scholarly journals SGP-C: A Broad Host Range Temperate Bacteriophage; Against Salmonella gallinarum

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Zainab Ilyas ◽  
Hafsa Tariq ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Hamza Tahir ◽  
Zulquernain Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Temperate Bacteriophage ◽  
Salmonella Gallinarum ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
C Genome ◽  
Super Infection ◽  
Lysogenic Phage

Salmonella gallinarum is a poultry restricted-pathogen causing fowl-typhoid disease in adult birds with mortality rates up-to 80% and exhibit resistance against commonly used antibiotics. In this current study, a temperate broad host range bacteriophage SGP-C was isolated against S. gallinarum from poultry digesta. It showed infection ability in all the 15 tested field strains of S. gallinarum. The SGP-C phage produced circular, turbid plaques with alternate rings. Its optimum activity was observed at pH 7.0 and 37–42°C, with a latent period of 45 min and burst size of 187 virions/bacterial cell. The SGP-C lysogens, SGPC-L5 and SGPC-L6 exhibited super-infection immunity against the same phage, an already reported feature of lysogens. A virulence index of 0.5 and 0.001 as MV50 of SGP-C suggests its moderate virulence. The genome of SGP-C found circular double stranded DNA of 42 Kbp with 50.04% GC content, which encodes 63 ORFs. The presence of repressor gene at ORF49, and absence of tRNA sequence in SGP-C genome indicates its lysogenic nature. Furthermore, from NGS analysis of lysogens we propose that SGP-C genome might exist either as an episome, or both as integrated and temporary episome in the host cell and warrants further studies. Phylogenetic analysis revealed its similarity with Salmonella temperate phages belonging to family Siphoviridae. The encoded proteins by SGP-C genome have not showed homology with any known toxin and virulence factor. Although plenty of lytic bacteriophages against this pathogen are already reported, to our knowledge SGP-C is the first lysogenic phage against S. gallinarum reported so far.

DNA base composition, nature of intracellular DNA, morphology, and classification of bacteriophages infecting Micrococcus luteus

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1027-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Compton ◽  
John A. Mayo ◽  
Melanie Ehrlich ◽  
H. W. Ackermann ◽  
Lise Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Base Composition ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Dna Base Composition ◽  
Bacterial Virus ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Dna Base

Ten bacteriophages infecting Micrococcus luteus have been characterized. All phages contain double-stranded DNA, of 64.3–73.5 mol% guanine plus cytosine (GC). The DNA of phage N7 has the highest GC content reported for any bacterial virus. No unusual bases have been found. The intracellular replicating DNAs of six phages are covalently closed circular molecules. All 10 phages have isometric, probably icosahedral, heads and long, flexible, noncontractile tails and can be sorted into two morphological groups based on size and presence or absence of a collar. Host-range studies indicate six host-range groups.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of the Broad-Host-Range Pseudomonas Phage Φ-S1

2012 ◽  
Vol 86 (18) ◽  
pp. 10239-10239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanna Sillankorva ◽  
Andrew M. Kropinski ◽  
Joana Azeredo
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Reading Frames

The broad-host-range lyticPseudomonasphage Φ-S1 possess a 40,192 bp double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome of 47 open reading frames (ORFs) and belongs to the familyPodoviridae, subfamilyAutographivirinae, genusT7likevirus.

scholarly journals Isolation of Polyvalent Bacteriophages by Sequential Multiple-Host Approaches

2015 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 808-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingfeng Yu ◽  
Jacques Mathieu ◽  
Mengyan Li ◽  
Zhaoyi Dai ◽  
Pedro J. J. Alvarez
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Narrow Host Range ◽  
Isolation Methods ◽  
Culture Independent ◽  
K 12

ABSTRACTMany studies on phage biology are based on isolation methods that may inadvertently select for narrow-host-range phages. Consequently, broad-host-range phages, whose ecological significance is largely unexplored, are consistently overlooked. To enhance research on such polyvalent phages, we developed two sequential multihost isolation methods and tested both culture-dependent and culture-independent phage libraries for broad infectivity. Lytic phages isolated from activated sludge were capable of interspecies or even interorder infectivity without a significant reduction in the efficiency of plating (0.45 to 1.15). Two polyvalent phages (PX1 of thePodoviridaefamily and PEf1 of theSiphoviridaefamily) were characterized in terms of adsorption rate (3.54 × 10−10to 8.53 × 10−10ml/min), latent time (40 to 55 min), and burst size (45 to 99 PFU/cell), using different hosts. These phages were enriched with a nonpathogenic host (Pseudomonas putidaF1 orEscherichia coliK-12) and subsequently used to infect model problematic bacteria. By using a multiplicity of infection of 10 in bacterial challenge tests, >60% lethality was observed forPseudomonas aeruginosarelative to uninfected controls. The corresponding lethality forPseudomonas syringaewas ∼50%. Overall, this work suggests that polyvalent phages may be readily isolated from the environment by using different sequential hosts, and this approach should facilitate the study of their ecological significance as well as enable novel applications.

scholarly journals Genome Sequence of Bacillus cereus Group Phage SalinJah

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Erill ◽  
Steven M. Caruso
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Double Stranded Dna

The double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) Myoviridae Bacillus cereus group bacteriophage SalinJah was isolated from soil collected in Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. SalinJah, a cluster C phage with a broad host range, suggests the need to create a new subcluster with SalinJah and Helga as founding members.

scholarly journals TSP, a virulent Podovirus can control the growth of Staphylococcus aureus till 12 hours

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Tabassum ◽  
Iqbal Ahmed Alvi ◽  
Muhammad Asif ◽  
Abdul Basit ◽  
Shafiq ur Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Latent Period ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Lytic Bacteriophage ◽  
Short Latent Period ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Approach

Abstract Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a prevailing nosocomial pathogen that causes a large number of diseases in healthcare and community settings. The MRSA causes infections in different tissues of immunocompromised individuals leading to increased morbidity and mortality. It possess various virulence mechanisms to show resistance against to a lot of beta-lactam antibiotics. To tackle this emerging issue of MRSA, there is an urgent need of antibiotic alternatives and utilizing lytic bacteriophages is one of the best promising therapeutic approach. In the present study, a lytic bacteriophage TSP was isolated from hospital wastewater against MRSA. Its morphology, physiology, host specificity, burst size and lytic spectrum were determined and complete genome sequence was analyzed. TSP phage efficiently inhibit bacterial growth for up to 12 hours. TSP phage showed broad lytic spectrum against clinical isolates of MRSA (78%) and MSSA (37%). It showed stability at varying temperatures (25ºC, 37ºC) and pH (5–9), while its maximum storage stability was observed at 4ºC. It had short latent period (20min) and high burst size (103 PFU/ infected cell). TSP genome sequence and restriction analysis revealed that its genome is linear having 17,987 bp in length with an average GC content of 29.7%. The TSP genome showed 98% similarity to S aureus phages SCH1, SCH11 and vB SauP-436A1. According to comparative genomic analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis, TSP phage can be considered as a member of genus “P68viruses”. The strong lytic activity, broad host range and short latent period along with absence of any lysogenic and toxic genes make TSP a very good candidate for phage therapy against MRSA infections if prove safe during in vivo studies.

scholarly journals Wide Host Range and Strong Lytic Activity ofStaphylococcusaureusLytic Phage Stau2

2010 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 756-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue-Er Hsieh ◽  
Hsueh-Hsia Lo ◽  
Shui-Tu Chen ◽  
Mong-Chuan Lee ◽  
Yi-Hsiung Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Specific Phage ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
Lethal Infection ◽  
Complete Lysis ◽  
Cell Propagation

ABSTRACTIn searching for an alternative antibacterial agent against multidrug-resistantStaphylococcusaureus, we have isolated and characterized a lytic staphylophage, Stau2. It possesses a double-stranded DNA genome estimated to be about 134.5 kb and a morphology resembling that of members of the familyMyoviridae. With an estimated latency period of 25 min and a burst size of 100 PFU/infected cell, propagation of Stau2 in liquid culture gave a lysate of ca. 6 × 1010PFU/ml. It was stable at pH 5 to 13 in normal saline at room temperature for at least 4 weeks and at −85°C for more than 2 years, while 1 × 109out of 2 × 1012PFU/ml retained infectivity after 36 months at 4°C. Stau2 could lyse 80% of theS.aureusisolates (164/205) obtained from hospitals in Taiwan, with complete lysis of most of the isolates tested within 3 h; however, it was anS.aureus-specific phage because no lytic infection could be found in the coagulase-negative staphylococci tested. Its host range amongS.aureusisolates was wider than that of polyvalent phage K (47%), which can also lyse many other staphylococcal species. Experiments with mice demonstrated that Stau2 could provide 100% protection from lethal infection when a multiplicity of infection of 10 was administered immediately after a challenge withS.aureusS23. Considering these results, Stau2 could be considered at least as a candidate for topical phage therapy or an additive in the food industry.

scholarly journals Characterization of Two New Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli O103-Infecting Phages Isolated from an Organic Farm

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1527
Author(s):  
Yujie Zhang ◽  
Yen-Te Liao ◽  
Alexandra Salvador ◽  
Valerie M. Lavenburg ◽  
Vivian C.H. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Organic Farm ◽  
Double Stranded Dna

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O103 strains have been recently attributed to various foodborne outbreaks in the United States. Due to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, lytic phages are considered as alternative biocontrol agents. This study was to biologically and genomically characterize two STEC O103-infecting bacteriophages, vB_EcoP-Ro103C3lw (or Ro103C3lw) and vB_EcoM-Pr103Blw (or Pr103Blw), isolated from an organic farm. Based on genomic and morphological analyses, phages Ro103C3lw and Pr103Blw belonged to Autographiviridae and Myoviridae families, respectively. Ro103C3lw contained a 39,389-bp double-stranded DNA and encoded a unique tail fiber with depolymerase activity, resulting in huge plaques. Pr103Blw had an 88,421-bp double-stranded DNA with 26 predicted tRNAs associated with the enhancement of the phage fitness. Within each phage genome, no virulence, antibiotic-resistant, and lysogenic genes were detected. Additionally, Ro103C3lw had a short latent period (2 min) and a narrow host range, infecting only STEC O103 strains. By contrast, Pr103Blw had a large burst size (152 PFU/CFU) and a broad host range against STEC O103, O26, O111, O157:H7, and Salmonella Javiana strains. Furthermore, both phages showed strong antimicrobial activities against STEC O103:H2 strains. The findings provide valuable insight into these two phages’ genomic features with the potential antimicrobial activities against STEC O103.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Ahp2, a Lytic Bacteriophage of Aeromonas hydrophila

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 477
Author(s):  
Jian-Bin Wang ◽  
Mei-Shiuan Yu ◽  
Tsai-Tien Tseng ◽  
Ling-Chun Lin
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Gc Content ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Lytic Bacteriophage ◽  
Protein Sequence Analysis ◽  
Double Stranded Dna ◽  
A Genome

Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen that infects fish, amphibians, mammals, and humans. This study isolated a myophage, vB_AhyM_Ahp2 (Ahp2), that lytically infects A. hydrophila. We observed that 96% of the Ahp2 particles adsorbed to A. hydrophila within 18 min. Ahp2 also showed a latent period of 15 min with a burst size of 142 PFU/cell. This phage has a linear double-stranded DNA genome of 47,331 bp with a GC content of 57%. At least 20 Ahp2 proteins were detected by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; among them, a 40-kDa protein was predicted as the major capsid protein. Sequence analysis showed that Ahp2 has a genome organization closely related to a group of Aeromonas phages (13AhydR10RR, 14AhydR10RR, 85AhydR10RR, phage 3, 32 Asp37, 59.1), which infect Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas salmonicida. The tail module encompassing ORF27-29 in the Ahp2 genome was present in all Aeromonas phages analyzed in this study and likely determines the host range of the virus. This study found that Ahp2 completely lyses A. hydrophila AH300206 in 3.5 h at a MOI of 0.0001 and does not lysogenize its host. Altogether, these findings show that Ahp2 is a lytic Aeromonas phage and could be a candidate for therapeutic phage cocktails.

scholarly journals Characterization of the Three New Kayviruses and Their Lytic Activity Against Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Łubowska ◽  
Bartłomiej Grygorcewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Kosznik-Kwaśnicka ◽  
Agata Zauszkiewicz-Pawlak ◽  
Alicja Węgrzyn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Lytic Activity ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Short Latent Period

The development of antimicrobial resistance has become a global concern. One approach to overcome the problem of drug resistance is the application of bacteriophages. This study aimed at characterizing three phages isolated from sewage, which show lytic activity against clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Morphology, genetics and biological properties, including host range, adsorption rate, latent time, phage burst size and lysis profiles, were studied in all three phages. As analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), phages vB_SauM-A, vB_SauM-C, vB_SauM-D have a myovirion morphology. One of the tested phages, vB_SauM-A, has relatively rapid adsorption (86% in 17.5 min), short latent period (25 min) and extremely large burst size (~500 plaque-forming units (PFU) per infected cell). The genomic analysis revealed that vB_SauM-A, vB_SauM-C, vB_SauM-D possess large genomes (vB_SauM-A 139,031 bp, vB_SauM-C 140,086 bp, vB_SauM-D 139,088 bp) with low G+C content (~30.4%) and are very closely related to the phage K (95–97% similarity). The isolated bacteriophages demonstrate broad host range against MDR S. aureus strains, high lytic activity corresponding to strictly virulent life cycle, suggesting their potential to treat S. aureus infections.

Isolation and properties of a bacteriophage lytic for a wide range of pseudomonads

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Kelln ◽  
R. A. J. Warren
Keyword(s):  
Latent Period ◽  
Pseudomonas Fluorescens ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Lytic Bacteriophage ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Short Tail ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Strains

The lytic bacteriophage ø-S1 was isolated from sewage using a strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens as host. It had a hexagonal head 60 nm in diameter and a short tail 30 nm long. ø-S1 had a broad host range, lysing strains from 10 biotypes of Pseudomonads. Although the latent period was fairly constant for the bacterial strains tested, the burst size varied considerably. The rate of adsorption of the phage to different strains also varied considerably.

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