacity seems to better represent mobility performance in this impaired population. The limited relationship found in non-frail persons suggests that other factors account for their mobility performance. Our findings may help to inform tailored assessment approaches and interventions taking into consideration a person’s frailty status.

scholarly journals Association Between Brain β-Amyloid and Frailty in Older Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1747-1752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Maltais ◽  
Philipe De Souto Barreto ◽  
Claudie Hooper ◽  
Pierre Payoux ◽  
Yves Rolland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
New Information ◽  
Amyloid Aβ ◽  
Β Amyloid

Abstract Background We sought to determine whether cortical and regional β-amyloid (Aβ) were cross-sectionally and prospectively associated with change in frailty status in older adults. Methods We used data from 269 community-dwelling participants from the Multidomain Alzheimer’s Preventive Trial (MAPT) who were assessed for brain Aβ using positron-emission tomography scan. Regional and cortical-to-cerebellar standardized uptake value ratios were obtained. Frailty was assessed by a frailty index composed of 19 items not directly linked to cognition and Alzheimer’s disease. Results A significant and positive cross-sectional and prospective relationship was found for Aβ in the anterior putamen (cross-sectional: β = 0.11 [0.02–0.20], p = .02; prospective: β = 0.11 [0.03–0.19], p = .007), posterior putamen (cross-sectional: β = 0.12 [0.009–0.23], p = .03; prospective: β = 0.11 [0.02–0.21], p = .02), and precuneus regions (cross-sectional: β = 0.07 [0.01–0.12], p = .01; prospective: β = 0.07 [0.01–0.12], p = .01) with increasing frailty. Conclusions This study has found new information regarding cross-sectional and prospective positive associations between region-specific brain Aβ deposits and worsening frailty. The potential mechanisms involved require further investigation.

scholarly journals The Association between Dietary Variety and Physical Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Yuto Kiuchi ◽  
Hyuma Makizako ◽  
Yuki Nakai ◽  
Kazutoshi Tomioka ◽  
Yoshiaki Taniguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cutoff Point ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Diet Variety ◽  
The One ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between diet variety and physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Data of 577 older adults (mean age: 74.0 ± 6.3 years, women: 62.5%) were analyzed. Diet variety was assessed using the Food Frequency Score (FFS) (maximum, 30 points). The FFS assessed the one-week consumption frequency of ten foods (meat, fish/shellfish, eggs, milk & dairy products, soybean products, green & yellow vegetables, potatoes, fruits, seafood, and fats & oil). Physical frailty was assessed using Fried’s component (slowness, weakness, exhaustion, low physical activity, and weight loss). The participants were classified into frail, pre-frail, and non-frail groups. The prevalence of physical frailty was 6.6%. This study found significant associations between physical frailty and low FFS after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio (OR) 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.97, p < 0.01). The optimal cutoff point of the FFS for physical frailty was ≤16 points. FFS lower than the cutoff point were significantly associated with physical frailty after adjusting for covariates (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.60–7.50, p < 0.01). Diet variety assessed using the FFS cutoff value of ≤16 points was related to the physical frailty status in community-dwelling older adults.

scholarly journals Actual Frailty Conditions and Lifestyle Changes in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Affected by Coronavirus Disease 2019 Countermeasures in Japan: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237796082110251
Author(s):  
Tomoyuki Shinohara ◽  
Kosuke Saida ◽  
Shigeya Tanaka ◽  
Akihiko Murayama
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Movement ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Leg Muscle ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

Introduction Because of the countermeasures to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Japan, it is easy to predict that the suspension of local activities and changes in lifestyle that lead to decreased activity will result in increased frailty and prefrailty rates in older adults. Objective To clarify the actual frailty conditions and lifestyle changes among community-dwelling older adults affected by COVID-19 countermeasures in Japan. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 8 and June 12, 2020. Self-reported questionnaires were distributed to 1,078 older adults aged ≥65 years. We used the frailty screening index to assess frailty status and developed the Questionnaire for Change of Life (QCL) to assess lifestyle changes, the amount of daily movement, leg muscle strength, meal size, worry or anxiety, and opportunities to talk to people. The differences in prevalence rates of frailty, prefrailty, and robustness between this study and the reference based on the Japanese meta-analysis were verified using the chi-square goodness of fit test. We compared each of the QCL results among the frailty, prefrailty, and robust groups using Fisher’s exact test. Results Of 680 older adults (63.1%) analyzed, 60 (8.8%) had frailty and 354 (52.1%) had prefrailty. There was a significant difference between the observed and expected prevalence based on the reference (p = 0.018). The frailty status was significantly associated with lifestyle changes. In participants with frailty, the amount of daily movement, leg muscle strength, and meal size significantly decreased (p < 0.001), whereas worry or anxiety significantly increased (p = 0.040). In contrast, regardless of the frailty status, opportunities to talk to people decreased. Conclusion The prevalence of frailty and prefrailty might have increased due to the effects of COVID-19 countermeasures. Moreover, the lifestyle of community-dwelling older adults affected by COVID-19 countermeasures has changed. Lifestyle changes were more pronounced among older adults with frailty.

Built Environment and Frailty: Neighborhood Perceptions and Associations With Frailty, Experience From the Nagoya Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 073346482091266
Author(s):  
Beatriz A. Martins ◽  
Renuka Visvanathan ◽  
Helen R. Barrie ◽  
Chi Hsien Huang ◽  
Eiji Matsushita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Land Use Mix ◽  
Sectional Analysis

Neighborhood physical characteristics have been consistently associated with the health of older adults. This article investigates links between frailty and perceptions of the neighborhood environment. Using a cross-sectional analysis of 370 community-dwelling older adults from Nagoya, Japan, neighborhood perceptions were assessed using the Neighborhood Environmental Walkability Scale (NEWS) in addition to frailty, using a frailty index. Frailty was associated with the NEWS composite index, land use mix diversity, land use mix access, street connectivity, walking infrastructure, aesthetics, and crime safety, after adjustment for covariates. Older adults with increasing frailty have poorer perceptions of their neighborhoods, which could lead to further constriction of the life-space, less social and physical engagement, and worsening of frailty status.

scholarly journals Physical Frailty and Fall Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jiraporn Chittrakul ◽  
Penprapa Siviroj ◽  
Somporn Sungkarat ◽  
Ratana Sapbamrer
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Fall Risk ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Physical Frailty ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frailty Status ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults ◽  
Different Levels

Introduction. Frailty is a condition in older adults with decreased physical and cognitive performance that can affect health outcomes associated with fracture, disability, and falls. The aim of this study was to compare fall risk with different physical frailty statuses and investigate factors associated with fall risk in community-dwelling older adults. Methods. The population studied included 367 older adults (mean age = 73.2 years ± 7.0; 237 females (64.6%) and 130 males (35.4%)) who live in Chiang Mai, Thailand. This study was of cross-sectional design. Fried’s phenotype was used to screen the physical frailty status. The physiological profile assessment (PPA) was used to screen for fall risk. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare the fall risk between the different levels of frailty status. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between frailty status and fall risk. Results. The prevalence of the frailty group was 8.7% and that of the prefrailty group was 76.8%. The three statuses of frailty identified were found to have different levels of risk of falling. The frailty group had a higher fall risk than the nonfrailty group and the prefrailty group. In addition, the nonfrailty group had a lower fall risk than the prefrailty group. Conclusion. The frailty group had the highest fall risk in this cohort of older adults living in a community-dwelling facility. Therefore, it is important to assess the frailty status among older adults as it can be a predictor for fall risk. This assessment will therefore lead to a reduction in the rate of disability and death in the community.

scholarly journals Calf Circumference as a Screening Tool for Cognitive Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: The Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study (KFACS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miji Kim ◽  
Min Jeong ◽  
Jinho Yoo ◽  
Da Song ◽  
Chang Won
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Frailty Index ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Calf Circumference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cognitive Frailty ◽  
Community Dwelling Older Adults

The aim of this study was to examine calf circumference in relation to cognitive frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Cross-sectional analysis was performed on the first-year baseline data of 1559 adults aged 70–84 years enrolled in the Korean Frailty and Aging Cohort Study. The final analysis included 1221 adults who were non-dependent in terms of instrumental activities of daily living, who underwent frailty and cognitive function assessments. Physical frailty was defined using the Fried Frailty Index. Cognitive impairment was defined as a score 1.5 standard deviations below the age-, sex- and education-matched norms on any of four cognitive-function tests. The prevalence of cognitive frailty was 2.8% for men and 3.8% for women. After adjusting for potential confounders, in comparison to the “physically robust without cognitive impairment” group, the estimates of increased odds ratios (ORs) for low calf circumference (<32 cm) were much greater in the prefrail with cognitive impairment (OR 4.62, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.02–10.61) and frail with cognitive impairment (OR 10.94, 95% CI: 2.87–41.68) groups in men but not in women. Low calf circumference was strongly related to cognitive frailty in men only, suggesting calf circumference can be used as an indicator of these outcomes.

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