scholarly journals Supplementing Mannan Oligosaccharide Reduces the Passive Transfer of Immunoglobulin G and Improves Antioxidative Capacity, Immunity, and Intestinal Microbiota in Neonatal Goats

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao Yang ◽  
Tianxi Zhang ◽  
Quanhua Tian ◽  
Yan Cheng ◽  
Kefyalew Gebeyew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Mannan Oligosaccharide ◽  
Positive Effects

Successful establishment of passive immunity (PIT) and regulation of intestinal microbiota are crucial for ruminants to maintain body health and reduce the risk of disease during the neonatal period. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on passive transfer of immunoglobulin G (IgG), serum inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant levels as well as bacteria composition in the ileal digesta. A total of 14 healthy neonatal Ganxi black goats with similar birth weight (BW: 2.35 ± 0.55 kg) were selected and allocated into two groups, only fed colostrum and milk replacer (CON, n = 7) and supplemented MOS (0.06% of birth BW) in the colostrum and milk replacer (MOS, n = 7). The results indicated that MOS supplementation significantly reduced (p < 0.05) serum IgG level at 3 and 6 h after colostrum feeding. Serum GLP-1 level of goats in the MOS group was significantly lower (p = 0.001) than that in the CON group. Goats in the MOS group had higher serum CAT and lower MDA level than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). Serum anti-inflammatory cytokine level of interleukin 4 (IL-4) was increased (p < 0.05), while pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 level was reduced (p < 0.05) in the MOS group when compared with the CON group. In addition, MOS supplementation remarkably increased (p < 0.05) the level of secretory IgA (sIgA) in the ileal digesta. Principal coordinate analysis of 16S rRNA sequence based on Brinary jaccard, Bray curtis, and weighted UniFrac distance of ileal microbiota showed a distinct microbial differentiation between the CON and MOS groups (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes in the MOS group was higher than that in the CON group, while the abundance of Verrucomicrobia was lower in the MOS group than that in the CON group at the phylum level (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Proteobacteria tended to decrease (p = 0.078) in the MOS group at the phylum level. The results of LEfSe analysis showed that MOS group was characterized by a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus, while the CON group was represented by a higher relative abundance of Akkermansia and Ruminiclostridium_5. Our findings demonstrated that MOS supplementation during the neonatal period increases antioxidant capacity and reduces the inflammatory response, and promotes IgA secretion and Lactobacillus colonization in the ileum. Thus, MOS induced positive effects are more pronounced in neonatal goats that might be an effective approach to maintain intestinal health and improve the surviving rate of neonatal ruminants.

scholarly journals Short Communication: Addition of Milk Replacer to Colostrum Whey: Effect on Immunoglobulin G Passive Transfer in Majorera Kids

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 2347-2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Castro ◽  
J. Capote ◽  
L. Morales ◽  
E. Quesada ◽  
H. Briggs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Short Communication ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Milk Replacer

scholarly journals Passive immunity in lambs: Colostral and serum γ-glutamyltransferase as a predictor of IgG concentration and related to the diseases from birth to 12 weeks of life

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
E Gokce ◽  
AH Kirmizigul ◽  
O Atakisi ◽  
M Kuru ◽  
HM Erdogan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Immune Status ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Passive Immunity ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Neonatal Lambs

The main goal of this study was to find a link between colostrum and the 1-day-old lamb serum γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration and their relation with neonatal diseases and beyond. Further, to set a linear relationship between the serum GGT activity (SGGTA) and the IgG concentration (SIgGC) in different days of the neonatal period, thereby determining the feasibility of the GGT activity in the prediction of the colostrum quality and passive immunity and to define a cut-off point for the SGGTA associated with an increased risk of illness or death in lambs. For this purpose, blood samples were obtained from the lambs before the colostrum intake (day 0) and on different days (1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28) in the neonatal period. The colostrum was collected from the respective ewes (n = 254) related to the lambs. The most accurate (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.652) model for predicting the SIgGC or passive immune status was the multiple regression model developed to calculate ln[IgG] from ln[GGT] in healthy neonatal lambs using the serum GGT and IgG values of day 0, 1, 2, 4, 7, 14 and 28. The In[GGT] activity at 24 h after birth in lambs that died or became ill during the neonatal period accounted for approximately 77% and 88% of the variation in the ln[IgG] concentration at 24 h after birth, respectively. The study revealed that SGGTA-24 &gt; 500 IU may be considered as a critical cut-off point for the adequate colostral passive transfer. This study also disclosed that the colostral GGT activity might be used as an indicator to determine the colostrum quality.

scholarly journals Ethanol extract of mulberry leaves partially restores the composition of intestinal microbiota and strengthens liver glycogen fragility in type 2 diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan-Zhong Liu ◽  
Qing-Hua Liu ◽  
Zhao Liu ◽  
Jia-Wei Tang ◽  
Eng-Guan Chua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Mulberry Leaves ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract Background Mulberry leaf as a traditional Chinese medicine is able to treat obesity, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. It is well known that diabetes leads to intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. It is also recently discovered that liver glycogen structure is impaired in diabetic animals. Since mulberry leaves are able to improve the diabetic conditions through reducing blood glucose level, it would be interesting to investigate whether they have any positive effects on intestinal microbiota and liver glycogen structure. Methods In this study, we first determined the bioactive components of ethanol extract of mulberry leaves via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Murine animal models were divided into three groups, normal Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic rats, and HFD/STZ-induced rats administered with ethanol extract of mulberry leaves (200 mg/kg/day). Composition of intestinal microbiota was analyzed via metagenomics by sequencing the V3-V4 region of 16S rDNAs. Liver glycogen structure was characterized through size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Both Student’s t-test and Tukey’s test were used for statistical analysis. Results A group of type 2 diabetic rat models were successfully established. Intestinal microbiota analysis showed that ethanol extract of mulberry leaves could partially change intestinal microbiota back to normal conditions. In addition, liver glycogen was restored from fragile state to stable state through administration of ethanol extract of mulberry leaves. Conclusions This study confirms that the ethanol extract of mulberry leaves (MLE) ameliorates intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and strengthens liver glycogen fragility in diabetic rats. These finding can be helpful in discovering the novel therapeutic targets with the help of further investigations.

scholarly journals Addition of gut active carbohydrates to colostrum replacer does not improve passive transfer of immunoglobulin G in Holstein dairy calves

2014 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 5700-5708 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Villettaz Robichaud ◽  
S.M. Godden ◽  
D.M. Haines ◽  
D.B. Haley ◽  
D.L. Pearl
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Dairy Calves

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of the Fecal Bacterial Microbiota of Wintering Whooper Swans (Cygnus Cygnus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxia Wang ◽  
Songlin Huang ◽  
Liangliang Yang ◽  
Guogang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
The Body ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Bacterial Microbiota ◽  
And Control

There are many and diverse intestinal microbiota, and they are closely related to various physiological functions of the body. They directly participate in the host's food digestion, nutrient absorption, energy metabolism, immune response, and many other physiological activities and are also related to the occurrence of many diseases. The intestinal microbiota are extremely important for maintaining normal physical health. In order to explore the composition and differences of the intestinal microbiota of whooper swans in different wintering areas, we collected fecal samples of whooper swans in Sanmenxia, Henan, and Rongcheng, Shandong, and we used the Illumina HiSeq platform to perform high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Comparison between Sanmenxia and Rongcheng showed no significant differences in ACE, Chao 1, Simpson, and Shannon indices (p &gt; 0.05). Beta diversity results showed significant differences in bacterial communities between two groups [analysis of similarity (ANOSIM): R = 0.80, p = 0.011]. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) analysis showed that at the phylum level, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was significantly higher in Sanmenxia whooper swans than Rongcheng whooper swans. At the genus level, the amount of Psychrobacter and Carnobacterium in Sanmenxia was significantly higher in Rongcheng, while the relative abundance Catellicoccus and Lactobacillus was significantly higher in Rongcheng than in Sanmenxia. This study analyzed the composition, characteristics, and differences of the intestinal microbiota of the whooper swans in different wintering environments and provided theoretical support for further exploring the relationship between the intestinal microbiota of the whooper swans and the external environment. And it played an important role in the overwintering physiology and ecology, population management, and epidemic prevention and control of whooper swans.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Effects of Dietary Pattern on the Oral Microbiome of Elite Endurance Athletes

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nida Murtaza ◽  
Louise Burke ◽  
Nicole Vlahovich ◽  
Bronwen Charlesson ◽  
Hayley O’Neill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Distance Measure ◽  
Oral Microbiome ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Unifrac Distance ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Principal Coordinates ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

Although the oral microbiota is known to play a crucial role in human health, there are few studies of diet x oral microbiota interactions, and none in elite athletes who may manipulate their intakes of macronutrients to achieve different metabolic adaptations in pursuit of optimal endurance performance. The aim of this study was to investigate the shifts in the oral microbiome of elite male endurance race walkers from Europe, Asia, the Americas and Australia, in response to one of three dietary patterns often used by athletes during a period of intensified training: a High Carbohydrate (HCHO; n = 9; with 60% energy intake from carbohydrates; ~8.5 g kg−1 day−1 carbohydrate, ~2.1 g kg−1 day−1 protein, 1.2 g kg−1 day−1 fat) diet, a Periodised Carbohydrate (PCHO; n = 10; same macronutrient composition as HCHO, but the intake of carbohydrates is different across the day and throughout the week to support training sessions with high or low carbohydrate availability) diet or a ketogenic Low Carbohydrate High Fat (LCHF; n = 10; 0.5 g kg−1 day−1 carbohydrate; 78% energy as fat; 2.1 g kg−1 day−1 protein) diet. Saliva samples were collected both before (Baseline; BL) and after the three-week period (Post treatment; PT) and the oral microbiota profiles for each athlete were produced by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Principal coordinates analysis of the oral microbiota profiles based on the weighted UniFrac distance measure did not reveal any specific clustering with respect to diet or athlete ethnic origin, either at baseline (BL) or following the diet-training period. However, discriminant analyses of the oral microbiota profiles by Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Effect Size (LEfSe) and sparse Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (sPLS-DA) did reveal changes in the relative abundance of specific bacterial taxa, and, particularly, when comparing the microbiota profiles following consumption of the carbohydrate-based diets with the LCHF diet. These analyses showed that following consumption of the LCHF diet the relative abundances of Haemophilus, Neisseria and Prevotella spp. were decreased, and the relative abundance of Streptococcus spp. was increased. Such findings suggest that diet, and, in particular, the LCHF diet can induce changes in the oral microbiota of elite endurance walkers.

scholarly journals Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics regulate the intestinal microbiota differentially and restore the relative abundance of specific gut microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (7) ◽  
pp. 5816-5829
Author(s):  
Chen Li ◽  
Zhihua Niu ◽  
Meijuan Zou ◽  
Suyue Liu ◽  
Miaoshu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Gut Microorganisms

scholarly journals The piglet as a model for studying dietary components in infant diets: effects of galacto-oligosaccharides on intestinal functions

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Alizadeh ◽  
P. Akbari ◽  
E. Difilippo ◽  
H. A. Schols ◽  
L. H. Ulfman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Neonatal Piglet ◽  
Intestinal Functions ◽  
Histomorphological Changes ◽  
Prebiotic Oligosaccharides ◽  
Neonates And Infants ◽  
Human Neonates ◽  
Junction Proteins

AbstractPrebiotic oligosaccharides, including galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), are used in infant formula to mimic human milk oligosaccharides, which are known to have an important role in the development of the intestinal microbiota and the immune system in neonates. The maturation of the intestines in piglets closely resembles that of human neonates and infants. Hence, a neonatal piglet model was used to study the multi-faceted effect of dietary GOS in early life. Naturally farrowed piglets were separated from the mother sow 24–48 h postpartum and received a milk replacer with or without the addition of GOS for 3 or 26 d, whereafter several indicators of intestinal colonisation and maturation were measured. Dietary GOS was readily fermented in the colon, leading to a decreased pH, an increase in butyric acid in caecum digesta and an increase in lactobacilli and bifidobacteria numbers at day 26. Histomorphological changes were observed in the intestines of piglets fed a GOS diet for 3 or 26 d. In turn, differences in the intestinal disaccharidase activity were observed between control and GOS-fed piglets. The mRNA expression of various tight junction proteins was up-regulated in the intestines of piglet fed a GOS diet and was not accompanied by an increase in protein expression. GOS also increased defensin porcineβ-defensin-2in the colon and secretory IgA levels in saliva. In conclusion, by applying a neonatal piglet model, it could be demonstrated that a GOS-supplemented milk replacer promotes the balance of the developing intestinal microbiota, improves the intestinal architecture and seems to stimulate the intestinal defence mechanism.

scholarly journals Maternal Antibiotic Treatment Disrupts the Intestinal Microbiota and Intestinal Development in Neonatal Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Ming Chen ◽  
Hsiu-Chu Chou ◽  
Yu-Chen S. H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Antibiotic Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Nuclear Antigen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibiotic Administration ◽  
Intestinal Development ◽  
Neonatal Mice

Maternal antibiotic treatment (MAT) during prenatal and intrapartum periods alters the bacterial composition and diversity of the intestinal microbiota of the offspring. The effect of MAT during pregnancy on the intestinal microbiota and its relationship with intestinal development remain unknown. This study investigated the effects of MAT during pregnancy on intestinal microbiota, injury and inflammation, vascularization, cellular proliferation, and the intestinal barrier in neonatal mice. At timed intervals, we fed pregnant C57BL/6N mice sterile drinking water containing antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin, and vancomycin; all 1 mg/ml) from gestational day 15 to delivery. The control dams were fed sterile drinking water. Antibiotic administration was halted immediately after birth. On postnatal day 7, the intestinal microbiota was sampled from the lower gastrointestinal tract and the ileum was harvested for histology, Western blot, and cytokines analyses. MAT significantly reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and significantly increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the intestine compared with their abundances in the control group. MAT also significantly increased intestinal injury score and cytokine levels, reduced the number of intestinal goblet cells and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cells, and reduced the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor and tight junction proteins. Therefore, we proposed that maternal antibiotic exposure during pregnancy disrupts the intestinal microbiota and intestinal development in neonatal mice.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Activity of Carboxymethyl Pachymaran on Immunosuppressed Mice Induced by Cyclophosphamide

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 5733
Author(s):  
Feng Liu ◽  
Lijia Zhang ◽  
Xi Feng ◽  
Salam A. Ibrahim ◽  
Wen Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Functional Foods ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Immunomodulatory Agents ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Ig G ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice

The effects of immunomodulatory activity of two types of carboxymethyl pachymaran (CMP-1 and CMP-2) on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced mice were investigated. Both CMP-1 and CMP-2 were found to restore the splenomegaly and alleviate the spleen lesions and the mRNA expressions of TLR4, MyD88, p65 and NF-κB in spleen were also increased. CMP-1 and CMP-2 could enhance the immunity by increasing the levels of TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6, IFN-γ, Ig-A and Ig-G in serum. In addition, CMP-1 could increase the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and reduce the relative richness of Firmicutes at the phylum level. CMP-1 and CMP-2 could reduce the relative abundance Erysipelatoclostridum at the genus level. CMP-1 and CMP-2 might enhance the immune function of immunosuppression mice by regulating the gene expression in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and changing the composition and abundance of the intestinal microbiota. The results suggested that CMP-1 and CMP-2 would be as potential immunomodulatory agents in functional foods.

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