scholarly journals Microbial Diversity of Bacteria Involved in Biomineralization Processes in Mine-Impacted Freshwaters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Paganin ◽  
Chiara Alisi ◽  
Elisabetta Dore ◽  
Dario Fancello ◽  
Pier Andrea Marras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Enriched Cultures ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

In order to increase the knowledge about geo-bio interactions in extreme metal-polluted mine waters, we combined microbiological, mineralogical, and geochemical analyses to study the indigenous sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) involved in the heavy metal (HM) biomineralization processes occurring in Iglesiente and Arburese districts (SW Sardinia, Italy). Anaerobic cultures from sediments of two different mining-affected streams of this regional framework were enriched and analyzed by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique, showing sequences closely related to SRB classified in taxa typical of environments with high concentrations of metals (Desulfovibrionaceae, Desulfosporosinus). Nevertheless, the most abundant genera found in our samples did not belong to the traditional SRB groups (i.e., Rahnella, Acinetobacter). The bio-precipitation process mediated by these selected cultures was assessed by anaerobic batch tests performed with polluted river water showing a dramatic (more than 97%) Zn decrease. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the occurrence of Zn sulfide with tubular morphology, suggesting a bacteria-mediated bio-precipitation. The inocula represent two distinct communities of microorganisms, each adapted to peculiar environmental conditions. However, both the communities were able to use pollutants in their metabolism and tolerating HMs by detoxification mechanisms. The Zn precipitation mediated by the different enriched cultures suggests that SRB inocula selected in this study have great potentialities for the development of biotechnological techniques to reduce contaminant dispersion and for metal recovery.

Biological Mechanisms of H2S Formation in Sewer Pipes

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Attal ◽  
M. Brigodiot ◽  
P. Camacho ◽  
J. Manem
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Sewer Pipes ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the biological phenomena involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide in urban wastewater (UWW) systems. It is found that the UWW itself naturally possesses the biomass needed to consume the sulfates. These heterotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria populations, though immediately active in strict anaerobic conditions, are present only in very low concentrations in the UWW. A concentration of them was studied within the pressure pipes, in the form of deposits, and this justifies the high concentrations of sulfides measured in certain wastewater networks. There are two reasons why the ferrous sulfate used as a treatment in any wastewater networks should not cause the production of additional sulfides. Firstly, the sulfate consumption kinetics are always too slow, relative to the residence time of the water in the pipe, for all of the sulfates to be consumed anyway. Secondly, the amount of assimilable carbon, soluble carbon, and carbon from suspended solid (SS) hydrolysis is insufficient.

scholarly journals Late Anisian microbe-metazoan build-ups ('stromatolites') in the Germanic Basin — aftermath of the Permian — Triassic Crisis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Pei ◽  
Jan-peter Duda ◽  
Jan Schoenig ◽  
Cui Luo ◽  
Joachim Reitner
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Mats ◽  
Middle Triassic ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Germanic Basin ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Mutualistic Relationship ◽  
Relative Rarity ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The so-called Permian — Triassic mass extinction was followed by a prolonged period of ecological recovery that lasted until the Middle Triassic. Triassic stromatolites from the Germanic Basin seem to be an important part of the puzzle, but have barely been investigated so far. Here we analyzed late Anisian (upper Middle Muschelkalk) stromatolites from across the Germanic Basin by combining petrographic approaches (optical microscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence, Raman imaging) and geochemical analyses (sedimentary hydrocarbons, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes). Paleontological and sedimentological evidence, such as Placunopsis bivalves, intraclasts and disrupted laminated fabrics, indicate that the stromatolites formed in subtidal, shallow marine settings. This interpretation is consistent with δ13Ccarb of about -2.1 % to -0.4 %. Occurrences of calcite pseudomorphs after gypsum suggest slightly evaporitic environments, which is well in line with the relative rarity of fossils in the host strata. Remarkably, the stromatolites are composed of microbes (perhaps cyanobacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria) and metazoans such as non-spicular demosponges, Placunopsis bivalves, and/or Spirobis-like worm tubes. Therefore, these ″stromatolites″ should more correctly be referred to as microbe-metazoan build-ups. They are characterized by diverse lamination types, including planar, wavy, domal and conical ones. Microbial mats likely played an important role in forming the planar and wavy laminations. Domal and conical laminations commonly show clotted to peloidal features and mesh-like fabrics, attributed to fossilized non-spicular demosponges. Our observations not only point up that non-spicular demosponges are easily overlooked and might be mistakenly interpreted as stromatolites, but also demonstrate that microbe-metazoan build-ups were widespread in the Germanic Basin during Early to Middle Triassic times. In the light of our findings, it appears plausible that the involved organisms benefited from elevated salinities. Another (not necessarily contradictory) possibility is that the mutualistic relationship between microbes and non-spicular demosponges enabled these organisms to fill ecological niches cleared by the Permian — Triassic Crisis. If that is to be the case, it means that such microbe-metazoan associations maintained their advantage until the Middle Triassic.

Anaerobic Treatment of Viscose Wastewater

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kroiss ◽  
F Plahl-Wabnegg ◽  
K Svardal
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Carbonaceous Matter ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Zinc Removal ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The waste water from the viscose production process can be characterized as follows: low to medium strength of biodegradable carbonaceous matter, high concentrations of sulfate, high concentrations of zinc. The treatment process to be presented consists of anaerobic pre-treatment of the neutralized waste water combining the removal of carbonaceous matter with zinc removal by sulfide precipitation. The organic pollution of the waste water is used as a substrate for sulfate reducing bacteria present in the anaerobic reactor. The hydrogen sulfide produced precipitates the zinc as insoluble zinc sulfide. Labscale experiments lasting several months resulted in stable zinc effluent concentrations below 1 mg/l combined with a COD removal of about 40 - 50 %.

scholarly journals Damming Induced Natural Attenuation of Hydrothermal Waters by Runoff Freshwater Dilution and Sediment Biogeochemical Transformations (Sochagota Lake, Colombia)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3445
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ricardo Cifuentes ◽  
Rosario Jiménez-Espinosa ◽  
Claudia Patricia Quevedo ◽  
Juan Jiménez-Millán
Keyword(s):  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Biogeochemical Transformations ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Mixed Water

The volcanic area of the Paipa system (Boyacá, Colombia) contains a magmatic heat source and deep fractures that help the flow of hot and highly mineralized waters, which are further combined with cold superficial inputs. This mixed water recharges the Salitre River and downstream feeding Sochagota Lake. The incoming water can contribute to substantial increases in hydrothermal SO42−-Na water in the water of the Salitre River basin area, raising the salinity. An additional hydrogeochemical process occurs in the mix with cold Fe-rich water from alluvial and surficial aquifers. This salinized Fe-rich water feeds the Sochagota Lake, although the impact of freshwaters from rain on the hydrochemistry of the Sochagota Lake is significant. A series of hydrogeochemical, biogeochemical, and mineralogical processes occur inside the lake. The aim of this work was to study the influence of damming in the Sochagota Lake, which acts as a natural attenuation of contaminants such as high concentrations of metals and salty elements coming from the Salitre River. Damming in the Sochagota Lake is considered to be an effective strategy for attenuating highly mineralized waters. The concentrations of dissolved elements were attenuated significantly. Dilution by rainfall runoff and precipitation of iron sulfides mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria in deposits rich in organic material were the main processes involved in the attenuation of concentrations of SO42−, Fe, As Cu, and Co in the lake water. Furthermore, the K-consuming illitization processes occurring in the sediments could favor the decrease in K and Al.

scholarly journals Metabolic activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria from rodents with colitis

Open Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Kováč ◽  
Monika Vítězová ◽  
Ivan Kushkevych
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

AbstractSulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are anaerobic microorganisms, which use sulfate as an electron acceptor in the process of dissimilatory sulfate reduction. The final metabolic product of these anaerobic microorganisms is hydrogen sulfide, which is known as toxic and can lead to damage to epithelial cells of the large intestine at high concentrations. Different genera of SRB are detected in the large intestine of healthy human and animals, and with diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. SRB isolated from rodents with ulcerative colitis have produced 1.14 (mice) and 1.03 (rats) times more sulfide ions than healthy rodents. The species ofDesulfovibriogenus are the most widespread among all SRB in the intestine. The object of our research was to observe and compare the difference of production of sulfide and reduction of sulfate in intestinal SRB isolated from healthy rodents and rodents with ulcerative colitis.

A Study on Hydrogen Sulphide as Potential Tracer in Landfill Gas Monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar ◽  
Zaity Syazwani Mohd Odli ◽  
Irnis Azura Zakarya ◽  
Farah Naemah Mohd Saad ◽  
Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Biological Conversion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
H2s Emission ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the major source of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) which is the offensive odours potentially creating annoyance in adjacent communities. This project focuses on H2S emission from landfills in Perlis, Malaysia. Landfill gas (LFG) samples were collected and analyzed accordance with NIOSH method 6013. The mean concentrations of H2S in Kuala Perlis Landfill and Padang Siding Landfill are 210.68 ppm and 242.85 ppm respectively. High concentrations of H2S may be a concern for employees working on the landfill site. These results indicate that workers should use proper personal protection at landfill when involved in excavation, landfill gas collection, and refuse compaction. The formation of H2S most likely to be contributed by the biological conversion of sulfate from gypsum-rich soils and landfill wastewater treatment sludges by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) which can utilize dissolved sulfate as an electron acceptor. H2S is conveniently detected by hand held analyzer, such Jerome meter, landfill gas analyzer. In the organic range, in the ease of detection range in the dispersion rate within the landfill site, the monitored H2S gas form a very noticeable concentration with the travelling wind direction. It proved that the dispersion rate of H2S are suitable as tracer to detect route of travelling in a certain distance.

scholarly journals Study of biodegradation of Poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate) (PBAT) by maritime microorganisms from the Atlhantic Coast of Recife-PE (Brazil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e164101724579
Author(s):  
Lhaira Souza Barreto ◽  
Erika Emanuele Gomes da Silva ◽  
Mariana Alves Henrique ◽  
Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa ◽  
Sara Horácio de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Static System ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Biodegradable polymers undergo a degradation process resulting from the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. Poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is considered a biodegradable synthetic polymer, even if its degradation has been confirmed under industrial composting conditions, the investigation of its degradation in the marine environment is still limited. Therefore, this work aims to study the biodegradation in the marine environment, of the biodegradable polymer (PBAT), and for that, it was submerged in a static system, using seawater from the coastal region of Pernambuco/Brazil as a fluid. The samples were studied by chemical, thermal and microbiological analyses, after 7, 14, 30, 90, 120 and 180 days of immersion. Microbiological analyzes indicated that aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (AHB), anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria (AnHB) and iron precipitating bacteria (IPB) were quantified in the system at all times at high concentrations, with the exception of Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), fungi and Pseudomonas that showed lower concentrations compared to other bacterial groups. Biodegradation was observed by the percentage of mass loss of approximately 2.25%. In the DSC, the expansion of melting peaks after exposure to the marine environment was noted, while the TGA did not show changes in the curve trends. The FTIR showed that no new band appeared, nor displacement, since the vibrations of the covalent bonds of the groups are present regardless of the biodegradation. Indicating that no significant microbiological degradation of PBAT was observed.

Thermophilic sulfate and sulfite reduction with methanol in a high rate anaerobic reactor

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weijma ◽  
J.-P. Haerkens ◽  
A.J.M. Stams ◽  
L.W. Hulshoff Pol ◽  
G. Lettinga
Keyword(s):  
Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Acetate Production ◽  
Anaerobic Reactor ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Sulfate Reduction Rates ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Thermophilic sulfite and sulfate reduction offers good prospects as part of an alternative technology to conventional off-gas desulfurization technologies. Thermophilic sulfate and sulfite reduction with methanol as the sole carbon and energy source for the sulfate reducing bacteria was studied in lab-scale Expanded Granular Sludge Bed (EGSB) reactors operated at 65 °C and pH 7.5. At a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 4 hr, sulfite and sulfate elimination rates of up to 0.22 mol-S.l-1.day-1 (100% elimination) and 0.15 mol-S.l-1.day-1 (80% elimination), respectively, were achieved. Sulfite and sulfate reduction accounted for 85–90% of the electrons released during degradation of methanol. In addition, 10–13% and 1–2% of the consumed methanol was converted to acetate and methane, respectively. Acetate was not utilized as electron donor for sulfate reduction. Acetate production seemed to be linearly correlated to the amount of sulfite and sulfate reduced. Sulfite disproportionating activity of the sludge was demonstrated by the simultaneous appearance of sulfide and sulfate in batch tests with sulfite. However, sulfite disproportionation rates were 4 times lower than sulfate reduction rates with methanol. The results clearly demonstrate that methanol can be efficiently used as electron and carbon source to obtain high sulfite and sulfate elimination rates in thermophilic bioreactors.

Sulfate Removal from Extremely Acidic Wastewaters Using Consortia of Acidophilic Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria

2013 ◽  
Vol 825 ◽  
pp. 487-490
Author(s):  
Ivan Nancucheo ◽  
D. Barrie Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mine Water ◽  
Ferrous Iron ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

A low pH sulfidogenic bioreactor, maintained between pH 2.8 and 4.0, was used to lower sulfate concentrations in two extremely acidic (pH 1.3 to 3.0) synthetic mine waters that contained ferrous iron but no other chalcophilic metals. Tests with water carried out with synthetic mine water from a German site showed that 98% of the sulfate present could be removed by manipulating the water pH and concentration of electron donor (glycerol) for the sulfate-reducing bacteria. While more sulfate was removed with synthetic Chilean mine water (up to 35 mmoles L-1), this only accounted for between 50-60% of the total present. There was close agreement between the stoichiometry of glycerol used and the amount of sulfate removed, particularly with the German mine water.

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