scholarly journals Presence and Germination of the Probiotic Bacillus subtilis DE111® in the Human Small Intestinal Tract: A Randomized, Crossover, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Colom ◽  
Daniela Freitas ◽  
Annie Simon ◽  
Andre Brodkorb ◽  
Martin Buckley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Vegetative Cells ◽  
Final Time Point ◽  
Small Intestinal

Spore-based probiotics offer important advantages over other probiotics as they can survive the harsh gastric conditions of the stomach and bile salts in the small intestine, ultimately germinating in the digestive tract. A novel clinical trial in 11 ileostomy participants was conducted to directly investigate the presence and germination of the probiotic strain Bacillus subtilis DE111® in the small intestine. Three hours following ingestion of DE111®, B. subtilis spores (6.4 × 104 ± 1.3 × 105 CFU/g effluent dry weight) and vegetative cells (4.7 × 104 ± 1.1 × 105 CFU/g effluent dry weight) began to appear in the ileum effluent. Six hours after ingestion, spore concentration increased to 9.7 × 107 ± 8.1 × 107 CFU/g and remained constant to the final time point of 8 h. Vegetative cells reached a concentration of 7.3 × 107 ± 1.4 × 108 CFU/g at 7 h following ingestion. These results reveal orally ingested B. subtilis DE111® spores are able to remain viable during transit through the stomach and germinate in the small intestine of humans within 3 h of ingestion.

scholarly journals Phosphopeptides and soluble calcium in the small intestine of rats given a casein diet

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yeon Sook Lee ◽  
T. Noguchi ◽  
H. Naito
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Casein Diet ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Soluble Calcium ◽  
Small Intestinal

1. Semi-synthetic diets containing 200 g protein/kg were meal-fed for 1.5 h to groups of rats. The contents of the whole small intestinal tract were collected and the amount of soluble calcium was determined.2. In the rats given 200 g casein/kg diet, formation of a fraction containing macrophosphopeptide in the small intestine was confirmed by gelfiltration of the intestinal contents on Sephadex G-25. However, this macrophosphopeptide fraction was not found when casein alone was fed.3. In the intestinal contents at 2.5 h after ingestion, the amounts of both soluble Ca and phosphorus were significantly higher in rats fed the casein diet than in those fed diets containing egg albumin, isolated soyabean protein or an amino acid mixture. However, the amount of insoluble Ca was least in rats fed the casein diet.

scholarly journals The Probiotic Strain H. alvei HA4597® Improves Weight Loss in Overweight Subjects under Moderate Hypocaloric Diet: A Proof-of-Concept, Multicenter Randomized, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1902
Author(s):  
Pierre Déchelotte ◽  
Jonathan Breton ◽  
Clémentine Trotin-Picolo ◽  
Barbara Grube ◽  
Constantin Erlenbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Primary Endpoint ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Hypocaloric Diet ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Hip Circumference ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Fasting Glycemia ◽  
Overweight Subjects

Background: Increasing evidence supports the role of the gut microbiota in the control of body weight and feeding behavior. Moreover, recent studies have reported that the probiotic strain Hafnia alvei HA4597® (HA), which produces the satietogenic peptide ClpB mimicking the effect of alpha-MSH, reduced weight gain and adiposity in rodent models of obesity. Methods: To investigate the clinical efficacy of HA, 236 overweight subjects were included, after written informed consent, in a 12-week prospective, double-blind, randomized study. All subjects received standardized counselling for a −20% hypocaloric diet and were asked to maintain their usual physical activity. Subjects of the HA group received two capsules per day providing 100 billion bacteria per day and subjects in the Placebo (P) group received two placebo capsules. The primary endpoint was the percentage of subjects achieving a weight loss of at least 3% after 12 weeks. Intention-to-treat statistical analysis was performed using exact-Fischer, Mann-Whitney and paired-Wilcoxon tests as appropriate. Results: In the HA group, significantly more subjects (+33%) met the primary endpoint than in the P group (54.9 vs. 41.4%, p = 0.048). In the HA group, an increased feeling of fullness (p = 0.009) and a greater loss of hip circumference (p < 0.001) at 12 weeks were also observed. Fasting glycemia at 12 weeks was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the HA compared to P group. Clinical and biological tolerance was good in both groups. Conclusions: A 12-week treatment with the probiotic strain H. alvei HA4597® significantly improves weight loss, feeling of fullness and reduction of hip circumference in overweight subjects following moderate hypocaloric diet. These data support the use of H. alvei HA4597® in the global management of excess weight.

scholarly journals Microfluidic Device Using Mouse Small Intestinal Tissue for the Observation of Fluidic Behavior in the Lumen

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 692
Author(s):  
Satoru Kuriu ◽  
Naoyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Tadashi Ishida
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Microfluidic Device ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Histological Techniques ◽  
Small Intestinal

The small intestine has the majority of a host’s immune cells, and it controls immune responses. Immune responses are induced by a gut bacteria sampling process in the small intestine. The mechanism of immune responses in the small intestine is studied by genomic or histological techniques after in vivo experiments. While the distribution of gut bacteria, which can be decided by the fluid flow field in the small intestinal tract, is important for immune responses, the fluid flow field has not been studied due to limits in experimental methods. Here, we propose a microfluidic device with chemically fixed small intestinal tissue as a channel. A fluid flow field in the small intestinal tract with villi was observed and analyzed by particle image velocimetry. After the experiment, the distribution of microparticles on the small intestinal tissue was histologically analyzed. The result suggests that the fluid flow field supports the settlement of microparticles on the villi.

Effects of Proximal and Distal Enteral Glucose Infusion on Cardiovascular Response in Health and Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (8) ◽  
pp. e2877-e2884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Karen L Jones ◽  
Michael Horowitz ◽  
Christopher K Rayner ◽  
Tongzhi Wu
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Glucose Infusion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract Context Exposure of the small intestine to nutrients frequently leads to marked reductions in blood pressure (BP) in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). It remains unclear whether the region of the gut exposed to nutrients influences postprandial cardiovascular responses. Objective To evaluate the cardiovascular responses to proximal and distal small intestinal glucose infusion in health and T2DM. Design Double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Setting Single center in Australia. Patients 10 healthy subjects and 10 T2DM patients. Interventions Volunteers were studied on 2 occasions, when a transnasal catheter was positioned with infusion ports opening 13 cm and 190 cm beyond the pylorus. A 30-g bolus of glucose was infused into either site and 0.9% saline into the alternate site over 60 minutes. Main Outcome Measures BP, heart rate (HR), and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) blood flow were measured over 180 minutes. Results Systolic BP was unchanged in response to both infusions in health, but decreased in T2DM, with a greater reduction after proximal versus distal infusion (all P ≤ .01). The increment in HR did not differ between treatments in health, but was greater after distal versus proximal infusion in T2DM (P = .02). The increases in SMA blood flow were initially greater, but less sustained, with proximal versus distal infusion in health (P &lt; .001), a pattern less evident in T2DM. Conclusions In T2DM, postprandial hypotension may be mitigated by diversion of nutrients from the proximal to the distal small intestine.

Evaluation of Bacillus subtilis R0179 on gastrointestinal viability and general wellness: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hanifi ◽  
T. Culpepper ◽  
V. Mai ◽  
A. Anand ◽  
A.L. Ford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Double Blind Placebo ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale ◽  
Gi Symptoms

A probiotic formulation of Enterococcus faecium R0026 and Bacillus subtilis R0179 has been evaluated in previous clinical trials. However, B. subtilis R0179 has not been evaluated as a single probiotic strain or in combination with other strains at doses higher than 0.1×109 cfu. To establish oral dose-response tolerance and gastrointestinal (GI) viability of B. subtilis R0179, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults (n=81; 18-50 years old) was conducted. Participants received B. subtilis R0179 at 0.1, 1.0 or 10×109 cfu/capsule/day or placebo for four weeks. General wellness was assessed using a daily questionnaire evaluating GI, cephalic, ear-nose-throat, behavioural, emetic, and epidermal symptoms. GI symptoms were further evaluated using a weekly gastrointestinal symptom rating scale (GSRS). GI transit viability of B. subtilis R0179 was assessed by plating and microbiota analysis by 16S rRNA at baseline, week 4 of the intervention and washout. General wellness and GI function were not affected by oral consumption of B. subtilis R0179 at any dose. Daily questionnaire syndrome scores were not different from baseline and did not exceed a clinically significant score of 1. GSRS syndrome scores were not different from baseline and ranged from 1.1±0.1 to 1.9±0.2. Faecal viable counts of B. subtilis R0179 demonstrated a dose response: the placebo group (1.1±0.1 log10 cfu/g) differed from 0.1×109 (4.6±0.1 log10 cfu/g), 1×109 (5.6±0.1 log10 cfu/g) and 10×109 (6.4±0.1 log10 cfu/g) (P<0.0001). No significant changes in phyla were observed, but sequence reads binned to multiple operational taxonomic units matching closest to Ruminococci increased during probiotic supplementation. B. subtilis R0179 survives passage through the human GI tract and is well tolerated by healthy adults at intakes from 0.1 to 10×109 cfu/day. The trial has been registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov under NCT01802151.

scholarly journals Morphological Transformation between Flat and Tube Structures by Coordinated Motions of Soft Pneumatic Microactuators

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Konishi ◽  
Fumitaka Oya
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Peristaltic Motion ◽  
Morphological Transformation ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Higher Order Functions ◽  
Tube Structure

Abstract Microactuators are the most distinctive and challenging microdevices among micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) relative to microsensors or electronic circuits. Soft and flexible microactuators have been achieved by introducing polymers as structural materials in addition to conventional materials. Expanding the application of MEMS to the biomedical field requires particular features, such as softness and small devices. It is important to address small and fragile biological objects while satisfying the demand for minimally invasive medicine. Both MEMS and biomedical applications require three-dimensional microstructures for higher-order functions. In general, microactuators are limited to simple motions such as bending. Our group has developed an openable artificial small intestinal tract system. An array of pneumatic balloon actuators (PBAs) transforms a flat structure into a tube structure representing the small intestine. Coordination of the bending motions of the PBAs enables the formation of a three-dimensional tube structure. Each PBA is 400 μm × 1800 μm × 100 μm. The diameter of the tube structure is 1 mm. Additional higher-order functions of the artificial small intestine, such as peristaltic motion, are currently of interest for us. This paper describes the morphological transformation of a soft microstructure and further potential possibilities of coordinated motions of soft microactuators.

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